Abstract:
PRODUCTION OF ORGANICALLY MODIFIED FINELY DIVIDED ALKALINE EARTH METAL AND EARTH METAL SILICATES AND SILICAS BY WET PRECIPITION OF SUCH SILICATES AND SILICAS FROM ALKALI METAL SILICATE SOLUTIONS WITH AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS OF ALKALINE EARTH METAL OR EARTH METAL SALTS OR ACIDS, PREFERABLY AT TEMPARATURES BETWEEN ABOUT 10 AND 90* C. IN THE PRESENCE OF WATER SOLUBLE REACTIVE POLYMERIC MATERIALS, FOR INSTANCE, POLYMERS CONTAINING THE REACTIVE AMINO, HYDROXYL, CARBOXYL, AMIDE OR KETO GROUPS. THE THUS OBTAINED MODIFIED SILICATES AND SILICAS CAN BE FURTHER MODIFIED BY EFFECTING REACTIONS WITH THE REACTIVE GROUPS OF THE BOUND POLYMERS IN THE SILICATES AND SILICAS.
Abstract:
Cellulose is bleached by means of an organic peracid in the acid region and subsequently by means of peroxide in the alkaline region. As peracid there is employed an acid which is produced from the corresponding carboxylic acid by reaction with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a mineral acid. The peroxide bleaching step which follows the peracid bleaching step is carried out after there is added the necessary amount of aqueous alkali solution for carrying out the peroxide bleaching step of the pulp without intermediate washing of the cellulose. A further addition of peroxide is not carried out.
Abstract:
Cellulose is bleached by means of an organic peracid in the acid region and subsequently by means of peroxide in the alkaline region. As peracid there is employed an acid which is produced from the corresponding carboxylic acid by reaction with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a mineral acid. The peroxide bleaching step which follows the peracid bleaching step is carried out after there is added the necessary amount of aqueous alkali solution for carrying out the peroxide bleaching step of the pulp without intermediate washing of the cellulose. A further addition of peroxide is not carried out.
Abstract:
The present invention provides a multistage process for the full bleaching of pulp having at least three-stages in which the pulp, when required after a pre-treatment with at least one of magnesium salts and organic complexing agents, is treated with a per compound in a first stage, with chlorite in a second stage and bleached with a per compound in a third stage.