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    Catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons containing two to thirty carbon atoms
    1.
    发明专利
    Catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons containing two to thirty carbon atoms 未知

    公开(公告)号：GB1132865A

    公开(公告)日：1968-11-06

    申请号：GB1050866

    申请日：1966-03-10

    Applicant: BASF AG ,  METALLGESELLSCHAFT AG

    Inventor： HUPFER LEOPOLD ,  RALL WOLFGANG ,  TRIEBSKORN BRUNO ,  BARON GERHARD ,  GROSS HANS WERNER ,  EHRHARDT ERWIN

    IPC: C07C4/06 ,  C07C9/04

    Abstract: 1,132,865. Making combustible gas. BADISCHE ANILIN - & SODA - FABRIK A.G., and METALLGESELLSCHAFT A.G. 10 March, 1966 [11 March, 1965], No. 10508/66. Heading C5E. A cracked gas of high CH 4 content is made by cracking C 2 to C 30 hydrocarbons with steam at atmospheric or superatmospheric pressure at a temperature of from 350‹ to 550‹ C. The catalyst comprises 35 to 50% b.w. Ni, a carrier material, e.g. alumina, magnesia, zirconium dioxide or titanium dioxide, and an hydraulic binder, e.g. calcium aluminate, and the inner surface area of the catalyst must be at least 15 m 2 /gm. An alkali metal compound or a chromium compound may be added to the carrier. Pressures up to 100 atmos. are mentioned, but 20 to 60 atmos. are preferred, and catalyst surface areas up to 200 m 2 /gm are mentioned, with 15 to 40 preferred. The cracked gas may be further catalytically cracked at above 550‹ C. to increase the H 2 content, or at below 350‹ C. to increase the CH 4 content, and the initial cracked gas may be mixed with a cracked gas rich in H 2 and CO to provide town's gas. Three specific examples are described, in one of which, see Fig. (not shown), steam at 500‹ C. enters at (4) a reactor (1) to heat catalyst-filled tubes (2) externally, the steam leaving at (5) for delivery to a line (6) through which a mixture of desulphurized gasoline and hydrogen is delivered to the tubes (2). Examples of feedstocks are given.

    Catalytic Cracking of Hydrocarbons containing Two to Thirty Carbon Atoms
    7.
    发明专利
    Catalytic Cracking of Hydrocarbons containing Two to Thirty Carbon Atoms 未知

    公开(公告)号：GB1150437A

    公开(公告)日：1969-04-30

    申请号：GB1918466

    申请日：1966-05-02

    Applicant: BASF AG

    Inventor： HUPPER LEOPOLD ,  NONNENMACHER HELMUT ,  RALL WOLFGANG ,  TRIEBSKORN BRUNO

    IPC: C01B3/38

    Abstract: 1,150,437. Making combustible gas. BADI. SCHE ANILIN- & SODA-FABRIK A.G. 2 May, 1966 [3 May, 1965; 31 Dec., 1965], No. 19184/66. Heading C5E. Hydrogen-rich gas is produced by cracking vaporizable hydrocarbon mixtures with steam at elevated temperature and at atmospheric or super-atmospheric pressure in two catalytic stages in series. The first catalyst comprises Ni or Co, a carrier material, and at least 0À5% by weight (calculated as oxide) of an alkali metal compound; the second catalyst comprises Ni which contains less than 0À5% by weight (oxide basis) alkali metal compound. Temperatures are 350‹ to 650‹ C. for the first stage and 550‹ to 950‹ C. for the second. Pt or Pd may be included in the first catalyst, and the carrier for both catalysts is magnesium oxide with or without alumina to which zirconium dioxide may be added. Suitable alkali metal compounds are the oxides, hydroxides, nitrates and carbonates and preferred percentages of all catalyst components are given, along with preferred temperatures, pressures, steam ratios and space velocities. The first catalyst may include an hydraulic binder or be calcined. The feed may be gasolines (boiling range 30‹ to 200‹ C,) or higher boiling fractions (up to C 30 ) if desulphurized. Three specific examples are described, in which the second stage follows immediately after the first in a common tube, and the alkali metal is potassium.

    Catalytic cracking of gaseous and/or vaporisable hydrocarbons containing two to thirty carbon atoms
    8.
    发明专利
    Catalytic cracking of gaseous and/or vaporisable hydrocarbons containing two to thirty carbon atoms 未知

    公开(公告)号：GB1118939A

    公开(公告)日：1968-07-03

    申请号：GB4672565

    申请日：1965-11-04

    Applicant: BASF AG

    Inventor： HUPFER LEOPOLD ,  NONNENMACHER HELMUT ,  RALL WOLFGANG ,  TRIEBSKORN BRUNO

    IPC: C01B3/40 ,  C10G11/02

    Abstract: A process for cracking gaseous and liquid vaporizable hydrocarbons having 2 to 30 C atoms per molecule employing steam at temperatures above 550 DEG C. utilizes a catalyst comprising cobalt, a carrier material, and an alkali metal compound in an amount at least 0.5% and not more than 10% b.w., calculated as oxide. The carrier may be MgO, or MgO mixed with Al2O3, and ZrO2 may be added. An hydraulic binder, e.g. 15 to 30% b.w., may be included, e.g. calcium aluminate. The cobalt comprises 1 to 40% b.w., preferably 3 to 20% b.w. of the catalyst, which may be calcined. Reaction temperatures up to 950 DEG C. are mentioned, and the pressure may be superatmospheric. The alkali metal is preferably potassium and may be the oxide, hydroxide, nitrate, carbonate, phosphate or sulphate. The catalyst may comprise a preliminary layer only, a catalyst comprising non-alkalized Co or Ni being located at the reactor outlet. Suitable feedstocks are gasolines (B.R. 30 DEG to 200 DEG C.), gas oils of B.R. 165 DEG to 360 DEG C., and gaseous hydrocarbons, which may contain up to 90 vol. per cent unsaturates. Three specific examples are described, in which H2-, CO-containing gas is made.ALSO:Catalysts for cracking hydrocarbons, see Division C5, consisting of cobalt, magnesium oxide (with or without alumina) as carrier, and an alkali metal compound, are made as follows:-magnesium oxide is introduced into a cobalt nitrate solution, and the precipitated cobalt hydroxide is dried and roasted at 650 DEG to 700 DEG C; calcium aluminate cement and water are added, and the mixture shaped; finally, the shaped material is impregnated with potassium carbonate solution and the catalyst calcined at 600 DEG C. In a modified process, g -alumina is added to the roasting material prepared as described above, and this mixture is shaped and then calcined at 1400 DEG to 1450 DEG C prior to impregnation with potassium carbonate solution. In another example, cobalt oxide and magnesium oxide are calcined at 1300 DEG C and then impregnated with potassium carbonate solution. All the catalysts are reduced in reaction tubes prior to being used for cracking.

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