Abstract:
A process for the preparation of amines from primary or secondary alcohols and nitrogen compounds selected from the group consisting of ammonia and primary and secondary amines, at temperatures of from 80.degree. to 250.degree.C and pressures of from 1 to 400 bar using hydrogen in the presence of a zirconium/copper/nickel catalyst, wherein the catalytically active material contains from 20 to 85wt% ofoxygen-containing zirconium compounds, calculated as ZrO2, from 1 to 30wt% of oxygen-containing compounds of copper, calculated as cuO, from 30 to 70 wt% of oxygen-containing compounds of nickel, calculated as NiO, from 0.1 to 5wt% of oxygen-containing compounds of molybdenum, calculated as MoO3 and from 0 to 10 wt% the oxygen-containing compounds of aluminum and/or manganese, calculated as AI203 or MnO2 respectively. It is preferred to prepare amines of the general formula I ( 1), in which R1 and R2 denote hydrogen, C1-C20alkyl, C3-C12cycloalkyl, aryl, C7-C20 aralkyl und C7-C20 alkylaryl or together form (CH2)1-X-(CH2)m' R3 and R4 denote hydrogen, C1-C200 alkyl, C3-C12 cycloalkyl, C1-C20 hydr oxyalkyl, C1-C20alkyl substituted by amino and/or hydroxy, C2-c30 alkoxyalkyl, R5-(OCR?R7CR8R9)"-(OCR6R7), aryl, C7-C20 aralkyl, C7-C20 alkylaryl, (R5)2N-(CH2)q and Y-(CH2)m-NR5-(CH2)q or together form (CH2)?-x-(CH2)m or R2 and R4 together form (CH2)l-x-(CH2)m, R5 denotes hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, or C12-C40 alkylphenyl, R6, R7, R8, and R9 denote hydrogen, methyl, or ethyl, R10 denotes hydrogen or C1-C4 alkyl, ____________________________________________________________________________ 23 X denotes CH2, oxygen, or N-R6, Y denotes N(R5)2, hydroxy, C2-C20 alkylaminoalkyl or C3-C20 dialkylaminoalkyl, n is an integer from 1 to 30, ? is an integer from 2 to 4, m and q are integers from 1 to 4, from primary or secondary alcohols of the general formula II R4 CHR3-OH (II), and nitrogen compounds of the general formula III (III), in which R1, R2, and R3 and R4 have the aforementioned meanings. ________________________________________________________________________ 24
Abstract:
: A process for the oxidation of ammonium ions and organic carbon in wastewaters containing ammonium ions and organic carbon by means of nitric acid at from 100 to 350.degree.C, wherein the molar ratio between organic carbon and ammonium nitrogen is adjusted to a value in the range from 0.3:1 to 4:1 by addition of organic carbon or ammonium nitrogen.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a method of preparing amines of general formula (I), in which R , R , R , R , R and R are hydrogen, C1-C20 alkyl, C2-C20 alkenyl, C2-C20 alkinyl, C3-C20 cycloalkyl, C4-C20 alkylcycloalkyl, C4-C20 cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, C7-C20 alkylaryl or C7-C20 aralkyl, R and R together form a saturated or unsaturated C3-C9 alkylene di-chain and R or R is C21-C200 alkyl or C21-C200 alkenyl or R and R together form a C2-C12 alkylene di-chain, by reacting olefins of general formula (II), in which R , R , R and R are as defined above, with ammonia or primary or secondary amines of general formula (III), in which R and R are as defined above, at temperatures of 200 to 350 DEG C and pressures of 100 to 300 bar in the presence of a zeolite catalyst, a boron beta -zeolite being used as the catalyst.
Abstract:
Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen Herstellung von 2-Pyrrolidon durch Umsetzung von gamma-Butyrolacton mit Ammoniak in der Flüssigphase in Gegenwart von Wasser, wobei man die Umsetzung bei einer Temperatur von 275 bis 300 °C und einem Absolutdruck von 140 bis 180 bar durchführt.
Abstract:
A process for the preparation of amines from primary or secondary alcohols a nd nitrogen compounds selected from the group consisting of ammonia and primary and secondary amines, at temperatures of from 80.degree. to 250.degree.C and pressures of from 1 to 400 bar using hydrogen in the presence of a zirconium/copper/nicke l catalyst, wherein the catalytically active material contains from 20 to 85 w t% of oxygen-containing zirconium compounds. calculated as ZrO2, from 1 to 30 wt% of oxygen-containing compounds of copper, calculated as CuO, from 30 to 70 wt% of oxygen-containing compounds of nickel, calculated as NiO, from 0.1 to 5 wt% of oxygen-containing compounds of molybdenum, calculated as MoO3 and from 0 to wt% the oxygen-containing compounds of aluminum and/or manganese, calculated as Al2O3 or MnO2 respectively. It is preferred to prepare amines of the general formula I (see formula I) in which R1 and R2 denote hydrogen, C1-C20 alkyl, C3-C12 cycloalkyl, aryl, C7-C2 0 aralkyl and C7-C20 alkylaryl or together form (CH2)l-X-(CH2)m, R3 and R4 denote hydrogen, C1-C200 alkyl, C3-C12 cycloalkyl, C1-C20 hydroxyalkyl, C1-C20 alkyl substituted by amino and/or hydroxy, C2-C30 alkoxyalkyl, R5-(OCR6R7CR8R9)n-(OCR6R7), aryl, C7-C20 aralkyl, C7-C20 alkylaryl, (R5)2N-(CH2)q and Y-(CH2)m-NR5-(CH2)q ortogether form (CH2)l-X-(CH2)m or R2 and R4 together form (CH2)l-X-(CH2)m, R5 denotes hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, or C12-C40 alkylphenyl, R6, R7, R8, and R9 denote hydrogen, methyl, or ethyl, R10 denotes hydrogen or C1-C4 alkyl, X denotes CH2, oxygen, or N-R6, Y denotes N(R5)2, hydroxy, C2-C20 alkylaminoalkyl or C3-C20 dialkylaminoalkyl, n is an integer from 1 to 30, l is an integer from 2 to 4, m and q are integers from 1 to 4, from primary or secondary alcohols of the general formula II R4 - CHR3 - OH (II), and nitrogen compounds of the general formula III (see formula III) in which R1, R2, and R3 and R4 have the aforementioned meanings.
Abstract:
Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen Herstellung von N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidon (NMP) durch Umsetzung von gamma-Butyrolacton (GBL) mit Monomethylamin (MMA) in der Flüssigphase, wobei man GBL und MMA im Molverhältnis von 1 : 1,08 bis 1 : 2 einsetzt und die Umsetzung bei einer Temperatur von 320 bis 380°C und einem Absolutdruck von 70 bis 120 bar durchführt.
Abstract:
A process is disclosed for producing amines of general formula (I) in which: R , R , R , R , R , R stand for hydrogen, C1-C20-alkyl, C2-C20-alkenyl, C2-C20-alkinyl, C3-C20-cycloalkyl, C4-C20-alkyl-cycloalkyl, C4-C20-cycloalkyl-alkyl, aryl, C7-C20 alkylaryl or C7-C20-aralkyl; R and R together represent a saturated or unsaturated C3-C9 alkylene di-chain; and R or R stand for C21-C200-alkyl, C21-C200-alkenyl or together stand for a C2-C12 alkylene di-chain. The process involves reacting the olefins of general formula (II), in which R , R , R , R have the above meanings, with ammonia or primary or secondary amines of general formula (III), in which R and R have the above meanings, at temperatures of 200-350 DEG C and pressures of 100-300 bar in the presence of a heterogenous catalyst in the form of zeoliths of type SSZ-26, SSZ-33, CIT-1 or mixtures thereof.
Abstract:
A process is disclosed for the selective hydrogenation of butine-2-diol(1,4) to butene-2-diol(1,4) using a palladium catalyst to which copper and zinc or silver and zinc are added as doping agents. In the preferred embodiment, it has been possible, by optimizing the composition of the catalyst, to improve the activity and selectivity of the catalysts in question while also eliminating the need to handle toxic substances during the catalyst manufacturing process.