Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve the storability and handleability of fatty acids by catalytically hydrogenating only carbon-carbon double bonds in the fatty acids and fatty acid derivatives by using a colloid of noble metal as a catalyst without using solvent. SOLUTION: Fatty acids and/or fatty acid derivatives are catalytically hydrogenated selectively under a hydrogen pressure up to 800 bar at maximum by using a catalyst that is a colloid of a single metal, binary or multiple metals selected from the group VIII or IB in the periodic table and is stabilized with a surfactant, for example, an amphoteric betain, or a solution catalyst prepared by dissolving the above-stated catalyst (the homogeneous catalyst) or, a heterogeneous catalyst, that are prepared by using previously formed single, binary or multi-metal colloid and their solutions and depositing them on a carrier. In a preferred embodiment, a bulk type carrier-supported catalyst is used to effect the catalytic hydrogenation reactions in a fixed bed reactor or in a tubular reactor.
Abstract:
Procedimiento para la preparación de aldehídos y cetonas, que comprende la oxidación de alcoholes primarios o secundarios con un gas con contenido en oxígeno en presencia de una composición de catalizador que comprende al menos un radical nitroxilo, una o varias fuentes de NO y al menos uno o varios ácidos carboxílicos o sus anhídridos o uno o varios ácidos carboxílicos o sus anhídridos y ácidos minerales o sus anhídridos, eventualmente en presencia de uno o varios disolventes, caracterizado por que los alcoholes primarios y secundarios empleados presentan un valor para el logaritmo decimal del coeficiente de reparto de n-octanol-agua (logP) menor que 2.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a chemocatalytic liquid-phase process for the direct single-stage amination of alcohols to primary amines using ammonia in high yields by means of a catalyst system containing at least one transition metal compound and a xantphos ligand.
Abstract:
The invention provides a process for preparing primary amines, comprising the steps of A) providing a solution of a secondary alcohol in a fluid, non-gaseous phase, B) contacting the phase with free ammonia and/or with at least one ammonia donor compound and a homogeneous catalyst, and optionally C) isolating the primary amine formed in step B), characterized in that the ratio of the volume of the liquid phase to the volume of the gas phase in step B)is greater than or equal to 0.25 and/or in that the ammonia in step B) is used in a molar ratio, relative to the hydroxyl groups in the secondary alcohol, of at least 5:1.
Abstract:
The invention relates to an improved method for releasing an organic acid, preferably a carbon, sulfone or phosphone acid, particularly an alpha or beta hydroxycarbon acid, from the ammonia salt thereof by releasing and removing ammoniac and simultaneous extraction of the released acid, having an amine as a suitable extraction means from the aqueous phase. This method corresponds to a reactive extraction. The reactive extraction of an organic acid from the aqueous ammonia salt solution thereof can be significantly improved by the use of a strip medium or carrier gas, such as nitrogen, air, water vapor or inert gases such as argon. The released ammoniac is removed from the aqueous solution by the continuous gas flow and can be resupplied into a production process. The free acid can be obtained by a method such as distillation, rectification, crystallization, reextraction, chromatography, adsorption or by a membrane method from the extraction means.
Abstract:
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von 2,6-Dioxabicyclo-(3.3.0)-octan-4,8-dion [1S,5S] (I), umfassend die Oxidation von Dianhydrohexitolen (II-IV) oder von entsprechenden Hydroxyketonen mit einem sauerstoffhaltigen Gas in Gegenwart einer Katalysatorzusammensetzung, wobei die Umsetzung ohne Zusatz von Halogenquellen erfolgt.
Abstract:
PCT No. PCT/GB97/01014 Sec. 371 Date Feb. 18, 1999 Sec. 102(e) Date Feb. 18, 1999 PCT Filed Apr. 11, 1997 PCT Pub. No. WO97/38955 PCT Pub. Date Oct. 23, 1997Process for the selective hydrogenation of alphatic or aromatic substrates under supercritical or near critical conditions. Hydrogenation is effected using a heterogeneous catalyst in a continuous flow reactor containing a supercritical or near critical reaction medium and selectively of product formation is achieved by varying one or more of the temperature, pressure, catalyst and flow rate.