Abstract:
Provided is an electrophotographic member with high conductivity and high adhesion to other layers, a process cartridge using the electrophotographic member as a developer carrier, and an electrophotography device. This electrophotographic member has a conductive shaft core and a conduction layer, wherein said conductive layer comprises anions and a resin having the structure indicated in structural formula (1).
Abstract:
Provided are a development device in which it is possible to reduce the occurrence of fogging in a low temperature environment, and an electrophotographic image formation device with which it is possible to stably form an image over a long period of time. The development device has a toner (1), a development roller (2), and a toner restriction member. The toner (1) satisfies the following conditions: 40‰¤Z(25)‰¤80 and 10‰¤Z(10)‰¤55 (wherein Z(Y) represents the percentile of (X 3(Y) -X 4(Y) ) relative to X 3(Y) at Y°C, X 3(Y) represents the displacement amount obtained after displacement amount (X 2(Y) ) is left to stand for 0.1 seconds, X 2(Y) represents the displacement amount when a 2.94×10 -4 N load is applied at 9.8×10 -5 N/sec, and X 4(Y) represents the displacement amount at 0N when the load is reduced by 9.8×10 -5 N/sec); 0.49×10 -3 ‰¤R(25)‰¤1.70×10 -3 (wherein R(25) represents the tilt from the starting point to the maximum load in the load displacement curve of the toner at 25°C); and 15°C‰¤(P1-TgA)‰¤70°C (wherein TgA represents a glass transition temperature between 40 and 60°C, and P1 represents the maximum heat absorption peak temperature between 70 and 110°C). The development roller (2) has a surface layer containing a urethane resin, wherein the urethane resin has at least one of the structures selected from among (a), and (b) and (c). €ƒ€ƒ€ƒ€ƒ€ƒ€ƒ€ƒ€ƒ-CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -O-€ƒ€ƒ€ƒ€ƒ€ƒStructural formula (a)
Abstract:
Bereitgestellt wird ein elektrophotographisches Element, welches kaum eine Deformation durchläuft, selbst wenn es über eine längere Zeitdauer unter einer Hochtemperatur- und Hochfeuchtigkeitsumgebung einer Belastung ausgesetzt ist, und somit stabil ein qualitativ hochwertiges elektrophotographisches Bild erzeugen kann. Das elektrophotographische Element beinhaltet: ein elektrisch leitfähiges Substrat; und eine elektrisch leitfähige Harzschicht auf dem Substrat, wobei die Harzschicht ein Kation mit einer spezifischen Struktur und ein spezifisches Anion enthält.