Abstract:
A separator for an electrochemical cell includes a base layer configured to block electronic flow and allow ionic flow between a positive electrode and a negative electrode. The base layer has a first major surface and a second major surface. The separator further includes a layer of an exfoliatable material disposed on either or both of the first and second major surfaces. The layer of the exfoliatable material is provided on the base layer at an average thickness of between 1 and 500 nanometers. The layer of the exfoliatable material is binder-free.