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    Improvements in the autothermal cracking of hydrocarbons to cracked gas rich in olefins
    2.
    发明专利
    Improvements in the autothermal cracking of hydrocarbons to cracked gas rich in olefins 未知

    公开(公告)号：GB855903A

    公开(公告)日：1960-12-07

    申请号：GB3005359

    申请日：1959-09-03

    Applicant: BASF AG

    Inventor： EDER KURT ,  NONNENMACHER HELMUT ,  SCHMULDER PAUL

    IPC: B01J8/04 ,  C07C5/48

    Abstract: The cracking of gaseous or vaporisable hydrocarbons to gases rich in olefines, e.g. ethylene and propylene is effected autothermally and flamelessly in the presence of inert, nonporous, refractory, rigidly-arranged bodies in two stages, the preheated hydrocarbon being reacted in the first stage with insufficient oxygen for complete combustion, with or without the addition of steam, in the presence of copper and/or cobalt and/or compounds thereof coated on the inert bodies and in the second stage the remaining hydrocarbons being cracked in the presence of the inert bodies. Preferably a single reactor is used, the gases passing successively through three layers of inert bodies, the middle layer only having the catalyst coating. The bodies are preferably ceramic, e.g. porcelain, sillimanite or corundum balls of 20-100 mm diameter carrying 0,05-2% by weight of catalyst which may be activated with up to 0,5-5% of cerium. Steam may be added in amounts of 5-30% by volume of hydrocarbon and oxygen 10-40%. The hydrocarbon may be ethane, propane or butane or liquid hydrocarbons boiling in the range 40-200 DEG C. and may contain up to 30% by volume of olefines. The reactants may be preheated to 300-650 DEG C.

    4.
    发明专利
    未知

    公开(公告)号：FR1500050A

    公开(公告)日：1967-11-03

    申请号：FR65840

    申请日：1966-06-17

    Applicant: BASF AG

    Inventor： BUSCHMANN KARL ,  EDER KURT ,  SCHMULDER PAUL

    IPC: B01F23/10 ,  C01B3/36

    Abstract: 1,141,888. Making fuel gas. BADISCHE ANILIN- & SODA-FABRIK A.G. 17 June, 1966 [18 June, 1965], No. 27161/66. Heading C5E. An apparatus for mixing gaseous and vaporous hydrocarbons with air or oxygen, optionally with steam, for flameless catalytic partial combustion reactions, comprises inner and outer tubes 1, 7 respectively, a spindle 2 in the tube 1 carrying guide blades 3 and a member 4, and a mechanism 5 connected to the spindle 2 for axial adjustment thereof to enable the member 4 to regulate the outlet cross-section of the tube 1. The mechanism 5 may be automatically controlled, e.g. by a device 9 responsive to the pressure difference across the tubes 1, 7. Hydrocarbon is delivered by the tube 7, and air &c., with or without steam, by the tube 1, the amount of air &c. being thus controlled to match the richness of the hydrocarbon. The tubes 1, 7 lead to a diffuser 8 which communicates with a catalyst chamber.

    Flameless reaction of liquid hydrocarbons to form carbon monoxide and hydrogen
    7.
    发明专利
    Flameless reaction of liquid hydrocarbons to form carbon monoxide and hydrogen 未知

    公开(公告)号：GB1049749A

    公开(公告)日：1966-11-30

    申请号：GB3396863

    申请日：1963-08-28

    Applicant: BASF AG

    Inventor： BUSCHMANN KARL ,  EDER KURT ,  SCHMULDER PAUL

    IPC: C01B3/38

    Abstract: A process for making a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide comprises reacting vaporizable liquid hydrocarbons with amounts of oxygen insufficient for complete combustion over a platinum catalyst in a first stage and completing the reformation of the hydrocarbons by reaction with steam and carbon dioxide over a nickel catalyst in a second stage, the reaction mixture, prior to contacting the platinum catalyst, being passed through a layer of an inert granular material of poor thermal conductivity which is free from heavy metals and heavy metal compounds. Granular materials mentioned are ceramics, highly pored alumina, aluminium silicate, or blocks of porous magnesium oxide. The process is carried out in an apparatus similar to that described in Specification 834,595. Steam and/or carbon dioxide may be reacted in the first stage, e.g. after mixing with the hydrocarbons, e.g. light naphthas, and with the oxygen, and after the mixtures have been preheated, e.g. to 200 DEG to 400 DEG C. The steam and carbon dioxide required for the second stage are provided by the reaction in the first state.ALSO:A process for making a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide comprises reacting vaporizable liquid hydrocarbons with amounts of oxygen insufficient for complete combustion over a platinum catalyst in a first stage and completing the reformation of the hydrocarbons by reaction with steam and carbon dioxide over a nickel catalyst in a second stage, the reaction mixture, prior to contacting the platinum catalyst, being passed through a layer of an inert granular material of poor thermal conductivity which is free from heavy metals and heavy metal compounds. Granular materials mentioned are ceramics, highly pored alumina, aluminium silicate, or blocks of porous magnesium oxide. The process is carried out in an apparatus similar to that described in Specification 834,595. Steam and/or carbon dioxide may be reacted in the first stage, e.g. after mixing with the hydrocarbons (e.g. light naphthas), and with the oxygen, and after the initial materials have been preheated, e.g. to 200 DEG to 400 DEG C. The steam and carbon dioxide required for the second stage are provided by the reaction in the first stage.

    Production of fuel gas and synthesis gases
    9.
    发明专利
    Production of fuel gas and synthesis gases 未知

    公开(公告)号：GB972263A

    公开(公告)日：1964-10-14

    申请号：GB3414762

    申请日：1962-09-06

    Applicant: BASF AG

    Inventor： EDER KURT ,  SCHMULDER PAUL

    IPC: C01B3/30 ,  C01B3/38

    Abstract: A process for the production of fuel gases and synthesis gases by cracking gaseous and liquid hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas, in a heated fluidized bed, in the presence of catalysts containing Gp. 8 metals or compounds of the metals with or without the addition of steam and/or CO2, heat necessary for cracking being produced by partial combustion of the initial materials with the oxygen and/or oxygen-containing gases, wherein the catalyst is replenished by the introduction of a decomposable compound of the catalytically active metal into the fluidized bed. The catalyst may be nickel, cobalt, or platinum, and is preferably nickel or nickel compounds. Examples of the decomposable materials are nickel nitrates, carbonates and acetates in aqueous solution, and nickel carbonyl in alcoholic solution. These solutions may be sprayed into the beds through one or more nozzles with compressed nitrogen or gaseous hydrocarbons. The temperature may be between 700 DEG and 1000 DEG C. The fluidized bed may be of magnesite, sillimanite sand, or corundum sand, and the hydrocarbons and steam may be the fluidizing agent. A portion of the initial material may be precombusted with oxygen containing gas in a separate chamber and the resulting hot gases may be used as the fluidizing agent.

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