Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a water-soluble polymer useful as an additive to cementitious compositions. SOLUTION: The water-soluble polymer is a water-soluble polymer of an ester made from acrylic acid and an alkylpolyalkylene glycol which can be obtained by azeotropic esterification of a mixture of acrylic acid and the alkylpolyalkylene glycol (in a molar ratio of 2 to 3:1) in the presence of at least 85 mass%, based on the alkylpolyalkylene glycol, of an organic solvent which forms an azeotrope with water, followed by free-radical polymerization, in an aqueous medium, of the mixture obtained during the esterification while azeotropically distilling off the organic solvent from the reaction mixture during this polymerization and returning the water removed by distillation to the reaction mixture or replacing the water by a feed of fresh water.
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a water-soluble polymer useful as an additive to a cementitious composition and its manufacturing method. SOLUTION: The water-soluble polymer of an ester comprises acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and an alkylpolyalkylene glycol and is obtained by subjecting a mixture of acrylic acid (A), methacrylic acid (B) and the alkylpolyalkylene glycol (C) having a moleclar weight (Mw ) of 350-4,000 to an azeotropic esterification in the presence of at least 85 mass%, based on the alkylpolyalkylene glycol (C), of an organic solvent forming an azeotropic mixture with water, subsequently free-radically polymeizing in an aqueous medium a mixture obtained during the esterification while removing the organic solvent during the polymerization by azeotropic distillation from the reaction mixture, and returning water removed by distillation to the mixture or feeding fresh water for replacement.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for electrolytically coating metalswith zinc or a zinc alloy. Matt surfaces are obtained by depositing zinc from an electrolyte solution containing a zinc salt selected from zinc sulphate or an alkane sulphate of zinc or mixtures thereof and optionally other metal salts, an acid selected from sulphuric acid or an alkane sulphonic acid or a mixture of both acids and at least one additive for improving surface roughness and for avoiding dendritic edge growth, selected from surface active compounds containing nitrogen which can be ionic or non-ionic, anionic surface active compounds containing nitrogen, and surface active compounds derived from multi-fuctional alcohols with at least three hydroxy groups. The invention also relates to an electrolytic composition for an electrolytically coating of metals with zinc or zinc alloys, in addition to the use of the above-mentioned additives for improving surface roughness and avoiding dentritic edge growth when metals are electrolytically coated with zinc or a zinc alloy in an electrolyte containing alkane sulphonic acid.
Abstract:
The invention relates to the use of homopolymers or copolymers of (meth)acrylic acid or copolymers of C 3 -C 40 monoolefins with ethylenically unsaturated C 4 -C 6 dicarboxylic acid anhydrides as additives in ceramic materials, especially in clay, in order to produce ceramic construction materials, such as bricks and roofing tiles as well as ceramic materials containing said additives.
Abstract:
The invention relates to the use of a mixture containing a surfactant and a cosurfactant in the form of an aqueous solution for flooding underground hydrocarbon fields in order to mobilise and extract hydrocarbons therefrom, wherein the cosurfactant is embodied in the form of a substance or the group of substances selected from an amphiphilic comb polymer comprising a backbone which is provided with two or more side chains which differ from each other and/or from the backbone in terms of the amphiphilic character thereof, the amphiphilic polymer comprises one or several hydrophobic sub-groups [A2] based on a polyisobutene block, wherein at least 50 Mol % of polyisobutene macromolecules have terminal double bonds and one or several hydrophobic sub-groups [A2] or an amphiphilic polymer of a general structural formula (I).
Abstract:
The invention relates to the spray condensation method for the production of dried resin in powder form made from melamine, urea or mixtures thereof and at least one aldehyde, whereby the morphology of the produced resin particles may be specifically influenced with regard to the particle parameters thereof.
Abstract:
Use of a mixture comprising a surfactant and a cosurfactant in the form of an aqueous solution for flooding underground deposits of hydrocarbons for mobilizing and recovering the hydrocarbons from the underground deposits, the cosurfactant being a substance or a group of substances selected from the following list: an amphiphilic comb polymer having a backbone with two or more side chains attached to the backbone, the side chains differing from one another and/or the side chains differing from the backbone in their amphiphilic character, an amphiphilic polymer having one or more hydrophobic subunits [A2] based on a polyisobutene block, at least 50 mol % of whose polyisobutene macromolecules have terminally arranged double bonds, and one or more hydrophilic subunits [B2], or an amphiphilic polymer having the general structural formula
Abstract:
Water soluble polymer comprising esters of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and alkylpolyalkyene glycols, is prepared by esterification followed by radical polymerization of the resulting mixture in an aqueous medium, whereby the organic solvent is azeotropically distilled off during the polymerization and recycled to the mixture or is replaced by the addition of fresh water. A water soluble polymer (I) comprising esters of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and alkylpolyalkyene glycols, is prepared by esterification of a mixture of acrylic acid (A), methacrylic acid (B) and an alkylpolyalkylene glycol (C) having a mol.wt. (Mw) of 350-4000 in a molar ratio of (A) to (C) of 0.1-4:1, a molar ratio of (B to (C) of 1-5:1 and molar ratio of the sum of (A) and (B) to (C) of 2-6:1, in the presence of an organic solvent that forms an azeotrope with water to at least 85 wt.% (w.r.t. (C)), followed by radical polymerization of the resulting mixture in an aqueous medium, whereby the organic solvent is azeotropically distilled off from the reaction mixture during the polymerization and the distilled water is recycled to the mixture or is replaced by the addition of fresh water.
Abstract:
The invention relates to the use of a mixture containing a surfactant and a cosurfactant in the form of an aqueous solution for flooding underground hydrocarbon fields in order to mobilise and extract hydrocarbons therefrom, wherein the cosurfactant is embodied in the form of a substance or the group of substances selected from an amphiphilic comb polymer comprising a backbone which is provided with two or more side chains which differ from each other and/or from the backbone in terms of the amphiphilic character thereof, the amphiphilic polymer comprises one or several hydrophobic sub-groups [A2] based on a polyisobutene block, wherein at least 50 Mol % of polyisobutene macromolecules have terminal double bonds and one or several hydrophobic sub- groups [A2] or an amphiphilic polymer of a general structural formula (I).