Abstract:
There is disclosed an integrated spectrometer for chemical analysis by evanescent electromagnetic radiation absorption in a reaction volume. The spectrometer comprises a noninteractive waveguide (7), a substrate (6), an entrance grating (4) and an exit grating (5), an electromagnetic radiation source (1), and an electromagnetic radiation sensing device (2). There is further disclosed a chemical sensor to determine the pressure and concentration of a chemical species in a mixture comprising an interactive waveguide (7), a substrate (6), an entrance grating (4) and an exit grating (5), an electromagnetic radiation source (1), and an electromagnetic radiation sensing device (2).
Abstract:
A metal strip substrate (2) is coated with a melt layer (21) which is rapidly solidified to a solid coating (11). The substrate strip is preheated in a particular way and in a controlled atmosphere to allow the bonding of the metal coating. The process is particularly useful when coating metal strip with an alloy of limited solubility metals.
Abstract:
A method of determining fracture mode transition behavior (FMTB) of solid materials by using stress field modified miniature specimens. The method is an improvement in the method of determining mechanical behavior information from specimens only so large as to have at least a volume or smallest dimension sufficient to satisfy continuum behavior in all directions. FMTB of the material is determined from the measurements taken during the loading of the specimen resulting in the formation or cracks and/or the further propagation of cracks in the miniature specimen and/or fracture. The specimens are provided with grooves that induce additional stress field modifying stress components in the specimens during the test. These additional stress components result in a desired stress state in the specimen which could not be achieved otherwise. The methods are useful in determining FMTB for the material, when the specimen thickness is smaller than previously thought necessary for valid FMTB determinations.
Abstract:
A dual coated liquid dosage form sustained release pharmaceutic having substantial shelf life prior to ingestion. The dual coating is applied over controlled release dosage forms and comprises generally lipids such as fats or waxes melting at less than approximately 120 F overcoated with cellulose derivatives or prolamins. The dual coated dosage forms are dispersed in a liquid carrier such as high fructose corn syrup and display a shelf life of up to approximately at least 35 days while still retaining their controlled release profiles following ingestion.
Abstract:
Apparatus (10) and method for measuring the concentration of particles in a gas using an electrode (20) disposed within but electrically insulated from an electrically-conductive conduit member (12), a current measuring device (3) and means (32, 38) for maintaining the conduit member and the electrode at substantially the same potential. Flow of gas containing charged particles along the conduit induces a current passing from the electrode through the current measuring device. If the concentration of particles in the gas becomes excessive, the current measuring device activates a warning device (35) or takes other action to prevent damage to any gas-consuming device attached to the apparatus. The apparatus might include an optional ionizer (40) up-stream of the electrode to charge the particles in the gas.
Abstract:
The device for producing a laser radiation is comprised of a quadrangular cross-section discharge chamber made of insulating material, of a pair of discharge electrodes between which a discharge is produced transversally to an optical resonator by preionization with corona effect discharge, as well as of a charge or discharge circuit and a gas circulation and cooling system. The two facing surfaces of the discharge chamber on which are arranged the electrodes are provided with a metal coating for example metal sheets or plates. The other side walls of the discharge chamber carry towards the inner space conductor structures, preferably wire grids which extend up to the height of the metal coating.
Abstract:
Polymerizable resins comprising mineral filler grafted with substituents carrying copolymerizable functions are applied as layers or substrates and subjected to curing to provide coatings with improved properties.
Abstract:
A die (12) used for plastic injection molding is masked on its inner surface with a plating resist (11) to leave only a selected area exposed. A conforming anode (14) is fit into the die leaving a small clearance between the die cavity surface and the anode. A metal layer (16) is electroplated onto the exposed mold surfaces of the die in less than a minute by using a high current density and a turbulent flow of electroplating solution. The die is then assembled with a second die (12A) to form a mold. A plastic molding composition is injected into the mold cavity (19) and comes in contact with and adheres to the metal electroplate (16) more tightly than the metal electroplate adheres to the surface of the mold member. As the mold is separated, the metal electroplate reamins bonded to the plastic molding composition to form a metal-clad plastic article (26). Adhesion between the metal electroplate and the plastic can be improved by forming nodular growths on the metal electroplate. This is done by varying the current density and/or the electroplating solution flow-rate near the end of the electroplating process. The electroplating and molding steps may be sequentially combined into an automated process for the continuous production of metal-clad articles.
Abstract:
Metal strip (3) may be cast directly from molten metal in an open tundish (2) onto a chill roll (1). Strip thickness is controlled by contouring the tundish lip (14) with an offset (10) near the casting wheel. This can be used remedially to offset the natural tendency for the strip to be thicker near the edges, which is undesirable for cold rolling, or it may be used creatively to produce contoured strip.
Abstract:
Fibers or powders and spray castings of such fibers or powders are produced from molten materials by a centrifugal atomization technique from a rotating cup (1). The cup has an inclined wall (2) which results in improved operating conditions over flat plate centrifugal atomization.