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    NEXT HOP CHAINING FOR FORWARDING DATA IN A NETWORK SWITCHING DEVICE
    2.
    发明申请
    NEXT HOP CHAINING FOR FORWARDING DATA IN A NETWORK SWITCHING DEVICE 有权
    用于在网络切换设备中转发数据的下一个HOP链接

    公开(公告)号：US20110280245A1

    公开(公告)日：2011-11-17

    申请号：US13192216

    申请日：2011-07-27

    Applicant: Kaushik GHOSH ,  Kireeti Kompella ,  Siva Gaggara ,  Nitin Kumar ,  Steven Lin

    Inventor： Kaushik GHOSH ,  Kireeti Kompella ,  Siva Gaggara ,  Nitin Kumar ,  Steven Lin

    IPC: H04L12/28 ,  H04L12/56

    CPC classification number: H04L45/745 ,  H04L12/4633 ,  H04L45/02 ,  H04L45/50

    Abstract: A route for a data unit through a network may be defined based on a number of next hops. Exemplary embodiments described herein may implement a router forwarding table as a chained list of references to next hops. In one implementation, a device includes a forwarding table that includes: a first table configured to store, for each of a plurality of routes for data units in a network, a chain of links to next hops for the routes; and a second table configured to store the next hops. The device also includes a forwarding engine configured to assemble the next hops for the data units based on using the chain of links in the first table to retrieve the next hops in the second table and to forward the data units in the network based on the assembled next hops.

    Abstract translation: 可以基于下一跳的数量来定义通过网络的数据单元的路由。 本文描述的示例性实施例可以将路由器转发表实现为对下一跳的链接列表。 在一个实现中，设备包括转发表，其包括：第一表，被配置为针对网络中的数据单元的多个路由中的每一个存储到路由的下一跳的链路链路; 以及配置为存储下一跳的第二表。 所述设备还包括转发引擎，所述转发引擎被配置为基于使用所述第一表中的链路链来组合所述数据单元的下一跳，以检索所述第二表中的下一跳，并且基于所组合的转发所述网络中的数据单元 下一跳

    FILTER-BASED FORWARDING IN A NETWORK
    3.
    发明申请
    FILTER-BASED FORWARDING IN A NETWORK 有权
    基于过滤器的网络转发

    公开(公告)号：US20110007743A1

    公开(公告)日：2011-01-13

    申请号：US12878849

    申请日：2010-09-09

    Applicant: Ken KUWABARA ,  Steven Lin ,  Michael Langdon

    Inventor： Ken KUWABARA ,  Steven Lin ,  Michael Langdon

    IPC: H04L12/56

    CPC classification number: H04L45/00 ,  H04L45/50 ,  H04L45/54 ,  H04L69/22

    Abstract: A router receives a packet at an ingress interface. The router classifies the received packet based on at least a first field value contained in the header of the packet. According to the classification of the received packet, the router associates one of the plurality of forwarding tables to the packet. The router then performs a lookup operation in the associated forwarding table according to at least a second field value contained in the header of the packet. Based on the lookup operation, the router determines an egress interface and transmits the received packet from the determined egress interface.

    Abstract translation: 路由器在入口接口接收数据包。 所述路由器至少基于所述分组报头中包含的第一字段值对接收到的分组进行分类。 根据接收到的分组的分类，路由器将多个转发表中的一个与该分组相关联。 然后，路由器根据分组头部中的至少第二字段值在相关联的转发表中执行查找操作。 基于查找操作，路由器确定出口接口并从确定的出口接口发送接收的分组。

    System and Method for Updating State Information in a Router
    4.
    发明申请
    System and Method for Updating State Information in a Router 审中-公开
    更新路由器状态信息的系统和方法

    公开(公告)号：US20090037601A1

    公开(公告)日：2009-02-05

    申请号：US11833696

    申请日：2007-08-03

    Applicant: Amit Jain ,  Steven Lin ,  Sriram Raghunathan ,  Sandeep Jain

    Inventor： Amit Jain ,  Steven Lin ,  Sriram Raghunathan ,  Sandeep Jain

    IPC: G06F15/173

    CPC classification number: H04L12/66

    Abstract: Systems and methods consistent with the present invention enable routing table updates are performed by optimally utilizing the resources of a node without exceeding the resources of the node. Using feedback on the amount of resources available to the nodes, such as in terms of available memory, the node may make new connections before breaking old one where those updates will not exceed available resources. This is referred to as make-before-break. When not enough resources are available, the node will break old connections before making new ones. This is referred to as break-before-make. Unlike the strict make-before-break and break-before-make models, this “loose” make-before-break method considers the amount of available resources in view of the resources required to perform the routing table updates without a node failure. Routes may also be tagged to prioritize the addition of more important routes and the deletion of less significant routes. Methods and systems consistent with the present invention, therefore, provide a routing table update method with which routing table updates are achieved without crashing and at the same time minimizing black hole intervals.

    Abstract translation: 与本发明一致的系统和方法能够通过在不超过节点资源的情况下优化利用节点的资源来执行路由表更新。 使用关于可用于节点的资源量的反馈，例如在可用内存方面，节点可以在破坏旧的连接之前进行新的连接，其中这些更新将不超过可用资源。 这被称为前休假。 当没有足够的资源可用时，节点将在创建新连接之前破坏旧连接。 这被称为break-before-make。 与严格的make-before-break和break-before-make模型不同，这种“松散”的make-before-break方法考虑到执行路由表更新而没有节点失败所需的资源的可用资源量。 路由也可以被标记为优先考虑添加更重要的路由并删除较不重要的路由。 因此，与本发明一致的方法和系统提供路由表更新方法，通过该路由表更新方法实现路由表更新，而不会崩溃，同时最小化黑洞间隔。

    Routing protocol failover between control units within a network router
    5.
    发明授权
    Routing protocol failover between control units within a network router 有权
    在网络路由器内的控制单元之间路由协议故障切换

    公开(公告)号：US07417947B1

    公开(公告)日：2008-08-26

    申请号：US11029271

    申请日：2005-01-05

    Applicant: Pedro R. Marques ,  Steven Lin

    Inventor： Pedro R. Marques ,  Steven Lin

    IPC: H04L1/00

    CPC classification number: H04L45/00 ,  H04L45/22 ,  H04L45/28 ,  H04L45/58 ,  H04L45/60

    Abstract: A device includes a primary control unit and a standby control unit. The standby control unit records routing communications exchanged between the primary control unit and an external routing device in accordance with a routing protocol. A standby routing process executing on the standby control unit processes the recorded routing communications when the primary control unit fails. The standby routing process generates state information for executing the routing protocol on the standby control unit without requiring that routing sessions be reestablished with the external routing device.

    Abstract translation: 设备包括主控制单元和备用控制单元。 备用控制单元根据路由协议记录在主控制单元和外部路由设备之间交换的路由通信。 在主控制单元发生故障时，在待机控制单元上执行的备用路由处理处理记录的路由通信。 备用路由处理生成用于在备用控制单元上执行路由协议的状态信息，而不需要与外部路由设备重新建立路由会话。

    Method to reduce Rs pattern dependence effect
    6.
    发明授权
    Method to reduce Rs pattern dependence effect 有权
    减少Rs模式依赖效应的方法

    公开(公告)号：US07208404B2

    公开(公告)日：2007-04-24

    申请号：US10687183

    申请日：2003-10-16

    Applicant: Jung-Chih Tsao ,  Chi-Wen Li ,  Kei-Wei Chen ,  Jye-Wei Hsu ,  Hsien-Pin Fong ,  Steven Lin ,  Ray Chuang

    Inventor： Jung-Chih Tsao ,  Chi-Wen Li ,  Kei-Wei Chen ,  Jye-Wei Hsu ,  Hsien-Pin Fong ,  Steven Lin ,  Ray Chuang

    IPC: H01L21/4763

    CPC classification number: H01L21/76877 ,  H01L21/288 ,  H01L21/7684

    Abstract: A method of forming a copper interconnect in an opening within a pattern is described. The copper interconnect has an Rs that is nearly independent of opening width and pattern density. A first copper layer having a concave upper surface and thickness t1 is formed in a via or trench in a dielectric layer by depositing copper and performing a first CMP step. A second copper layer with a thickness t2 where t2≦t1 and having a convex lower surface is deposited on the first copper layer by a selective electroplating method. The first and second copper layers are annealed and then a second CMP step planarizes the second copper layer to become coplanar with the dielectric layer. The invention is also a copper interconnect comprised of the aforementioned copper layers where the first copper layer has a grain density (GD1)≧GD2 for the second copper layer.

    Abstract translation: 描述了在图案内的开口中形成铜互连的方法。 铜互连具有几乎独立于开口宽度和图案密度的Rs。 通过沉积铜并执行第一CMP步骤，在电介质层中的通孔或沟槽中形成具有凹上表面和厚度t 1的第一铜层。 具有厚度为2 的第二铜层，其中具有凸下表面的第二铜层沉积在第一铜层上 通过选择性电镀方法。 对第一和​​第二铜层进行退火，然后第二CMP步骤将第二铜层平坦化成与电介质层共面。 本发明也是由上述铜层构成的铜布线，其中第一铜层具有第二铜层的晶粒密度（G SUB D1）= G D2 D2。

    Post ECP multi-step anneal/H2 treatment to reduce film impurity
    7.
    发明申请
    Post ECP multi-step anneal/H2 treatment to reduce film impurity 有权
    后期ECP多步退火/ H2处理以降低膜杂质

    公开(公告)号：US20060216930A1

    公开(公告)日：2006-09-28

    申请号：US11347946

    申请日：2006-02-06

    Applicant: Hsien-Ping Feng ,  Jung-Chih Tsao ,  Hsi-Kuei Cheng ,  Chih-Tsung Lee ,  Ming-Yuan Cheng ,  Steven Lin ,  Ray Chuang ,  Chi-Wen Liu

    Inventor： Hsien-Ping Feng ,  Jung-Chih Tsao ,  Hsi-Kuei Cheng ,  Chih-Tsung Lee ,  Ming-Yuan Cheng ,  Steven Lin ,  Ray Chuang ,  Chi-Wen Liu

    IPC: H01L21/4763

    CPC classification number: H01L21/76877 ,  H01L21/2885

    Abstract: A method of forming a copper interconnect in a dual damascene scheme is described. After a diffusion barrier layer and seed layer are sequentially formed on the sidewalls and bottoms of a trench and via in a dielectric layer, a first copper layer is deposited by a first ECP process at a 10 mA/cm2 current density to fill the via and part of the trench. A first anneal step is performed to remove carbon impurities and optionally includes a H2 plasma treatment. A second ECP process with a first deposition step at a 40 mA/cm2 current density and second deposition step at a 60 mA/cm2 current density is used to deposit a second copper layer that overfills the trench. After a second anneal step, a CMP process planarizes the copper layers. Fewer copper defects, reduced S, Cl, and C impurities, and improved Rc performance are achieved by this method.

    Abstract translation: 描述了在双镶嵌方案中形成铜互连的方法。 在扩散阻挡层和种子层依次形成在电介质层中的沟槽和通孔的侧壁和底部上之后，通过第一ECP工艺以10mA / cm 2 / >电流密度以填充通孔和部分沟槽。 进行第一退火步骤以除去碳杂质，并且任选地包括H 2 O 3等离子体处理。 使用在40mA / cm 2电流密度下的第一沉积步骤和以60mA / cm 2电流密度进行第二沉积步骤的第二个ECP工艺来沉积 第二铜层超过沟槽。 在第二退火步骤之后，CMP工艺使铜层平坦化。 通过该方法可以实现更少的铜缺陷，降低的S，Cl和C杂质，以及Rc性能的提高。

    Method for preventing voids in metal interconnects
    10.
    发明申请
    Method for preventing voids in metal interconnects 有权
    防止金属互连中空隙的方法

    公开(公告)号：US20050245064A1

    公开(公告)日：2005-11-03

    申请号：US10835315

    申请日：2004-04-28

    Applicant: Jung-Chih Tsao ,  Chi-Wen Liu ,  Si-Kua Cheng ,  Che-Tsao Wang ,  Steven Lin ,  Hsien-Ping Feng ,  Chen-Peng Fan

    Inventor： Jung-Chih Tsao ,  Chi-Wen Liu ,  Si-Kua Cheng ,  Che-Tsao Wang ,  Steven Lin ,  Hsien-Ping Feng ,  Chen-Peng Fan

    IPC: H01L21/00 ,  H01L21/4763 ,  H01L21/687 ,  H01L21/768

    CPC classification number: H01L21/68728 ,  H01L21/67109 ,  H01L21/68707 ,  H01L21/76877

    Abstract: A novel method for preventing the formation of voids in metal interconnects fabricated on a wafer, particularly during a thermal anneal process, is disclosed. The method includes fabricating metal interconnects between metal lines on a wafer. During a thermal anneal process carried out to reduce electrical resistance of the interconnects, the wafer is positioned in spaced-apart relationship to a wafer heater. This spacing configuration facilitates enhanced stabilility and uniformity in heating of the wafer by reducing the presence of particles on and providing a uniform flow of heated air or gas against and the wafer backside. This eliminates or at least substantially reduces the formation of voids in the interconnects during the anneal process.

    Abstract translation: 公开了一种用于防止在晶片上制造的金属互连中空隙形成的新方法，特别是在热退火工艺期间。 该方法包括在晶片上的金属线之间制造金属互连。 在进行用于降低互连的电阻的热退火工艺期间，晶片以与晶片加热器隔开的关系定位。 这种间隔结构通过减少加热的空气或气体抵靠和晶片背面的颗粒的存在而提高晶片加热的稳定性和均匀性。 这在退火过程中消除或至少基本上减少了互连件中空隙的形成。

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