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    Production of hydrogen
    1.
    发明专利
    Production of hydrogen 未知

    公开(公告)号：GB1085717A

    公开(公告)日：1967-10-04

    申请号：GB4933564

    申请日：1964-12-04

    Applicant: BASF AG

    Inventor： KRABETZ RICHARD ,  LANGER JOHANN ,  KROME HELMUT

    IPC: B01J23/86 ,  C01B3/16 ,  H01L23/31

    Abstract: Hydrogen is produced by reaction of carbon monoxide or gases containing carbon monoxide with steam at below 250 DEG C. in contact with catalysts prepared by coprecipitation of a sparingly water-soluble or insoluble compounds of, copper and aluminium together with chromium compounds and/or manganese compounds or by precipitation of compounds of copper and chromium and/or manganese on to an oxide or hydroxide of aluminium and subsequent reduction at below 250 DEG C., and in which the weight ratio of copper to aluminium is from 1:1 to 20:1. The gas to be converted may be obtained from the cracking o gaseous or liquid hydrocarbons and the conversion may be at 160-200 DEG C. at atmospheric or super-atmospheric pressure, e.g. at 5-35 atmospheres. The catalysts may have weight ratio of copper to chromium and/or manganese from 100:0.5 to 100:24. When the insoluble compounds are precipitated on the aluminium compound an aqueous suspension of aluminium hydroxide gel which has been freshly precipitated with ammonia may be used. Coprecipitation may be carried out by adding a solution of say the nitrates, sulphates or chlorides of copper and aluminium together with chromium and/or manganese to a strongly diluted solution of alkali metal hydroxide or carbonate or ammonia or ammonium carbonate at 15-95 DEG C. or by precipitation at constant pH by adding the reactants uniformly to the reactor. The precipitate is washed and dried at 105-200 DEG C. and may be calcined say at 650 DEG C. The catalyst may be pelleted or extruded before or after calcination and subsequently reduced by heating to 130-200 DEG C. in a gas containing carbon monoxide, e.g. the gas to be used in the conversion reaction.ALSO:Catalysts for the reaction of carbon monoxide or gases containing carbon monoxide with steam at below 250 DEG C are prepared by coprecipitation of a sparingly water-soluble or insoluble compounds of copper and aluminium together with chromium compounds and/or manganese compounds or by precipitation of compounds of copper and chromium and/or manganese onto an oxide or hydroxide of aluminium and subsequent reduction at below 250 DEG C and in which the weight ratio of copper to aluminium is from 1:1 to 20:1. The weight ratio of copper to chromium and/or manganese may be from 100:0.5 to 100:24.

    Conversion of gases containing carbon monoxide into hydrogen and carbon dioxide by means of steam
    2.
    发明专利
    Conversion of gases containing carbon monoxide into hydrogen and carbon dioxide by means of steam 未知

    公开(公告)号：GB1080295A

    公开(公告)日：1967-08-23

    申请号：GB4805164

    申请日：1964-11-26

    Applicant: BASF AG

    Inventor： KROME HELMUT ,  GRUENDLER KARL-HEINZ

    IPC: C01B3/16 ,  C10K3/04

    Abstract: In a process for catalytically converting at 4 the CO content of a gas, e.g. town's gas, with steam to CO2 and H2, the gas to be converted, after being saturated with steam at 2 and preheated in heat exchangers 3, 5 by the converted gas, is further preheated, e.g. to 400 DEG C., in a burner 6. Water is circulated between a packed cooling tower 8 (for the converted gas), the saturation 2 via an indirect heat exchanger 7 through which the converted gas flows, and the burner 6. The required heat exchange area in the parts 3, 5 is thus decreased, and the need for an outside source of steam is removed.

    Tube-and-shell-type heat exchangers
    4.
    发明专利
    Tube-and-shell-type heat exchangers 未知

    公开(公告)号：GB1107455A

    公开(公告)日：1968-03-27

    申请号：GB2694965

    申请日：1965-06-25

    Applicant: BASF AG

    Inventor： KROME HELMUT ,  GRUENDLER KARL-HEINZ ,  STETTLER WOLFGANG

    IPC: F28D7/16 ,  F28F9/02

    Abstract: 1,107,455. Tubular heat exchangers. BADISCHE ANILIN- & SODA-FABRIK A.G. 25 June, 1965 [27 June, 1964], No. 26949/65. Heading F4S. A tube-and-shell type heat exchanger for enhancing flow without a high pressure drop of a heat exchanging gas over the polygonally distributed removable tube bundle 1 thereof comprises a pressure-resisting shell 6 spaced by an annular one-piece or multipart web 10, capable of compensating for differing axial changes of the bundle and shell, from a double-walled hollow jacket 7 surrounding almost the whole axial length of the tube bundle. An inlet 9 for the heat exchanging gas flowing over the bundle is sealed from direct communication with an outlet 11 therefor by the web 10, thus forcing the gas through the labyrinth between the tubes of the bundle, which is held conventionally by tube sheets 2, 3 mounted peripherally in stuffing-boxes 4, 5 on the shell 6, which also has an inlet 12 and an outlet 13 for the fluid flowing through the tubes of the bundle. The inlet and outlet 9, 11 may be varied in position along the shell, as disclosed in Figs. 2, 3 (not shown), the latter of which discloses a tube sheet 3 having a cylindrical axial extension 14 attached by a collar 15 held in a clamp 16 to the tube shell, while the tube sheet 2 is connected thereto by a corrugated tubular compensator 17 allowing for different axial expansions of the components. When the tube bundle is not removable from the shell, the web 10 may be in the form of a corrugated ring.

    Process for the conversion of gases which contain resinifying substances
    6.
    发明专利
    Process for the conversion of gases which contain resinifying substances 未知

    公开(公告)号：GB1043563A

    公开(公告)日：1966-09-21

    申请号：GB191864

    申请日：1964-01-16

    Applicant: BASF AG

    Inventor： KROME HELMUT ,  GRUENDLER KARL-HEINZ

    IPC: C01B3/02 ,  C01B3/16 ,  C10K3/04

    Abstract: A process for the catalytic reaction of gases containing CO and resin-forming substances with steam to form CO2 and H2 comprises passing the gases with steam at a temperature above 450 DEG C. over a layer of catalyst containing iron oxide and chromium oxide, cooling the gases to a temperature favourable for the CO-conversion step, e.g. 340 DEG to 400 DEG C., and carrying out a conventional catalytic CO-conversion step with steam on the gases. The preferred temperature for the first catalytic reaction, which is a hydrogenation and partial conversion reaction, is 470 DEG to 520 DEG C., and 20% to 40% by weight of the total catalyst is used in the first layer. The second catalyst may be the same material as the first, or may contain copper and/or molybdenum. In a specific embodiment, gas at 900 DEG C. obtained by cracking liquid hydrocarbons is the feedstock, and is passed in series through two waste heat boilers between which the first catalytic reactor is located. The process may be carried out at atmospheric or superatmospheric pressure, and the process may be applied to coke oven and producer gas.

    Production of catalysts for reacting carbon monoxide with steam
    8.
    发明专利
    Production of catalysts for reacting carbon monoxide with steam 未知

    公开(公告)号：GB1129977A

    公开(公告)日：1968-10-09

    申请号：GB562066

    申请日：1966-02-09

    Applicant: BASF AG

    Inventor： KRABETZ RICHARD ,  GRUENDLER KARL-HEINZ ,  KROME HELMUT ,  EBENHOECH FRANZ LUDWIG ,  LUEDEMANN HORST

    IPC: B01J23/84

    Abstract: 1,129,977. Hydrogen by shift reaction. BADISCHE ANILIN- & SODA-FABRIK A.G. 9 Feb., 1966 [10 Feb., 1965], No. 5620/66. Heading C1A. [Also in Division B1] A gas mixture consisting of 9À4% CO, 36À7% H 2 , 0À4% N 2 and 53À5% steam is passed at a space velocity of 6000 cu. m. of wet gas per c.c. of catalyst per hour over a specially prepared catalyst comprising Cu, Al, Cr and Mn at 220‹ C. 98% of the CO is converted to CO 2 with concurrent production of hydrogen. In an alternative procedure a gas mixture consisting of 2À52% CO, 71À95% H 2 , 2À34% CO 2 and 23À2% of inert gas has added to it 0À68 cu. m. (S.T.P.) of steam per cu. m. of dry gas. The whole is passed at 10 atmospheres gauge and 185‹ C. over 5 x 5 mm. pellets of catalyst as above. Only 0À034% CO remains unchanged.

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