Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a water-soluble polymer useful as an additive to a cementitious composition and its manufacturing method. SOLUTION: The water-soluble polymer of an ester comprises acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and an alkylpolyalkylene glycol and is obtained by subjecting a mixture of acrylic acid (A), methacrylic acid (B) and the alkylpolyalkylene glycol (C) having a moleclar weight (Mw ) of 350-4,000 to an azeotropic esterification in the presence of at least 85 mass%, based on the alkylpolyalkylene glycol (C), of an organic solvent forming an azeotropic mixture with water, subsequently free-radically polymeizing in an aqueous medium a mixture obtained during the esterification while removing the organic solvent during the polymerization by azeotropic distillation from the reaction mixture, and returning water removed by distillation to the mixture or feeding fresh water for replacement.
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a catalyst which is suitable for the reaction of a carboxylic ester with an alkylene oxide and enables to produce a desired alkylpolyalkylene glycol carboxylate under a mild reaction condition without any undesirable byproduct formed. SOLUTION: The alkylpolyalkylene glycol carboxylate can be produced by a method comprising a process for reacting a carboxylic ester with an alkylene oxide in the presence of a multimetal cyanide compound as a catalyst represented by formula (I): M 2 M a [M (CN)b (A)c ]d fM g Xn mM p Yq h(H2 O)eLkP, for example, by formula (II): M Fe[Fe(CN)6 ]nH2 O [wherein M is a potassium ion (K ) or an ammonium ion (NH4 )]; and can be used as a raw material for a concrete fluidizing polymer.
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a water-soluble polymer useful as an additive to cementitious compositions. SOLUTION: The water-soluble polymer is a water-soluble polymer of an ester made from acrylic acid and an alkylpolyalkylene glycol which can be obtained by azeotropic esterification of a mixture of acrylic acid and the alkylpolyalkylene glycol (in a molar ratio of 2 to 3:1) in the presence of at least 85 mass%, based on the alkylpolyalkylene glycol, of an organic solvent which forms an azeotrope with water, followed by free-radical polymerization, in an aqueous medium, of the mixture obtained during the esterification while azeotropically distilling off the organic solvent from the reaction mixture during this polymerization and returning the water removed by distillation to the reaction mixture or replacing the water by a feed of fresh water.
Abstract:
The invention concerns mixtures of (I) polymers of monoethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids with a molecular weight of 200 to 5,000 and (II) (1) copolymers with a molecular weight of 10,000 to 150,000 consisting of (a) 10 to 70 % by wt. of monoethylenically unsaturated C4 to C8 dicarboxylic acids or salts thereof and (b) 30 to 90 % by wt. of monoethylenically unsaturated C3 to C10 monocarboxylic acids and/or salts thereof, (2) homopolymers and copolymers with a molecular weight of 1,000 to 500,00 consisting of monoethylenically unsaturated C3 to C10 monocarboxylic acids, (3) graft polymers with a molecular weight of 5,000 to 150,000 obtained by the radical-initiated graft polymerization of (A) monoethylenically unsaturated C3 to C10 carboxylic acids, their anhydrides and/or their salts in the presence of (B) mono-, oligo- or polysaccharides derivatives thereof, in the ratio by weight of A:B of (95 to 100):(5 to 80) and/or (4) polyaminocarboxylic acids and/or polymers containing aminocarboxylic groups, the mixtures containing components (I) and (II) in the ratio by weight of 10:0.5 to 0.5:10. The invention also concerns the use of such mixtures as additives in phosphate-free or phosphate-reduced textile-washing agents or as dispersants and deposit-prevention agents in cleaning agents for hard surfaces.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing alkylpolyalkylene glycol esters of monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids by esterifying (a) monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids with (b) polyalkylene glycols which are closed on one side by terminal groups, in a substance in the presence of polymerisation inhibitors and esterification catalysts at temperatures of 160 DEG C at the most. The esterification is first carried out at atmospheric pressure or at pressures of up to 50 bar, the water produced during the esterification is then distilled from the reaction mixture at a pressure of between 10 and 500 mbar, and the esterification is then continued at atmospheric pressure or at pressures of up to 50 bar.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for combined analysis of the hardening of hardenable liquid or viscous formulations, wherein (a) n hardenable formulations are provided in parallel in n containers, and (b) at least one degree of hardening is determined for each of the n formulations, wherein a measuring tip is inserted into the formulation with a determined amount of force and the maximum penetration depth thus obtained is taken as a measure of the degree of hardening of said formulations, and (c) one or several parameters characterizing the hardening kinetics are determined for a respective composition of the formulations from the measured values for the depths of penetration at various times after the production of the formulations . Preferably, steps (a) - (c) are carried out on several occasions and by analyzing the large number of individual values of the parameters characterizing the hardening characteristics thus obtained, it is possible to ascertain the dependency of the characteristic parameter(s) in relation to the composition of the formulations, whereupon the composition of the formulations can be optimized with regard to the hardening behavior thereof.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing water soluble polymers of esters from ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids and polyalkylene glycols by azeotropic esterification of ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids with polyalkylenglycols which are closed at one side by end groups. Esterification is performed in the presence of organic solvents which together with water form an azeotrope of at least 85 weight %. Subsequent radical polymerization is performed on the esters thus obtained thereby optionally together with other ethylenically unsaturated monomers in an aqueous medium. The organic solvent is azeotropically strip distilled out of the reaction mixture during the polymerization process and strip distilled water is reintroduced or the amount of water strip distilled out of the reaction mixture is replaced by adding fresh water.
Abstract:
The invention concerns the use of copolymers obtainable by the radical polymerisation of (a) 10 to 90 wt% hydrophobic monomers and (b) 90 to 10 wt% hydrophilic monomers as an additive to particulate detergent formulations to increase their rate of dissolution in water, in quantities of 0.1 to 10 wt% in relation to the detergent formulations.
Abstract:
The invention concerns the use of condensation products of aspartic acid, as well as the alkali-metal salts and ammonium salts of such condensation products, as deposit-prevention agents in the concentration of sugar juices.
Abstract:
Water soluble polymer comprising esters of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and alkylpolyalkyene glycols, is prepared by esterification followed by radical polymerization of the resulting mixture in an aqueous medium, whereby the organic solvent is azeotropically distilled off during the polymerization and recycled to the mixture or is replaced by the addition of fresh water. A water soluble polymer (I) comprising esters of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and alkylpolyalkyene glycols, is prepared by esterification of a mixture of acrylic acid (A), methacrylic acid (B) and an alkylpolyalkylene glycol (C) having a mol.wt. (Mw) of 350-4000 in a molar ratio of (A) to (C) of 0.1-4:1, a molar ratio of (B to (C) of 1-5:1 and molar ratio of the sum of (A) and (B) to (C) of 2-6:1, in the presence of an organic solvent that forms an azeotrope with water to at least 85 wt.% (w.r.t. (C)), followed by radical polymerization of the resulting mixture in an aqueous medium, whereby the organic solvent is azeotropically distilled off from the reaction mixture during the polymerization and the distilled water is recycled to the mixture or is replaced by the addition of fresh water.