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    Radiant energy analyzer including means for offsetting and scaling the ratio of two signals
    3.
    发明授权
    Radiant energy analyzer including means for offsetting and scaling the ratio of two signals 失效
    辐射能量分析仪，包括两个信号比例放大和缩放的手段

    公开(公告)号：US3561845A

    公开(公告)日：1971-02-09

    申请号：US3561845D

    申请日：1969-06-02

    Applicant: BECKMAN INSTRUMENTS INC

    Inventor： BORONKAY ATTILA D ,  MATTHEWS KENNETH V

    IPC: G01J1/10 ,  G01J3/42 ,  G01J3/08

    CPC classification number: G01J3/42

    Abstract: THERE IS DISCLOSED A CIRCUIT IN A RADIANT ENERGY ANALYZER FOR OFFSETTING AND SCALING THE RATIO OF TWO SIGNALS. THE CIRCUIT IN PART COMPRISES A FIRST CHANNEL AND A SECOND CHANNEL AMPLIFYING DEVICE. A FIRST SIGNAL IS CONNECTED TO THE FIRST CHANNEL AMPLIFYING DEVICE THE OUTPUT OF WHICH IS CONNECTED TO A FIRST VOLTAGE DIVIDER COMPONENT. A SECOND SIGNAL IS CONNECTED TO THE SECOND CHANNEL AMPLIFYING DEVICE THE OUTPUT OF WHICH IS CONNECTED TO A SECOND VOLTAGE DIVIDER COMPONENT. THE SECOND DIVIDER IS CONNECTED TO THE SECOND CHANNEL AMPLIFYING DEVICE SO AS TO PROVIDE A PORTION OF THE SECOND CHANNEL AMPLIFYING DEVICE SIGNAL OUTPUT AS DEGENERATIVE FEEDBACK. THE FIRST DIVIDER IS CONNECTED TO THE SECOND CHANNEL AMPLIFYING DEVICE SO AS TO PROVIDE A PORTION OF THE FIRST CHANNEL AMPLIFYING DEVICE OUTPUT SIGNAL IN SERIES WITH THE SECOND CHANNEL AMPLIFYING DEVICE FEEDBACK. THE RATIO OF THE SECOND SIGNAL TO THE FIRST SIGNAL AT THE OUTPUT OF THE AMPLIFYING DEVICES IS EQUAL TO A SCALE FACTOR TIMES THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE INPUT SIGNAL RATIO AND AN OFFSET TERM WHERE THE OFFSET IS DETERMINED BY THE FIRST DIVIDER AND THE SCALE FACTOR BY THE SECOND DIVIDER.

    PURE NONLINEAR TRANSFER CIRCUIT
    10.
    发明专利
    PURE NONLINEAR TRANSFER CIRCUIT 未知

    公开(公告)号：CA944029A

    公开(公告)日：1974-03-19

    申请号：CA122331

    申请日：1971-09-08

    Applicant: BECKMAN INSTRUMENTS INC

    Inventor： BORONKAY ATTILA D

    IPC: G06G7/24

    Abstract: 1333287 Logarithmic amplifiers BECKMAN INSTRUMENTS Inc 29 Oct 1971 [27 Nov 1970 50324/71 Heading G4G A pure non-linear, e.g. logarithmic, transfer function is obtained by compensating for undesired linearity in the characteristic of a non- linear element, e.g. a diode or transistor. The voltage V 1 across such an element may be written where V(i) is the non-linear (current dependent) part of the voltage and iR e is the undesired linear part, R e being, e.g. the bulk resistance of the emitter of a transistor. In the dual-channel logarithmic amplifier shown, the two collectoremitter paths of a dual transistor 19 are connected respectively between the inverting inputs and the outputs of operational amplifiers 5, 25. The amplifiers are also provided with input and output resistors respectively 13, 29 and 15, 31, the terminals of these resistors remote from the amplifier being connected by respective potentiometers 38, 40 and 39, 41 which provide the desired compensation. By considering the currents at node 16, it can be shown that a purely non-linear transfer function can be obtained if R 40 /K 1 = R 13 R 15 /R e where K 1 is the setting of the potentiometer 38, 40 and the subscripts refer to the designations of the resistors on the drawing. A similar result is obtainable for the other channel of the dual amplifier. The outputs of the channels are connected by a double pole switch 36, 37 to respective inverting and non-inverting inputs of an operational amplifier 33. Letting the ratio R 35 /R 31 equal a, it can be shown that where the subscripts refer to the two channels. In the case of a transistor, this becomes where b is equal to aKT/q, K is Boltzmann's constant, T the absolute temperature and q the charge on the electron. The last equation may also be written V out = b.ln(i 1 /i 2 ) or, making R 13 equal R 29 , V out = b.ln(V s /V r ). By using a dual transistor, temperature effects are eliminated. By moving the double-pole switch 36, 37 to its other position, the alternative result may be obtained.

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