公开(公告)号：WO1989001647A1

公开(公告)日：1989-02-23

申请号：PCT/US1988002742

申请日：1988-08-12

Applicant: HUGHES AIRCRAFT COMPANY

Inventor： HUGHES AIRCRAFT COMPANY ,  GRINBERG, Jan ,  O'MEARA, Thomas, R. ,  OWECHKO, Yuri ,  PEDINOFF, Melvin, E. ,  SOFFER, Bernard, H.

IPC: G02F01/29

CPC classification number: G02F1/292 ,  G02F1/134336 ,  G02F1/1347 ,  G02F1/1393 ,  G02F2203/01 ,  G02F2203/02 ,  G02F2203/24

Abstract: An optical beam scanner incorporating an array of beam deflection elements commonly controlled to steer an optical beam impingent on the array is described. The beam steering elements are arranged in the array as individually controlled elements and the deflection of the beam is accomplished by setting the phase tilt and the phase offset of each element according to a calculation which removes modulo 2 pi phase shift from the required position relative to a flat plane. Thus, the array elements can be thin and need only supply about 2 radians of phase shift. These elements may be incorporated in a planar array using beam deflection elements such as liquid crystal beam deflectors by choosing a drive scheme representing either a blazed array or a flat piston array. Operation may be designed for a large range of light wavelengths and the system may efficiently accommodate a combination of the blazed and flat piston techniques to obtain beam deflection characteristics otherwise unavailable by the exclusive use of each individual technique. By use of the liquid crystal phased array approach, rapid, high accuracy, large area beam deflection is possible without the necessity of any moving parts and with low power drive requirements. Phased arrays of the type described above may be arranged in successive parallel planes with an common beam axis to provide two-dimensional beam deflection.

Abstract translation: 描述了一种光束扫描器，其包括通常被控制以引导照射在阵列上的光束的光束偏转元件阵列。 光束操纵元件作为独立控制的元件布置在阵列中，并且通过根据计算来设置每个元件的相位倾斜和相位偏移来实现光束的偏转，该计算从相对于所需位置移除模2π相移 平面飞机 因此，阵列元件可以是薄的，并且仅需要提供约2弧度的相移。 通过选择表示闪耀阵列或平坦活塞阵列的驱动方案，这些元件可以使用诸如液晶束偏转器的光束偏转元件并入平面阵列中。 操作可以设计用于大范围的光波长，并且系统可以有效地适应闪耀和平坦活塞技术的组合以获得否则不能通过各自独占技术的独占使用而获得光束偏转特性。 通过使用液晶相位阵列方法，可以快速，高精度，大面积的光束偏转，而不需要任何移动部件和低功率驱动要求。 上述类型的相控阵列可以布置在具有公共射束轴的连续平行平面中，以提供二维射束偏转。

公开(公告)号：WO1988001753A1

公开(公告)日：1988-03-10

申请号：PCT/US1987001709

申请日：1987-07-20

Applicant: HUGHES AIRCRAFT COMPANY

Inventor： HUGHES AIRCRAFT COMPANY ,  OWECHKO, Yuri

IPC: G02F01/29

CPC classification number: G02F1/135 ,  G02F1/292

Abstract: A light deflector apparatus and method which provides an optical intensity-to-position mapping as well as optical switching capabilities. An array of voltage gradient modules (24, 26, 28) are provided in a layer of electro-optic material (52), such as liquid crystals, by establishing variable spatial voltage gradients and accompanying electric fields in a direction transverse to input light (57). The voltage gradients are varied in accordance with the optical intensities at corresponding locations in the received light (57), resulting in optical outputs which vary in direction in accordance with the voltage gradient variations. The directional outputs are then focused to produce a positional mapping (64, 66, 68) of the input light intensities. The voltage gradients are preferably established by an interdigitated electrode array (50) and a counter electrode (54) on opposite sides of the liquid crystal (52). Reflective and transmissive light valve embodiments are described in which the voltage gradient modules form voltage dividers with an underlying photoconductive layer (56). A fiber optic switch is also described.

Abstract translation: 一种提供光强度到位置映射以及光学切换能力的光偏转器装置和方法。 通过在横向于输入光的方向上建立可变的空间电压梯度和伴随的电场，将电压梯度模块（24,26,28）的阵列设置在诸如液晶的电光材料层（52）中 57）。 电压梯度根据接收光中相应位置处的光强度而变化（57），导致根据电压梯度变化在方向上变化的光输出。 然后将方向输出聚焦以产生输入光强度的位置映射（64,66,68）。 电压梯度优选通过在液晶（52）的相对侧上的叉指电极阵列（50）和对电极（54）来建立。 描述了反射和透射光阀实施例，其中电压梯度模块与下面的光电导层（56）形成分压器。 还描述了光纤开关。

公开(公告)号：WO1988007701A1

公开(公告)日：1988-10-06

申请号：PCT/US1988000471

申请日：1988-02-16

Applicant: HUGHES AIRCRAFT COMPANY

Inventor： HUGHES AIRCRAFT COMPANY ,  LITTLE, Michael, J. ,  EFRON, Uzi ,  BRAATZ, Paul, O. ,  SCHWARTZ, Robert, N. ,  OWECHKO, Yuri ,  WELKOWSKY, Murray, S.

IPC: G02F01/135

CPC classification number: G02F1/133348 ,  G02F1/135

Abstract: A pulsed readout technique is described for liquid crystal light valves which eliminates the problem of readout beam leakage through the light valve mirror. The readout beam is pulsed on only when the light valve's semiconductor layer is out of a depletion state. This can occur during an accumulation state or, in certain applications, during a specially inserted quiescent period in the light valve voltage cycle. The invention is applicable to light valves with various types of modulating inputs, and can be used with either dielectric or metal matrix mirrors.

公开(公告)号：WO1989006819A1

公开(公告)日：1989-07-27

申请号：PCT/US1988004239

申请日：1988-11-28

Applicant: HUGHES AIRCRAFT COMPANY

Inventor： HUGHES AIRCRAFT COMPANY ,  SOFFER, Bernard, H. ,  OWECHKO, Yuri

IPC: G02B27/46

CPC classification number: G02B27/46 ,  G06K9/58

Abstract: An apparatus and method for processing optical beams designed to adaptively spatially threshold or filter an intensity histogram spectrum for re-transformation to a two-dimensional thresholded optical output. Such apparatus and method is used in optical computing and logic processing to selectively pass only certain light intensities, thereby blocking undesirable background noise while passing the desired signals. An incoming histogram light beam, containing an optical position distribution corresponding to the intensity distribution of an original optical beam, is split into first and second beams. The first beam is directed at a light detector array which transforms the optical position intensities of the first beam into directly proportional electrical signals. These signals are sent to a microprocessor which analyzes this input, determines the intensity distribution, calculates the algebraic mean and variance, sets the intensity threshold level based on pre-set information, and sends an electronic voltage signal to an optical selective reflector. The optical reflector, preferably a CCD LCLV, is positioned to receive the second split beam, and is instructed by the electronic voltage signal to selectively reflect only certain optical intensities onto an inverse Fourier transform lens. This lens re-transforms the quasi-one-dimensional second split beam into the desired two-dimensional thresholded optical output.

Abstract translation: 一种用于处理光束的装置和方法，其被设计成自适应地空间阈值或滤波强度直方图谱，以便重新转换为二维阈值光输出。 这种装置和方法用于光学计算和逻辑处理中，以选择性地仅通过某些光强度，从而在传递所需信号的同时阻止不期望的背景噪声。 包含与原始光束的强度分布对应的光学位置分布的入射直方图光束被分割成第一和第二光束。 第一光束被引导到光检测器阵列，其将第一光束的光学位置强度变换成直接成比例的电信号。 这些信号被发送到分析该输入的微处理器，确定强度分布，计算代数均值和方差，基于预置信息设置强度阈值电平，并将电子电压信号发送到光学选择反射器。 光反射器（优选CCD LCLV）被定位成接收第二分束，并且由电子电压信号指示，以仅选择性地将某些光强度反射到傅里叶逆变换透镜上。 该透镜将准一维第二分割光束重新变换为期望的二维阈值光学输出。

公开(公告)号：WO1987005423A1

公开(公告)日：1987-09-11

申请号：PCT/US1987000149

申请日：1987-01-27

Applicant: HUGHES AIRCRAFT COMPANY

Inventor： HUGHES AIRCRAFT COMPANY ,  GRINBERG, Jan ,  OWECHKO, Yuri ,  SOFFER, Bernard, H. ,  MAROM, Emanuel

IPC: G06G09/00

CPC classification number: G06E3/005

Abstract: Optical data processing systems for processing four NxN matrices A, B, C, D to calculate the expression CA-1B+D. Multi-cell spatial light modulators (36, 38, 40, 42, 44 and 46) are employed in conjunction with control circuits to perform matrix inversion, multiplication and addition.

公开(公告)号：WO1987004548A1

公开(公告)日：1987-07-30

申请号：PCT/US1986002699

申请日：1986-12-16

Applicant: HUGHES AIRCRAFT COMPANY

Inventor： HUGHES AIRCRAFT COMPANY ,  MAROM, Emanuel ,  OWECHKO, Yuri ,  SOFFER, Bernard, H.

IPC: G06G09/00

CPC classification number: G06E3/005

Abstract: Optical analog data processing systems for handling both bipolar and complex data. Multi-cell spatial light modulators are employed in which a plurality of modulation areas are used in conjunction with space and time multiplexed configurations to process bipolar and complex data elements. Multi-cell light detector arrays are used to convert modulated light into signals representing the processed data.

Abstract translation: 用于处理双极和复杂数据的光学模拟数据处理系统。 采用多单元空间光调制器，其中多个调制区域与空间和时间复用配置一起使用以处理双极和复数数据元素。 多单元光检测器阵列用于将调制的光转换成表示处理数据的信号。

公开(公告)号：WO1990009641A1

公开(公告)日：1990-08-23

申请号：PCT/US1990000627

申请日：1990-02-02

Applicant: HUGHES AIRCRAFT COMPANY

Inventor： HUGHES AIRCRAFT COMPANY ,  OWECHKO, Yuri

IPC: G06F15/80

CPC classification number: G06E3/00 ,  G06N3/067

Abstract: An optical neural network stores optical transmission weightings as angularly and spatially distributed gratings within a phase conjugate mirror (PCM) (38), the PCM (38) using a stimulated process to generate a phase conjugated return beam without separate external pump mechanisms. An error signal is generated in response to differences between the actual and a desired output optical pattern, and is used to adjust the PCM gratings toward the desired output. One or more intermediate image planes may be employed along with the input and output planes. The input and intermediate planes, as well as the error signal, are preferably displayed on the surface of a spatial light modulator (28). The output optical signal is transduced into an electrical format for training the neural network, with the error signal also generated electrically. A significant increase in neuron and interconnection capacity is realized, without cross-talk between neurons, compared to prior optical neural networks.

公开(公告)号：WO1989012249A2

公开(公告)日：1989-12-14

申请号：PCT/US1989001686

申请日：1989-04-24

Applicant: HUGHES AIRCRAFT COMPANY

Inventor： HUGHES AIRCRAFT COMPANY ,  EFRON, Uzi ,  OWECHKO, Yuri

IPC: G02F01/35

CPC classification number: G02F1/3538 ,  G02F1/135

Abstract: An optical light valve system (10) for providing an amplified phase conjugated replica (S1*) of a potentially low intensity phase aberrated optical signal beam (S1) is disclosed herein. The optical light valve system (10) of the present invention includes a reference beam source (17) for providing a coherent reference beam (R) having first and second components of first and second polarization states, respectively. Further included is a signal beam source (15) for providing a coherent signal beam (S) of the first polarization state. An improved optical light valve (20) phase conjugates the second component of the reference beam in response to the aberrated beam (S1*).

公开(公告)号：WO1988010497A2

公开(公告)日：1988-12-29

申请号：PCT/US1988001473

申请日：1988-05-09

Applicant: HUGHES AIRCRAFT COMPANY

Inventor： HUGHES AIRCRAFT COMPANY ,  OWECHKO, Yuri

IPC: G11C15/00

CPC classification number: G11C15/00

Abstract: An associative memory system is provided which is a hybrid of optical and electronic components. In the preferred embodiment, a Fourier transform hologram is used to convolve a reference beam with correlated input images and stored object images. An electronic iteration loop is provided which is used to derive an enhanced reference beam for use in matching and enhancing the associative memory of the hologram with the object input plane image. The iteration loop of electronic components comprises a vidicon which receives the correlation plane image and provides that image in the form of an electronic signal to an electronic thresholding device or image processor. The image processor is capable of viewing the data at the rate of 30 frames per second and is used in the preferred embodiment to threshold the data with reference to the greatest amplitude portion of the correlation spot provided to the vidicon. After the electronic threshold has processed the signal, an improved signal is provided to the cathode ray tube screen. This processed signal is used to phase-modulate a projection light readout beam through use of a liquid crystal light valve. A polarizing beam splitter converts the phase modulation of the readout beam to an amplitude modulation wherein an enhanced reference beam is derived which is processed back to the hologram for readout at the output plane of the system. In this manner a variable-gain fast response electronic and optical component hybrid is provided for use as an associative memory.

公开(公告)号：WO1987002505A2

公开(公告)日：1987-04-23

申请号：PCT/US1986002033

申请日：1986-09-26

Applicant: HUGHES AIRCRAFT COMPANY

Inventor： HUGHES AIRCRAFT COMPANY ,  MAROM, Emanuel ,  SOFFER, Bernard, H. ,  OWECHKO, Yuri ,  DUNNING, Gilmore, J. ,  PEPPER, David, M. ,  KLEIN, Marvin, B. ,  LIND, Richard, C.

IPC: G11C15/00

CPC classification number: G06N3/067 ,  G11C15/00

Abstract: Associative holography memory apparatus (10) which employs a hologram (12) and two phase conjugate mirrors (14, 16). The mirrors (14, 16) are arranged to form a conjugate resonator whereby the output image (44) from the apparatus tends to converge to that stored image most closely associated with an input image (32). Alternate embodiments are described which employ a multiple storage and erasure hologram (52), and which employ only a single phase conjugate mirror (14).