公开(公告)号：US4420689A

公开(公告)日：1983-12-13

申请号：US333629

申请日：1981-12-22

Applicant: Arthur H. Rogers ,  Kevin J. Sullivan ,  Gerald R. Mansfield

Inventor： Arthur H. Rogers ,  Kevin J. Sullivan ,  Gerald R. Mansfield

IPC: G01T1/18 ,  H01J47/06

CPC classification number: H01J47/065

Abstract: An inner and outer cylindrical cathode are concentrically positioned about a vertical center axis. Vertical anode electrodes extend parallel to the center axis and are symmetrically arranged around the inter-cylinder space between the cathodes. The ends of the anode wires are supported by a pair of insulator rings mounted near the top and bottom of the cathode cylinders. A collection voltage applied to each anode wire for establishing an inward radial E field to the inner cathode cylinder and an outward radial E field to the outer cathode cylinder. The anode-cathode assembly is mounted within a housing containing a conversion gas. A radioactive sample is inserted into the inner cathode which functions as a tubular, deep well radiation window between the sample environment and the conversion gas environment. A portion of the gamma radiations passing through the inter-cylinder region interact with the conversion gas to produce free electrons which are accelerated by the E fields and collected on the anode wires. The extremely small diameter of the anode wires intensifies the electric fields proximate each wire causing avalanche multiplication of the free electrons resulting in a detectable charge pulse.

Abstract translation: 内圆柱形阴极和外圆柱形阴极围绕垂直中心轴线同心定位。 垂直阳极电极平行于中心轴线延伸，并且围绕阴极之间的气缸间间隔对称地布置。 阳极线的端部由安装在阴极筒的顶部和底部附近的一对绝缘体环支撑。 施加到每个阳极线的收集电压，以建立到内阴极筒的向内径向E场和向外部阴极筒的向外径向E场。 阳极 - 阴极组件安装在包含转化气体的壳体内。 将放射性样品插入内阴极，其作用在样品环境和转化气体环境之间的管状深井辐射窗口。 通过气缸间区域的伽马辐射的一部分与转化气体相互作用以产生由E场加速并收集在阳极线上的自由电子。 阳极线的非常小的直径增强了每个线附近的电场，导致自由电子的雪崩倍增，产生可检测的充电脉冲。

公开(公告)号：US4188532A

公开(公告)日：1980-02-12

申请号：US873567

申请日：1978-01-30

Applicant: Harry W. Deckman ,  Gerald M. Halpern

Inventor： Harry W. Deckman ,  Gerald M. Halpern

IPC: H01J47/06 ,  H05H1/22 ,  G01J1/00

CPC classification number: G21B1/19 ,  H01J47/065 ,  Y02E30/16

Abstract: In order to assay the tritium fuel content in laser fusion targets and/or to measure the pressurization of laser fusion targets of the type which use deuterium and tritium (DT) gas mixtures, without destroying the targets, the flux of beta particles which emerges from the target is measured with the aid of a gas flow proportional counter. The count rates are related to the tritium content and the pressurization. The tritium content in terms of the mass of the tritium in the target can be derived from the counting rate.

Abstract translation: 为了测定激光融合靶中的氚燃料含量和/或测量使用氘和氚（DT）气体混合物的类型的激光熔化靶的加压，而不破坏靶，则出现的β粒子的通量 借助气流比例计数器测量目标。 计数率与氚含量和加压有关。 目标中的氚质量的氚含量可以从计数率得出。

公开(公告)号：US09111737B2

公开(公告)日：2015-08-18

申请号：US13503211

申请日：2010-09-17

Applicant: Ioannis Giomataris ,  Rui De Oliveira

Inventor： Ioannis Giomataris ,  Rui De Oliveira

IPC: H05K13/00 ,  H01J47/06

CPC classification number: H01J47/065 ,  H01J47/06

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved method for fabricating the amplification gap of an avalanche particle detector in which two parallel electrodes are spaced apart by dielectric spacer elements. A foil including a bulk layer made of dielectric material sandwiched by two mutually parallel metallic electrodes is provided, and holes are formed in one of the metallic layers by means of photolithography. The amplification gap is then formed in the bulk layer by means of carefully controlled etching of the bulk material through the holes formed in one of the metallic layers. The invention not only provides a simplified fabrication process, but also results in a detector with enhanced spatial and energy resolution.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种用于制造雪崩粒子检测器的放大间隙的改进方法，其中两个平行电极由电介质间隔元件隔开。 提供了包括由两个相互平行的金属电极夹持的电介质材料制成的体层的箔，并且通过光刻法在一个金属层中形成孔。 然后通过对通过在一个金属层中形成的孔形成的本体材料进行仔细控制的蚀刻，在体层中形成放大间隙。 本发明不仅提供了简化的制造工艺，而且还产生具有增强的空间和能量分辨率的检测器。

公开(公告)号：US20120264064A1

公开(公告)日：2012-10-18

申请号：US13503211

申请日：2010-09-17

Applicant: Ioannis Giomataris ,  Rui De Oliveira

Inventor： Ioannis Giomataris ,  Rui De Oliveira

IPC: H05K13/00 ,  G03F7/20

CPC classification number: H01J47/065 ,  H01J47/06

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved method for fabricating the amplification gap of an avalanche particle detector in which two parallel electrodes are spaced apart by dielectric spacer elements. A foil including a bulk layer made of dielectric material sandwiched by two mutually parallel metallic electrodes is provided, and holes are formed in one of the metallic layers by means of photolithography. The amplification gap is then formed in the bulk layer by means of carefully controlled etching of the bulk material through the holes formed in one of the metallic layers. The invention not only provides a simplified fabrication process, but also results in a detector with enhanced spatial and energy resolution.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种用于制造雪崩粒子检测器的放大间隙的改进方法，其中两个平行电极由电介质间隔元件隔开。 提供了包括由两个相互平行的金属电极夹持的电介质材料制成的体层的箔，并且通过光刻法在一个金属层中形成孔。 然后通过对通过在一个金属层中形成的孔形成的本体材料进行仔细控制的蚀刻，在体层中形成放大间隙。 本发明不仅提供了简化的制造工艺，而且还产生具有增强的空间和能量分辨率的检测器。

公开(公告)号：WO2011050884A1

公开(公告)日：2011-05-05

申请号：PCT/EP2010/005729

申请日：2010-09-17

Applicant: CERN - EUROPEAN ORGANIZATION FOR NUCLEAR RESEARCH ,  CEA ,  GIOMATARIS, Ioannis ,  DE OLIVEIRA, Rui

Inventor： GIOMATARIS, Ioannis ,  DE OLIVEIRA, Rui

IPC: H01J47/06

CPC classification number: H01J47/065 ,  H01J47/06

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved method for fabricating the amplification gap of an avalanche particle detector in which two parallel electrodes are spaced apart by dielectric spacer elements. A foil including a bulk layer made of dielectric material sandwiched by two mutually parallel metallic electrodes is provided, and holes are formed in one of the metallic layers by means of photolithography. The amplification gap is then formed in the bulk layer by means of carefully controlled etching of the bulk material through the holes formed in one of the metallic layers. The invention not only provides a simplified fabrication process, but also results in a detector with enhanced spatial and energy resolution.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种用于制造雪崩粒子检测器的放大间隙的改进方法，其中两个平行电极由电介质间隔元件隔开。 提供了包括由两个相互平行的金属电极夹持的电介质材料制成的体层的箔，并且通过光刻法在一个金属层中形成孔。 然后通过对通过在一个金属层中形成的孔形成的本体材料进行仔细控制的蚀刻，在体层中形成放大间隙。 本发明不仅提供了简化的制造工艺，而且还产生具有增强的空间和能量分辨率的检测器。

公开(公告)号：WO1983002331A1

公开(公告)日：1983-07-07

申请号：PCT/US1982001772

申请日：1982-12-20

Applicant: MEDICAL AND SCIENTIFIC DESIGNS, INC.

Inventor： MEDICAL AND SCIENTIFIC DESIGNS, INC. ,  ROGERS, Arthur, H. ,  SULLIVAN, Kevin, J. ,  MANSFIELD, Gerald, R.

IPC: G01T01/18

CPC classification number: H01J47/065

Abstract: An inner cylindrical cathode (112) and outer cylindrical cathode (106C) are concentrically positioned about a vertical center axis. Vertical anode electrodes (130) extend parallel to the center axis and are symmetrically arranged around the inter-cylinder space (126I) between the cathodes. The ends of the anode wires are supported by a pair of insulator rings (132T) and (132B) mounted near the top and bottom of the cathode cylinders. A collection voltage applied to each anode wire (130) for establishing an inward radial E field to the inner cathode cylinder (112) and an outward radial E field to the outer cathode cylinder (106). The anode-cathode assembly is mounted within a housing (106) containing a conversion gas. A radioactive sample (116) is inserted into the inner cathode (112) which functions as a tubular, deep well radiation window between the sample environment and the conversion gas environment. A portion of the gamma radiations passing through the inter-cylinder region (126I) interact with the conversion gas to produce free electrons which are accelerated by the E fields and collected on the anode wires (130). The extremely small diameter of the anode wires intensifies the electric fields proximate each wire causing avalanche multiplication of the free electrons resulting in a detectable charge pulse.

Abstract translation: 内圆柱形阴极（112）和外圆柱形阴极（106C）围绕垂直中心轴线同心定位。 垂直阳极电极（130）平行于中心轴线延伸并且围绕阴极之间的气缸间空间（126I）对称布置。 阳极线的端部由安装在阴极筒顶部和底部附近的一对绝缘体环（132T）和（132B）支撑。 施加到每个阳极线（130）的收集电压，用于建立到内阴极筒（112）的向内径向E场和到外阴极筒（106）的向外径向E场。 阳极 - 阴极组件安装在包含转化气体的壳体（106）内。 将放射性样品（116）插入到内部阴极（112）中，其用作在样品环境和转化气体环境之间的管状，深井辐射窗口。 穿过气缸间区域（126I）的伽马辐射的一部分与转化气体相互作用以产生由E场加速并收集在阳极线（130）上的自由电子。 阳极线的非常小的直径增强了每个线附近的电场，导致自由电子的雪崩倍增，产生可检测的充电脉冲。

公开(公告)号：EP2317538B1

公开(公告)日：2017-03-22

申请号：EP09290825.0

申请日：2009-10-28

Applicant: CERN - European Organization For Nuclear Research ,  CEA

Inventor： Giomataris, Ioannis ,  Rui de Oliveira

IPC: H01J47/06

CPC classification number: H01J47/065 ,  H01J47/06

公开(公告)号：EP0097705A1

公开(公告)日：1984-01-11

申请号：EP83900394.0

申请日：1982-12-20

Applicant: MEDICAL AND SCIENTIFIC DESIGNS INC.

Inventor： ROGERS, Arthur H. ,  SULLIVAN, Kevin J. ,  MANSFIELD, Gerald R.

IPC: G01T1 ,  H01J47

CPC classification number: H01J47/065

Abstract: Une cathode intérieure cylindrique (112) et une cathode extérieure cylindrique (106C) sont positionnées concentriquement autour d'un axe central vertical. Des électrodes d'anodes verticales (130) s'étendent parallèlement à l'axe central et sont disposées symétriquement autour de l'espace inter-cylindrique (126I) entre les cathodes. Les extrémités des fils d'anodes sont supportées par une paire d'anneaux isolateurs (132T) et (132B) montés à proximité du sommet et du fond des cylindres de cathode. Une tension d'accrochage appliquée à chaque fil d'anode (130) permet d'établir un champ radial E dirigé vers l'intérieur vers le cylindre intérieur de cathode (112) et un champ radial E dirigé vers l'extérieur vers le cylindre de cathode extérieure (106). L'assemblage anode-cathode est monté à l'intérieur d'une enceinte (106) contenant un gaz de conversion. Un échantillon radioactif (116) est inséré dans la cathode intérieure (112) qui fait office de fenêtre tubulaire de radiation de puits profond entre l'environnement d'échantillon et l'environnement de gaz de conversion. Une partie des radiations gamma traversant la région inter-cylindrique (126I) réagit réciproquement avec le gaz de conversion pour produire des électrons libres qui sont accélérés par les champs E et recueillis sur les fils d'anodes (130). Le diamètre extrêmement fin des fils d'anodes intensifie les champs électriques à proximité de chaque fil produisant une multiplication en cascade des électrons libres, ce qui donne lieu à une impulsion de charge détectable.

公开(公告)号：EP2494583A1

公开(公告)日：2012-09-05

申请号：EP10754895.0

申请日：2010-09-17

Applicant: CERN - European Organization For Nuclear Research ,  CEA

Inventor： GIOMATARIS, Ioannis ,  DE OLIVEIRA, Rui

IPC: H01J47/06

CPC classification number: H01J47/065 ,  H01J47/06

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved method for fabricating the amplification gap of an avalanche particle detector in which two parallel electrodes are spaced apart by dielectric spacer elements. A foil including a bulk layer made of dielectric material sandwiched by two mutually parallel metallic electrodes is provided, and holes are formed in one of the metallic layers by means of photolithography. The amplification gap is then formed in the bulk layer by means of carefully controlled etching of the bulk material through the holes formed in one of the metallic layers. The invention not only provides a simplified fabrication process, but also results in a detector with enhanced spatial and energy resolution.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种用于制造雪崩颗粒探测器的放大间隙的改进方法，其中两个平行电极通过介电间隔元件间隔开。 提供包括由介电材料制成的由两个相互平行的金属电极夹持的体层的箔，并且通过光刻在其中一个金属层中形成孔。 然后通过小心地控制通过形成在其中一个金属层中的孔的大块材料的蚀刻，在体层中形成放大间隙。 本发明不仅提供简化的制造工艺，而且还导致具有增强的空间和能量分辨率的检测器。

公开(公告)号：EP2317538A1

公开(公告)日：2011-05-04

申请号：EP09290825.0

申请日：2009-10-28

Applicant: CERN - European Organization For Nuclear Research ,  CEA

Inventor： Giomataris, Ioannis ,  Rui de Oliveira

IPC: H01J47/06

CPC classification number: H01J47/065 ,  H01J47/06

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved method for fabricating the amplification gap of an avalanche particle detector in which two parallel electrodes are spaced apart by dielectric spacer elements. A foil including a bulk layer made of dielectric material sandwiched by two mutually parallel metallic electrodes is provided, and holes are formed in one of the metallic layers by means of photolithography. The amplification gap is then formed in the bulk layer by means of carefully controlled etching of the bulk material through the holes formed in one of the metallic layers. The invention not only provides a simplified fabrication process, but also results in a detector with enhanced spatial and energy resolution.