公开(公告)号：US06650810B1

公开(公告)日：2003-11-18

申请号：US09639063

申请日：2000-08-15

Applicant: Robert A. Lieberman ,  John D Prohaska ,  Lothar U Kempen

Inventor： Robert A. Lieberman ,  John D Prohaska ,  Lothar U Kempen

IPC: G02B634

CPC classification number: G01J3/457 ,  G01J3/18 ,  G01J3/1895 ,  G01J3/4338 ,  G02B6/02133 ,  G02B6/02138 ,  G02B6/022 ,  G02B6/124 ,  G02F1/0115 ,  G02F2201/307

Abstract: A tunable optical filter for simulating the waveband spectrums of selected substances. The filter includes an optical waveguide with a core material for transmitting light energy and a nominal core refractive index for the core material. Predetermined periodic variations are formed in the core material of the optical waveguide between the input and output ends that alter the core refractive index of the waveguide at the location of the periodic variations. Depending upon the periodic variations, the waveguide produces a predetermined reference waveband spectrum output that matches the waveband spectrum of a selected substance. A modulator is coupled to the waveguide to selectively modulate the periodic variations to intermittently shift the reference waveband spectrum output to fine tune the filter and reduce signal noise. The filter is useful as a reference cell for correlation spectroscopy, DIAL LIDAR, equipment calibration, and other uses where a predetermined or known waveband spectrum is useful or desirable.

Abstract translation: 一种用于模拟所选物质的波段频谱的可调光滤波器。 滤波器包括具有用于透射光能的芯材料和用于芯材料的标称芯折射率的光波导。 在输入和输出端之间的光波导的芯材中形成预定的周期性变化，其改变在周期性变化的位置处的波导的纤芯折射率。 根据周期性变化，波导产生与选定物质的波段频谱相匹配的预定参考波段频谱输出。 调制器耦合到波导以选择性地调制周期性变化，以间歇地移动参考波段频谱输出以微调滤波器并降低信号噪声。 滤波器可用作相关光谱参考单元，DIAL LIDAR，设备校准以及预定或已知波段频谱是有用或期望的其它用途。

公开(公告)号：US06483973B1

公开(公告)日：2002-11-19

申请号：US09541040

申请日：2000-03-31

Applicant: David J Mazzarese ,  John D Prohaska ,  Malcolm Smith ,  Kanishka Tankala

Inventor： David J Mazzarese ,  John D Prohaska ,  Malcolm Smith ,  Kanishka Tankala

IPC: G02B622

CPC classification number: H01S3/06708 ,  C03B2201/10 ,  C03B2201/12 ,  C03B2201/28 ,  C03B2201/31 ,  C03B2201/34 ,  C03B2201/36 ,  C03B2203/12 ,  C03B2203/30 ,  H01S3/06729 ,  H01S3/1691

Abstract: The present invention provides an optical fiber for use in fiber lasers and amplifiers wherein the optical fiber has a core member surrounded by a cladding member for receiving pump energy and transferring the pump energy to the core member. The optical fiber also has an outer layer surrounding the cladding member. The cladding member has a circular exterior periphery and a predetermined refractive index (nc). The cladding member has an index modified region that directs light to the core member. The index modified region has a stress field portion with a predetermined refractive index (ns). The difference between the refractive index of the cladding member and that of the stress field portion (nc−ns) is within such a range that the stress field portion does not affect the polarization properties of the light traveling in the core member. Preferably, the difference between the refractive index of the cladding member and that of the stress field portion (nc−ns) is less than 10−4, and more preferably 10−5.

Abstract translation: 本发明提供一种用于光纤激光器和放大器的光纤，其中光纤具有由用于接收泵浦能量并将泵浦能量转移到核心部件的包层部件包围的芯部件。 光纤也具有围绕包层部件的外层。 包层部件具有圆形外周和预定折射率（nc）。 包层部件具有将光引导到芯部件的折射率改变区域。 折射率改变区域具有预定折射率（ns）的应力场部分。 包层部件的折射率与应力场部分的折射率之差（nc-ns）在应力场部分不影响在芯部件中行进的光的偏振特性的范围内。 优选地，包层部件的折射率与应力场部分的折射率之差（nc-ns）小于10-4，更优选为10-5。

公开(公告)号：US5351321A

公开(公告)日：1994-09-27

申请号：US963839

申请日：1992-10-20

Applicant: Elias Snitzer ,  John D. Prohaska

Inventor： Elias Snitzer ,  John D. Prohaska

IPC: G02B5/18 ,  G02B6/02 ,  G02B6/124

CPC classification number: G02B6/124 ,  G02B6/02138 ,  G02B6/02142 ,  G02B6/021

Abstract: A Bragg grating is made in an optical path composed of material exhibiting change in index when exposed to radiation of an actuating frequency by passing radiation from a source of such actuating frequency through a mask with periodic variation in transmission to expose the material of the path to a diffraction pattern.

Abstract translation: 布拉格光栅由光学路径制成，该光路由暴露于致动频率的辐射而变化的材料构成，该辐射通过使来自这种致动频率的源的辐射通过具有传输周期性变化的掩模，以将路径的材料暴露于 衍射图案。

公开(公告)号：US6052179A

公开(公告)日：2000-04-18

申请号：US59739

申请日：1998-04-14

Applicant: John D. Prohaska ,  Lothar U. Kempen ,  Robert A. Lieberman

Inventor： John D. Prohaska ,  Lothar U. Kempen ,  Robert A. Lieberman

IPC: G01B9/02 ,  G01D5/353

CPC classification number: G01D5/35335 ,  G01D5/35316

Abstract: A method of determining the wavelength of light transmitted in an optical fiber comprises the steps of filtering the light using a filter, and then detecting the filtered light, and then determining the wavelength of the filtered light. The filter comprises a fiber grating which is recorded in a portion of the optical fiber. The fiber grating preferably has a modulated index of refraction with a modulation amplitude that varies from a first end to a second end of the fiber grating, and a modulation period defined by a grating constant that varies from the first end to the second end of the fiber grating. The fiber grating at least partially prevents transmission of light within a wavelength spectrum, and prevents transmission of a substantially larger portion of the light at a first end of the wavelength spectrum than at a second end of the wavelength spectrum. Therefore, the wavelength of the filtered light can be determined by determining a proportion of the light which was transmitted by the filter. The proportion of light which is transmitted by the filter is preferably linearly related to the wavelength of the light.

Abstract translation: 确定在光纤中传输的光的波长的方法包括以下步骤：使用滤光片对光进行滤光，然后检测滤光，然后确定滤光的波长。 滤光器包括记录在光纤的一部分中的光纤光栅。 光纤光栅优选地具有从光纤光栅的第一端到第二端变化的调制幅度的调制折射率，以及由光栅常数变化的调制周期，该调制周期从第一端到第二端变化 光纤光栅。 光纤光栅至少部分地防止波长光谱中的光的透射，并且防止在波长光谱的第一端处的光的实质上较大部分的光在波长光谱的第二端的透射。 因此，可以通过确定由滤光器透射的光的比例来确定滤光光的波长。 由滤光器透射的光的比例优选与光的波长成线性关系。

公开(公告)号：US06208776B1

公开(公告)日：2001-03-27

申请号：US09057067

申请日：1998-04-08

Applicant: John D. Prohaska ,  Lothar U. Kempen ,  Robert A. Lieberman

Inventor： John D. Prohaska ,  Lothar U. Kempen ,  Robert A. Lieberman

IPC: G02B616

CPC classification number: G01L1/246 ,  G01D5/344 ,  G01D5/35383 ,  G01R33/0327 ,  G02B6/021 ,  G02B6/02109 ,  G02B6/02195 ,  G02B6/278 ,  G02B6/29319

Abstract: A sensor system comprises a broadband light source, a birefringent sensor, a detection circuit, and a signal processing unit. The preferred detection circuit further includes a variable frequency oscillator, a modulator, and a photodetector. The modulator modulates the output of the birefringent sensor with a modulation signal from the variable frequency oscillator. The modulation produces an interference signal having a variable interference frequency. By determining the frequency of the modulation signal from the variable frequency oscillator that minimizes the interference frequency, the detection system is able to determine the difference in frequency between first and second spectral components of the output of birefringent sensor. The detector may be constructed using entirely solid state optics/electronics. The preferred fiber grating sensor comprises a birefringent optical fiber having a cladding and a core. The cladding has first and second side holes formed therein that extend substantially parallel to the core, and that are substantially coextensively located with respect to each other along the length of the optical fiber. The first and second side holes are preferable positioned such that, in transverse cross section of the optical fiber, a first radial line that extends from the core to the first side hole is substantially perpendicular to a second radial line that extends from the core to the second side hole.

Abstract translation: 传感器系统包括宽带光源，双折射传感器，检测电路和信号处理单元。 优选的检测电路还包括可变频率振荡器，调制器和光电检测器。 调制器利用来自可变频率振荡器的调制信号来调制双折射传感器的输出。 调制产生具有可变干扰频率的干扰信号。 通过确定使干扰频率最小化的可变频率振荡器的调制信号的频率，检测系统能够确定双折射传感器的输出的第一和第二频谱分量之间的频率差。 检测器可以使用完全固态光学元件/电子元件构造。 优选的光纤光栅传感器包括具有包层和芯的双折射光纤。 包层具有形成在其中的第一和第二侧孔，其基本上平行于芯延伸，并且沿着光纤的长度相对于彼此基本共同设置。 第一和第二侧孔优选地定位成使得在光纤的横截面中，从芯延伸到第一侧孔的第一径向线基本上垂直于从芯延伸到第二侧孔的第二径向线 第二侧孔。

公开(公告)号：US6014215A

公开(公告)日：2000-01-11

申请号：US59872

申请日：1998-04-14

Applicant: Lothar U. Kempen ,  John D. Prohaska ,  Robert A. Lieberman

Inventor： Lothar U. Kempen ,  John D. Prohaska ,  Robert A. Lieberman

IPC: G01D5/26 ,  G01B9/02

CPC classification number: G01D5/266

Abstract: A fiber optic sensor system comprises an optical fiber, a first reflector and a second reflector. The first reflector provides a fixed reference for measuring the optical path length between the second reflector and a reference reflector. The first and second reflectors respectively receive first and second portions of light emitted by the optical fiber and then reflect the light back to the optical fiber. The optical path length between the first and second reflectors varies in accordance with a sensed parameter. In operation, first and second interferograms are acquired that are produced by the interference of light reflected from the first and second reflectors with light reflected from a reference reflector. The first and second interferograms are then used to determine an optical path length between first and second reflectors. Finally, the optical path length between the first and second reflectors is used to determine the value of the sensed parameter.

Abstract translation: 光纤传感器系统包括光纤，第一反射器和第二反射器。 第一反射器提供用于测量第二反射器和参考反射器之间的光程长度的固定参考。 第一和第二反射器分别接收由光纤发射的光的第一和第二部分，然后将光反射回光纤。 第一和第二反射器之间的光程长度根据感测参数而变化。 在操作中，获取由第一和第二反射器反射的光与从参考反射器反射的光的干涉产生的第一和第二干涉图。 然后使用第一和第二干涉图来确定第一和第二反射器之间的光程长度。 最后，使用第一和第二反射器之间的光程长度来确定感测参数的值。

公开(公告)号：US20130291427A1

公开(公告)日：2013-11-07

申请号：US13934207

申请日：2013-07-02

Applicant: John D. Prohaska

Inventor： John D. Prohaska

IPC: A01M1/02 ,  A01M1/10

CPC classification number: A01M1/023 ,  A01M1/10 ,  A01N59/04

Abstract: Disclosed and claimed herein is a device and method for generating carbon dioxide as an attractant for biting arthropods in combination with a trap, comprising: a reaction chamber charged with an aqueous acid solution when in use; a gas outlet from the reaction chamber connecting between the reaction chamber and the trap; a feeder reservoir containing a powder when in use, said powder comprising a bicarbonate salt; and means for controllably adding the powder to the reaction chamber; whereby carbon dioxide is generated in the reaction chamber, passed through the outlet and into the trap.

Abstract translation: 本文公开和要求保护的是一种用于产生二氧化碳作为引诱剂的装置和方法，所述引诱剂与捕获器结合用于咬节肢动物，包括：在使用时装入酸性水溶液的反应室; 来自反应室的气体出口连接在反应室和捕集器之间; 一种在使用中含有粉末的饲料容器，所述粉末包含碳酸氢盐; 以及用于将所述粉末可控地添加到所述反应室的装置; 由此在反应室中产生二氧化碳，通过出口进入捕集器。

公开(公告)号：US06201912B1

公开(公告)日：2001-03-13

申请号：US09434225

申请日：1999-11-05

Applicant: Lothar U. Kempen ,  John D. Prohaska ,  Robert A. Lieberman

Inventor： Lothar U. Kempen ,  John D. Prohaska ,  Robert A. Lieberman

IPC: G02B634

CPC classification number: G01L1/246 ,  G01D5/344 ,  G01D5/35383 ,  G01R33/0327 ,  G02B6/021 ,  G02B6/02109 ,  G02B6/02195 ,  G02B6/278 ,  G02B6/29319

Abstract: A sensor system comprises a broadband light source, a birefringent sensor, a detection circuit, and a signal processing unit. The preferred detection circuit further includes a variable frequency oscillator, a modulator, and a photodetector. The modulator modulates the output of the birefringent sensor with a modulation signal from the variable frequency oscillator. The modulation produces an interference signal having a variable interference frequency. By determining the frequency of the modulation signal from the variable frequency oscillator that minimizes the interference frequency, the detection system is able to determine the difference in frequency between first and second spectral components of the output of birefringent sensor. The detector may be constructed using entirely solid state optics/electronics. The preferred fiber grating sensor comprises a birefringent optical fiber having a cladding and a core. The cladding has first and second side holes formed therein that extend substantially parallel to the core, and that are substantially coextensively located with respect to each other along the length of the optical fiber. The first and second side holes are preferable positioned such that, in transverse cross section of the optical fiber, a first radial line that extends from the core to the first side hole is substantially perpendicular to a second radial line that extends from the core to the second side hole.