Abstract:
A plasma reactor comprising: a housing defining a through gas flow path enclosed by walls (24); a first electrode (30) disposed in the housing, extending radially across the flow path and allowing gas flow therethrough; a second electrode (32) disposed in the housing, extending radially across the flow path and allowing gas flow therethrough, the second electrode (32) being spaced downstream in the gas flow path from the first electrode (30); and a reaction chamber (13) defined in the housing between the first and second electrodes, the reaction chamber being filled with at least one non-conductive foam cylinder (34,36,38,40,42,62) causing an irregular tortuous flow of gas through the reaction chamber.
Abstract:
A variable buoyancy heater (100) is provided. It comprises variable buoyancy float (123) that includes a variable volume element (120). A first fluid is contained within the variable volume element and a heating element (120) that is integral with the variable buoyancy float (100) is provided. The heating element (120) is arranged to heat the first fluid wherein the variable volume element (122) expands based on a temperature increase from the heating element (120), such that the variable buoyancy float (123) becomes positively buoyant when the variable volume element (122) expands and negatively buoyant when the heating element (120) is off.
Abstract:
A particulate sensing system (10) configured to detect particulates in exhaust gas (12) from a combustion process. Particulates are detected based on electrical conductivity between a first electrode (42) and a second electrode (44). A heater element (54) is provided to heat the first electrode (42) and the second electrode (44). The first electrode (42), the second electrode (44), and the heater element (54) cooperate to form a sensor (40). The heater element (54) is operated to establish a sensor (40) temperature greater than a dew-point temperature of the exhaust gas (12) and less than a bum-off temperature of the sensor (40) to reduce thermophoretic accumulation of particulates on the sensor (40). When the exhaust temperature (52) and the sensor (40) temperature are suitable for thermophoretic accumulation and electrophoretic accumulation of particulates, a voltage is applied across the electrodes to facilitate electrophoretic accumulation of particulates, and the heater element (54) is turned off so thermophoretic accumulation occurs.
Abstract:
A variable buoyancy heater (100) is provided. It comprises variable buoyancy float (123) that includes a variable volume element (120). A first fluid is contained within the variable volume element and a heating element (120) that is integral with the variable buoyancy float (100) is provided. The heating element (120) is arranged to heat the first fluid wherein the variable volume element (122) expands based on a temperature increase from the heating element (120), such that the variable buoyancy float (123) becomes positively buoyant when the variable volume element (122) expands and negatively buoyant when the heating element (120) is off.