Abstract:
Production of a catalyst comprised of a fine-particulate carrier and palladium metal for the partial dehalogenation of di- and/or trichloracetic acids in the presence of hydrogen to produce monochloracetic acid, wherein the dry porous carrier is impregnated with a palladium salt solution and the palladium absorbed by the carrier is reduced to palladium metal with the use of a suitable reducing agent. More particularly the palladium metal is concentrated exclusively on the surface of the carrier by impregnating and partially saturating the dry, fineparticulate carrier with the pure palladium salt solvent; by continuing impregnation until complete saturation of the carrier so pretreated with the necessary quantity of palladium salt solution; and by reducing the palladium salt applied to the carrier to palladium in known manner.
Abstract:
Heterogeneous catalytic reactions are carried out continuously in liquid phase. A substantially uniform suspension of liquid starting material and fine particulate catalyst together with resulting reaction product is continuously conveyed upwardly in a reaction zone by the introduction, in accordance with the principle of an airlift pump, of a gas or vaporous material near the bottom of the reaction zone, and recycled downwardly through a reflux line to the bottom of the reaction zone. The path of liquid material through the reflux line is interrupted by an injector system situated in a closed catalyst-separating zone containing reaction product. Following establishment of the reaction equilibrium, starting material is continuously supplied near the bottom of the reaction zone and crude but catalyst-free reaction product continuously removed near the head of the catalyst-separating zone. Reaction product which is to be removed is caused to travel through the catalyst-separating zone with the injector system therein towards the reaction product outlet at a velocity smaller than the sedimentation velocity of the catalyst under the prevailing operational conditions.
Abstract:
PROCESS FOR MAKING 1,2-DICHLOROETHANE The disclosure relates to a process for making 1,2-dichloroethane by reacting ethylene with chlorine in a solvent in the presence of a catalyst, at a temperature of about 20 to 200.degree.C at atmospheric or elevated pressure, and distillatively separating the 1,2-dichloroetha-ne from the chlorination mixture. The disclosure provides more particularly for the catalyst used to be an anhydrous tetrachloroferrate(1-) or a substance capable of forming a tetrachloroferrate(1-) in the reaction mixture.
Abstract:
PROCESS FOR MAKING 1,2-DICHLOROETHANE The disclosure relates to a process for making 1,2-di-chloroethane by reacting ethylene and chlorine in a reaction zone at a temperature of about 75 to 200.degree.C, under a pressure of about 1 to 15 bars and over a mean period of time of about 1 to 15 hours; the reaction zone has a liquid medium containing chlorinated C2-hydrocarbons circulated therein and contains a chlorination-inducing catalyst. More particularly, the 1,2-dichloroethane is produced inside a double loop reactor.
Abstract:
The disclosure relates to a process for making 1,2-dichloroethane by reacting ethylene with chlorine in a solvent in the presence of a catalyst, at a temperature of about 20 DEG to 200 DEG C. at atmospheric or elevated pressure, and distillatively separating the 1,2-dichloroethane from the chlorination mixture. The disclosure provides more particularly for the catalyst used to be an anhydrous tetrachloroferrate(1-) or a substance capable of forming a tetrachloroferrate(1-) in the reaction mixture.
Abstract:
The disclosure relates to a process for making 1,2-dichloroethane by reacting ethylene with chlorine in a solvent in the presence of a catalyst, at a temperature of about 20 DEG to 200 DEG C. at atmospheric or elevated pressure, and distillatively separating the 1,2-dichloroethane from the chlorination mixture. The disclosure provides more particularly for the catalyst used to be an anhydrous tetrachloroferrate(1-) or a substance capable of forming a tetrachloroferrate(1-) in the reaction mixture.