Abstract:
Provided are methods and kits to induce immunotolerance to an immunogenic target vehicle in a subject, by administering to the subject an immunogenic inducer vehicle. Further provided is a method of expressing a target gene in a subject, where the subject has existing immunotolerance to the immunogenic target vehicle. Methods of treating diseases are also provided.
Abstract:
A photo-tunable liquid crystal composition may include a polymer matrix and a liquid crystal mixture dispersed within the polymer matrix. The liquid crystal mixture may include at least one achiral nematic liquid crystal material,at least one photo-active chiral dopant,at least one photo-inactive chiral dopant,and at least one emissive dye. The composition may be fabricated in the form of an emulsion,a wet film,or a dry film. The dry film may be used in a photo-tunable liquid crystal film laser. The output wavelength of the photo-tunable liquid crystal film laser may be tuned by exposing the dry film to illumination having at least one wavelength at one or more transition wavelengths.
Abstract:
Methods and systems for producing isosorbide from biomass are disclosed. In one embodiment, a method of producing isosorbide from biomass may include contacting biomass, a catalyst mixture of a noble metal and a first solid acid, and hydrogen to form a first reaction mixture, and heating the first reaction mixture to form at least one intermediate compound. Further, the intermediate compound is contacted with a second solid acid to form a second reaction mixture, and heating the second reaction mixture to form isosorbide.
Abstract:
Methods described herein generally relate to producing carbon aerogel. The method may include providing a carbon-containing polymeric material, and contacting the carbon-containing polymeric material with light, heat or both to produce the carbon aerogel. Systems and kits for producing carbon aerogel are also disclosed.
Abstract:
Methods described herein generally relate to preparing graphene. The method may include contacting at least one elemental metal with a composition having graphene oxide under conditions sufficient to reduce at least a portion of the graphene oxide to graphene. Systems and kits for preparing graphene are also disclosed.
Abstract:
Methods described herein generally relate to producing patterned graphene. The method may include irradiating at least one focal point on a surface of a metal substrate with a laser beam in the presence of carbon dioxide, wherein the laser beam is generated by an ultra-short pulse laser; and causing the laser beam to move relative to the surface of the metal substrate such that the at least one focal point is displaced along a pattern on the surface, thereby producing a patterned graphene. Apparatuses for producing patterned graphene are also disclosed.
Abstract:
Methods and systems for producing one or more alkanes from biomass by hydrodeoxygenation are disclosed. Biomass may be converted to one or more alkanes by heating the biomass with a catalyst mixture that includes a noble metal and at least one of a transition metal and derivative thereof. The catalyst mixture may further include a solid acid. Heating may be performed at a single temperature and pressure.
Abstract:
Disclosed are polarization-independent electro-optical compositions using dichroic-dye-doped polymer stabilized optically isotropic chiral liquid crystals. The isotropic phase of such compositions can be well maintained even if the temperature is below 0 °C. The electro-optical performances of such compositions demonstrate large Kerr constants, fast response times, and large contrast ratios of the compositions. The power consumption and the cost of devices based on the compositions can be decreased substantially due to alignment-free and polarizer-free characteristics. The compositions can be used to generate low power consumption displays and other photonic devices.
Abstract:
Methods of making a metal oxide-graphene composite are disclosed. The method can include, for example, providing a composition including graphene oxide and at least one elemental metal dispersed in a liquid medium, and heating the composition in a sealed chamber at a temperature above a nominal boiling point of the liquid medium to form the metal oxide-graphene composite. Compositions useful for performing the process and composites obtained by the process are also disclosed.