Abstract:
A catalyst comprising at least one nickel(O) complex which comprises at least one mono-, bi- or multidentate phosphonite ligand of the formula Ior salts and mixtures thereof, is prepared as described, and the catalysts are used to prepare mixtures of monoolefinic C5 mononitriles with nonconjugated C=C and C=N bonds by catalytic hydrocyanation of butadiene or of a 1,3-butadiene-containing hydrocarbon mixture in the presence of a catalyst of this type.
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To produce a cyanoacetic acid ester useful as an intermediate for producing an effective substance, an active substance such as caffeine, or a photoprotective substance advantageously on an industrial scale by reacting a corresponding monochloroacetic acid ester with hydrogen cyanide in the presence of a specific base. SOLUTION: A corresponding monochloroacetic acid ester is made to react with hydrogen cyanide in the presence of a basic compound (the amount of the base is commonly 50-300 mol.% based on the monochloroacetic acid ester) selected from a group consisting of tertiary amines (e.g. trialkylamine), salts of carbonic acid (e.g. an alkali metal carbonate), salts of a carbonic acid half ester) (e.g. an alkali metal alkylcarbonic acid salt), salts of a carboxylic acid (e.g. an alkali metal carboxylate), amidines (e.g. peralkylated amidine or a bicyclic amidine), guanidines (e.g. peralkylated guanidine) and aromatic N- heterocyclic compounds (e.g. pyridine) generally at -78 deg.C to 20 deg.C under 0.05-2 MPa for 10 min to 2 hr or more.
Abstract:
A PROCESS FOR PREPARING MIXTURES OF MONOOLEFINIC C5 MONONITRILES WITH NONCONJUGATED C=C AND C_N BONDS BY CATALYTIC HYDROCYANATION OF 1,3-BUTADIENE OR A 1,3-BUTADIENE-CONTAINING HYDROCARBON MIXTURE, WHEREIN THE HYDROCYANATION TAKES PLACE IN THE PRESENCE OF A CATALYST WHICH COMPRISES AT LEAST ONE METALLOCENE-PHOSPHORUS(III)-NICKEL(0) COMPLEX WHICH COMPRISES AT LEAST ONE MONODENTATE OR BIDENTATE METALLOCENE-PHOSPHORUS(III) LIGAND OF THE FORMULA I OR SALTS AND MIXTURES THEREOF.
Abstract:
New phosphites (I), with alkylaryl, arylaryl and/or condensed aryl groups, have 1, 2 or 3 o-substituted and optionally 1 or 2 m- and/or p-substituted aryl groups. New phosphites of formula (I), with alkylaryl, arylaryl and/or condensed aryl groups, have 1, 2 or 3 o-substituted and optionally 1 or 2 m- and/or p-substituted aryl groups; P(O-R 1>)(O-R 2>) y(O-R 3>) z(O-R 4>) p (I) R 1>an aromatic group with a 1-18 carbon (C) alkyl, an aromatic substituent or a condensed aromatic system in the o-position to the oxygen (O) atom linking the phosphorus (P) atoms to the aromatic system; R 2>a similar aromatic group substituted in the m-position; R 3>a similar aromatic group substituted in the p-position; R 4>an aromatic group with a different substituent in the o-, m- or p-position and a hydrogen (H) atom in the o-position; x : 1 or 2; y, z, p : 0, 1 or 2; (x+y+z+p) : 3 Independent claims are also included for: (a) new transition metal complexes (II) with (I) as ligand; (b) the preparation of (I); (c) the preparation of (II); (d) the addition of hydrogen cyanide to an olefinic double bond in the presence of (II) as catalyst; and (e) the isomerization of organic nitriles in the presence of (II) as catalyst.
Abstract:
The invention relates to phosphites of the formula (I) P (O-R1)x (O-R2)y (O- R3)z (O-R4)p where R1= an aromatic group with a C1-C18-alkyl substituent ort ho to the O atom, or an aromatic substituent ortho to the O atom, or a fused aromatic system ortho to the O atom; R2= an aromatic group with a C1-C18 alk yl substituent meta to the O atom, or an aromatic substituent meta to the O ato m, or a fused aromatic system meta to the O atom, whereby the aromatic residue ortho to the O atom has a hydrogen atom; R3 = an aromatic group with a C1-C1 8 alkyl substituent para to the O atom, or an aromatic substituent para to the O atom, whereby the aromatic group ortho to the O atom has a hydrogen atom; R4 = an aromatic group with substituents ortho, meta and para to the o atom which are different to those defined for R1, R2 and R3, whereby the aromatic group ortho to the O atom has a hydrogen atom; x = 1 or 2; y, z and p, independent of each other = 0, 1 or 2 with the proviso, that x+y+z+p =3.
Abstract:
A catalyst which comprises at least one complex of a metal of subgroup VIII having at least one bidentate phosphonite ligand of the formula Ior salts and mixtures thereof, a process for the preparation of mixtures of monoolefinic C5-mononitriles, a process for the catalytic isomerization of branched aliphatic monoalkenenitriles and a process for the preparation of adiponitrile.
Abstract:
A process for preparing mixtures of monoolefinic C5 mononitriles with nonconjugated C=C and C=N bonds by catalytic hydrocyanation of 1,3-butadiene or a 1,3-butadiene-containing hydrocarbon mixture, wherein the hydrocyanation takes place in the presence of a catalyst which comprises at least one metallocene-phosphorus(III)-nickel(0) complex which comprises at least one monodentate or bidentate metallocene-phosphorus(III) ligand of the formula Ior salts and mixtures thereof.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing mixtures of monoolefinic C5mononitriles with non-conjugated C=C- and CN bonding by means of the catalytic hydrocyanation of 1,3-butadiene or of a hydrocarbon mixture containing 1,3butadiene, characterised in that the hydrocyanation takes place in the presence of a catalyst containing at least one metallocene phosphor (III)nickel-(0) complex, said complex containing at least one monodentate or bidentate metallocene phosphor (III) ligand of general formula (I), or salts or mixtures thereof.
Abstract:
The disclosure is a process for preparing mixtures of monoolefinic C5 mononitriles having nonconjugated C=C- and C=N bonding by catalytic hydrocyanation of a hydrocarbon mixture containing 1,3-butadiene, by first diminishing the proportion of those components in the hydrocarbon mixture which impair the catalytic hydrocyanation and then subjecting the resulting mixture to catalytic hydrocyanation.