Abstract:
A lithographic apparatus (1) includes a vessel (5) that encloses a component (40) with a test surface (4) to be probed for contamination control; and an optical probe configured to transmit and receive an optical probing beam (2). The vessel (5) includes a first optical port (8) configured to transfer the optical probing beam (2) towards the test surface (4), and a second optical port (9) configured to receive a reflected optical probing beam (3). The optical probe includes a light source (10) configured to provide the optical probing beam (2), a polarization conditioner (11) configured to provide a predefined polarization state to the probing beam (2), and a spectral analyzer (12). The polarization conditioner (11) is preset to provide a minimal transmission for a minimal transmission wavelength, and the spectral analyzer (12) is arranged to detect a wavelength shift of the minimal transmission wavelength in response to a polarization change due to the presence of contamination.
Abstract:
A lithographic apparatus includes an illumination system configured to condition a beam of radiation, and a support structure configured to support a patterning device. The patterning device is configured to impart a pattern to the beam of radiation. The apparatus includes a patterning device cleaning system configured to provide an electrostatic force to contaminant particles that are on the patterning device and that are electrically charged by the beam of radiation, in order to remove the contaminant particles from the patterning device.
Abstract:
In an embodiment, a lithographic apparatus is disclosed that includes a modulator (102, 112) to modulate a plurality of beams according to a desired pattern and a donor structure (208) on to which the modulated beams impinge. The donor structure configured such that the impinging modulated beams cause a donor material to be transferred from the donor structure to a substrate (114).
Abstract:
In an embodiment, a lithographic apparatus is disclosed that includes a modulator configured to expose an exposure area of the substrate to a plurality of beams modulated according to a desired pattern and a projection system configured to project the modulated beams onto the substrate. The modulator includes a deflector to displace the plurality of beams with respect to an exposure area.
Abstract:
A lithographic apparatus configured to project a patterned beam of radiation onto a target portion of a substrate is disclosed. The apparatus includes a first radiation dose detector and a second radiation dose detector, each detector comprising a secondary electron emission surface configured to receive a radiation flux and to emit secondary electrons due to the receipt of the radiation flux, the first radiation dose detector located upstream with respect to the second radiation dose detector viewed with respect to a direction of radiation transmission, and a meter, connected to each detector, to detect a current or voltage resulting from the secondary electron emission from the respective electron emission surface.
Abstract:
A lithographic apparatus is disclosed. The lithographic apparatus includes a radiation source (SO) that produces EUV radiation, an illumination system (IL) that provides a beam of the EUV radiation produced by the radiation source, and a support structure (MT) that supports a patterning structure (MA). The patterning structure is configured to impart the beam of radiation with a pattern in its cross-section. The apparatus also includes a substrate support (WT) that supports a substrate (W), and a projection system (PL) that projects the patterned beam onto a target portion (C) of the substrate. The radiation source includes a debris-mitigation system (6, 7) that mitigates debris particles which are formed during production of EUV radiation. The debris-mitigation system is configured to provide additional particles (3) for interacting with the debris particles (2).
Abstract:
The invention relates to a composition for protecting an agricultural crop against external threats, such as weeds, pathogens, abiotic and biotic stresses and/or for improving the quality of the products produced by the crop, which composition comprises one or more poly-phenols and one or more other active ingredients. The other active ingredients may be natural crop protection compounds, metals, acids, all three optionally combined with each other and/or chemical . antimicrobial agents, or may be small particles of organic material, in particular of fibrous organic material, compounds that induce stress tolerance, compounds that stimulate wound repair and growth, or cellulose containing materials.
Abstract:
A lithographic apparatus includes a radiation source configured to produce a radiation beam, and a support configured to support a patterning device. The patterning device is configured to impart the radiation beam with a pattern to form a patterned radiation beam. A chamber is located between the radiation source and patterning device. The chamber contains at least one optical component configured to reflect the radiation beam, and is configured to permit radiation from the radiation source to pass therethrough. A membrane (44) is configured to permit the passage of the radiation beam, and to prevent the passage of contamination particles (54) through the membrane. A particle trapping structure (52) is configured to permit gas to flow along an indirect path from inside the chamber to outside the chamber. The indirect path is configured to substantially prevent the passage of contamination particles (58) from inside the chamber to outside the chamber.
Abstract:
A lithographic apparatus configured to project a patterned beam of radiation onto a target portion of a substrate is disclosed. The apparatus includes a first radiation dose detector (10A) and a second radiation dose detector (10B), each detector comprising a secondary electron emission surface (11) configured to receive a radiation flux and to emit secondary electrons due to the receipt of the radiation flux, the first radiation dose detector located upstream with respect to the second radiation dose detector viewed with respect to a direction of radiation transmission, and a meter (13), connected to each detector, to detect a current or voltage resulting from the secondary electron emission from the respective electron emission surface.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a process for the treatment of an agricultural product which comprises the addition of a composition which comprises phosphite and natamycin to the agricultural product wherein the composition comprises preferably less than 0.1 g lignosulphonate, more preferably less than 0.1 g polyphenol, per gram natamycin and is still more preferably free of lignosulphonate and most preferably free of polyphenol.