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1.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4092381A
公开(公告)日：1978-05-30
申请号：US646727
申请日：1976-01-05
Applicant: Gerald M. Halpern , Hyogun Kim
Inventor： Gerald M. Halpern , Hyogun Kim
CPC classification number: G21B1/19 , C08J3/12 , C08J3/122 , C08J9/26 , C08J2201/0462 , C08J2323/06 , Y02E30/16 , Y10S264/13 , Y10S376/915 , Y10S376/916
Abstract: Targets for high energy beams, such as laser beams, produced in laser fusion apparatus are described. The targets are porous spheres of deuterated hydrocarbon material, particularly deuterated polyethylene. The spheres are small and have diameters in the range of 50 to 300 microns. Higher neutron yields are obtained from these targets than from solid targets of similar materials, (viz, spherical targets of much higher density). Methods of fabricating the targets by forming them into solid spheres, cross linking their molecules and causing them to swell such that the resultant targets have a microscopically small sponge-like structure, are also described.
Abstract translation: 描述了在激光熔化设备中生产的诸如激光束的高能束的目标。 目标是氘化烃材料的多孔球体，特别是氘代聚乙烯。 球体很小，直径在50至300微米的范围内。 从这些目标获得较高的中子产量，而不是类似材料的固体目标（即密度高得多的球形目标）。 通过将它们形成固体球体，将它们的分子交联并使它们膨胀使得所得到的靶具有微小的海绵状结构的方法来制备靶。
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公开(公告)号：US5419185A
公开(公告)日：1995-05-30
申请号：US195794
申请日：1994-02-10
Applicant: Robert J. L. Chimenti , Gerald M. Halpern
Inventor： Robert J. L. Chimenti , Gerald M. Halpern
CPC classification number: G01N33/2829 , C10G21/30 , C10G67/04
Abstract: Method and apparatus for optimizing the extraction of aromatics from waxy distillates and the dewaxing of waxy raffinates in the manufacture of lubricating oils.
Abstract translation: 用于优化从蜡状馏出物中提取芳族化合物的方法和装置，以及在制造润滑油中蜡蜡提取物的脱蜡。
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3.发明授权Targets which emit neutrons when irradiated by high energy beams and methods of fabricating such targets 失效当用高能束照射中子时发射中子的目标和制造这些目标的方法
公开(公告)号：US4252610A
公开(公告)日：1981-02-24
申请号：US835077
申请日：1977-09-20
Applicant: Gerald M. Halpern , Hyogun Kim
Inventor： Gerald M. Halpern , Hyogun Kim
Abstract: Targets for high energy beams, such as laser beams, produced in laser fusion apparatus are described. The targets are porous spheres of deuterated hydrocarbon material, particularly deuterated polyethylene. The spheres are small and have diameters in the range of 50 to 300 microns. Higher neutron yields are obtained from these targets than from solid targets of similar materials, (viz., spherical targets of much higher density). Methods of fabricating the targets by forming them into solid spheres, cross linking their molecules and causing them to swell such that the resultant targets have a microscopically small sponge-like structure, are also described.
Abstract translation: 描述了在激光熔化设备中生产的诸如激光束的高能束的目标。 目标是氘化烃材料的多孔球体，特别是氘代聚乙烯。 球体很小，直径在50至300微米的范围内。 从这些目标获得较高的中子产量，而不是从类似材料的固体目标（即密度高得多的球形目标）获得。 通过将它们形成固体球体，将它们的分子交联并使它们膨胀使得所得到的靶具有微小的海绵状结构的方法来制备靶。
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4.发明授权Optimization of acid strength and total organic carbon in acid processes (C-2644) 失效酸工艺中酸强度和总有机碳的优化（C-2644）
公开(公告)号：US5426053A
公开(公告)日：1995-06-20
申请号：US125060
申请日：1993-09-21
Applicant: Robert J. L. Chimenti , Gerald M. Halpern , Bernie J. Pafford
Inventor： Robert J. L. Chimenti , Gerald M. Halpern , Bernie J. Pafford
CPC classification number: G01N33/1846 , Y10T436/12 , Y10T436/15 , Y10T436/156666 , Y10T436/235
Abstract: A method and system to optimize the acid strength and level of total organic carbon (TOC) of process streams in which specific hydrocarbons are extracted from hydrocarbon mixtures by sulfuric acid.
Abstract translation: 优化通过硫酸从烃混合物中提取特定烃的工艺流的总有机碳（TOC）的酸强度和水平的方法和系统。
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5.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4224261A
公开(公告)日：1980-09-23
申请号：US841171
申请日：1977-10-11
Applicant: Gerald M. Halpern
Inventor： Gerald M. Halpern
CPC classification number: G21B1/19 , C08J3/12 , C08J3/28 , C08J9/26 , C08J2201/0462 , C08J2323/06 , Y02E30/16 , Y10S264/13 , Y10S376/915 , Y10S376/916
Abstract: Targets for high energy beams, such as laser beams, produced in laser fusion apparatus are described. The targets are porous spheres of deuterated hydrocarbon material, particularly deuterated polyethylene. The spheres are small and have diameters in the range of 50 to 300 microns. Higher neutron yields are obtained from these targets than from solid targets of similar materials, (viz., spherical targets of much higher density). Methods of fabricating the targets by forming them into solid spheres, cross linking their molecules and causing them to swell such that the resultant targets have a microscopically small sponge-like structure, are also described. These micro-sponge targets may be treated by being exposed to tritium gas so as to undergo tritium deuterium exchange which is of enhanced efficiency by virtue of their porous, sponge-like structure. The porous sponge-like targets of deuterated, tritiated material may be stored under liquid to enhance their stability by absorption of their own beta radiation.
Abstract translation: 描述了在激光熔化设备中生产的诸如激光束的高能束的目标。 目标是氘化烃材料的多孔球体，特别是氘代聚乙烯。 球体很小，直径在50至300微米的范围内。 从这些目标获得较高的中子产量，而不是从类似材料的固体目标（即密度高得多的球形目标）获得。 通过将它们形成固体球体，将它们的分子交联并使它们膨胀使得所得到的靶具有微小的海绵状结构的方法来制备靶。 这些微海绵靶可以通过暴露于氚气来进行处理，以进行氚氘交换，其由于其多孔的海绵状结构而具有提高的效率。 氘代氚化材料的多孔海绵状靶可以储存在液体下，以通过吸收其自身的β辐射来增强其稳定性。
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Patent Agency Ranking6.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4380855A
公开(公告)日：1983-04-26
申请号：US113146
申请日：1980-01-18
Applicant: Harry W. Deckman , Gerald M. Halpern , John G. Dunsmuir
Inventor： Harry W. Deckman , Gerald M. Halpern , John G. Dunsmuir
CPC classification number: G21B1/19 , Y02E30/16 , Y10T29/49769 , Y10T29/49998
Abstract: Hollow shell laser fusion targets, such as glass microballoons, are filled with gases of the type which do not permeate through the wall of the balloon. A hole is laser-drilled in the balloon, a plug is placed over the hole and gas is introduced into the balloon through the loosely plugged hole. Thereafter the plug is melted to form a seal over the hole, entrapping the gas within the target. The plug is, for example, a polymer such as highly crystalline polystyrene, or glass.
Abstract translation: 空心壳激光融合目标，例如玻璃微球，填充有不透过气球壁的气体。 在气球中激光钻孔，将塞子放置在孔上方，气体通过松动堵塞的孔被引入气球。 此后，塞子被熔化以在孔上形成密封，将气体截留在靶内。 插塞例如是聚合物，例如高度结晶的聚苯乙烯或玻璃。
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公开(公告)号：US4188532A
公开(公告)日：1980-02-12
申请号：US873567
申请日：1978-01-30
Applicant: Harry W. Deckman , Gerald M. Halpern
Inventor： Harry W. Deckman , Gerald M. Halpern
CPC classification number: G21B1/19 , H01J47/065 , Y02E30/16
Abstract: In order to assay the tritium fuel content in laser fusion targets and/or to measure the pressurization of laser fusion targets of the type which use deuterium and tritium (DT) gas mixtures, without destroying the targets, the flux of beta particles which emerges from the target is measured with the aid of a gas flow proportional counter. The count rates are related to the tritium content and the pressurization. The tritium content in terms of the mass of the tritium in the target can be derived from the counting rate.
Abstract translation: 为了测定激光融合靶中的氚燃料含量和/或测量使用氘和氚（DT）气体混合物的类型的激光熔化靶的加压，而不破坏靶，则出现的β粒子的通量 借助气流比例计数器测量目标。 计数率与氚含量和加压有关。 目标中的氚质量的氚含量可以从计数率得出。
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8.发明授权Method and apparatus for extracting ions from a partially ionized plasma using a magnetic field gradient 失效使用磁场梯度从部分电离等离子体中提取离子的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US3992625A
公开(公告)日：1976-11-16
申请号：US428665
申请日：1973-12-27
Applicant: George Schmidt , Gerald M. Halpern , William R. L. Thomas
Inventor： George Schmidt , Gerald M. Halpern , William R. L. Thomas
CPC classification number: H05H1/02 , B01D59/44 , Y10S505/848 , Y10S505/88
Abstract: Method and apparatus for separating selectively ionized particles from a plasma of moving particles by application of a magnetic field gradient in a direction to which the ionized particles are to be accelerated for collection. By creating conditions of adiabatic particle motion for charged particles in the magnetic field, the selectively ionized particles will be induced to follow the magnetic field lines in the direction of weaker field strength. The direction of this gradient is made different from the general direction of particle motion to permit extraction of the ions from the plasma. The extracted ions deposit on a collection surface in enriched proportions.
Abstract translation: 通过在电离粒子加速收集的方向上施加磁场梯度来选择性地离子化的粒子与等离子体分离的方法和装置。 通过在磁场中产生带电粒子的绝热粒子运动条件，选择性离子化的粒子将被诱导沿着较弱场强方向的磁场线。 该梯度的方向与粒子运动的一般方向不同，以允许从等离子体中提取离子。 提取的离子以富集的比例沉积在收集表面上。
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9.发明授权Methods for optimal usage and improved valuation of corrosive petroleum feedstocks and fractions (law521) 失效腐蚀性石油原料和馏分的最佳使用方法和改进的评估方法（法律521）公开(公告)号：US07160728B2
公开(公告)日：2007-01-09
申请号：US10663566
申请日：2003-09-16
Applicant: Robert J. L. Chimenti , Gerald M. Halpern , Patricia H. Kalamaras , Michael P. Anderson , Maureen Iannucci
Inventor： Robert J. L. Chimenti , Gerald M. Halpern , Patricia H. Kalamaras , Michael P. Anderson , Maureen Iannucci
CPC classification number: G01N33/2876 , G01N21/0332 , G01N21/314 , G01N2201/1293 , Y10T436/12
Abstract: The invention is a method to improve the prediction of the corrosivity of organic acids in petroleum crudes, feedstocks and distillation fractions by providing a more accurate, repeatable, and rapid means of determining the TAN from the IR spectrum of the material. The method can be easily practiced in refinery, terminal, and assay laboratories. It can be used in conjunction with models and hardware to optimize the usage and improve the valuation of corrosive feed stocks. The invention can be implemented on-line for blending optimization. It comprises the steps of irradiating a heated petroleum sample with IR radiation to produce its IR absorption spectrum, and predicting the TAN from the spectrum using a linear, multivariate regression model. The IR TAN value is then used as input to blending, valuation, and corrosion models.
Abstract translation: 本发明是通过提供从材料的IR光谱确定TAN的更准确，可重复和快速的方法来改进对石油原料，原料和蒸馏馏分中有机酸的腐蚀性的预测的方法。 该方法可以在炼油厂，终端和分析实验室中轻松实施。 它可以与型号和硬件结合使用，以优化使用，并提高腐蚀性原料的估价。 本发明可以在线实现混合优化。 它包括以下步骤：用IR辐射照射加热的石油样品以产生其IR吸收光谱，并使用线性多变量回归模型从光谱预测TAN。 然后将IR TAN值用作混合，估值和腐蚀模型的输入。
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公开(公告)号：US5424542A
公开(公告)日：1995-06-13
申请号：US125061
申请日：1993-09-21
Applicant: Robert J. L. Chimenti , Gerald M. Halpern
Inventor： Robert J. L. Chimenti , Gerald M. Halpern
CPC classification number: G01N21/359 , G01N21/3577 , G01N33/2829
Abstract: A method uses near-infrared radiation to optimize the removal or separation of normal paraffins from a kerosene feed stream. The absorptivity of a feed stream and/or sievate is determined for at least one near-infrared wavelength. The weight percent of the normal paraffins in the feed stream and/or sievate is determined from the absorptivity. The determined weight percent is used to control the removal or separation of normal paraffins from the kerosene feed stream.
Abstract translation: 一种方法使用近红外辐射来优化正常石蜡从煤油进料流中的去除或分离。 确定进料流和/或硅酸盐的吸收率至少一个近红外波长。 进料流和/或硅酸盐中正链烷烃的重量百分比由吸收率确定。 确定的重量百分数用于控制正常链烷烃从煤油进料流中的去除或分离。
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