公开(公告)号：US3450838A

公开(公告)日：1969-06-17

申请号：US44468665

申请日：1965-04-01

Applicant: IBM

Inventor： BANDAT KURT ,  ROTHAUSER ERNST

IPC: G10L21/00 ,  G10L21/04 ,  H04M1/00

CPC classification number: G10L21/04 ,  G10L21/00

Abstract: 1,072,998. Vocoders. INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION. Sept. 27, 1965 [Oct. 16, 1964], No. 40964/65. Heading H4R. In a vocoder the aggregate function signals and the excitation function signal are modified to give the effect of recorded speech replayed at an incorrect speed. Fig. 1 shows an embodiment in which outputs of the spectrum analysis channels, defining the aggregate function, are sampled sequentially by switch AS and the resulting signals fed to the analogue to digital converter ADW the parallel binary outputs of which are rendered serial by the switch PSW1 so that the signal at point (a) comprises multi. plexed binary coded information, each time slot in a frame containing, in a binary code, a value representing the energy in a corresponding analysis channel. The signal is then fed to a series chain of delay lines DL1 to DL4 each of which has a delay of one time slot. In normal circumstances, with switch S on position N the coded information is delayed by two time slots in lines DL1 and DL3 before being fed to an output terminal SC, the framing of this signal corresponding to that used at the receiver. By operating switch S the delay DL1 may be cut out or the delay DL2 inserted causing the signal at terminal SC to be advanced or retarded by one time slot so that, at the receiver, the reconstituted aggregate function, having been demultiplexed by a switching device whose framing remains constant, will be shifted up or down in frequency by the frequency difference between adjacent analysis channel centres. With a change in frequency of the aggregate function a change in shape may be desirable, e.g. a sharpening or broadening of peaks in the energy distribution; this is provided by adding to, in adder A2, or subtracting from, in subtracter SB, the signal appearing on the output of delay line DL3 a signal derived by adding together in adder A1 proportions, select edby multipliers M1 and M2, of the signals in the adjacent analysis channels, i.e. signals before the one time slot delay DL3 and after the one time slot delay DL4. The signals in the outputs of the adder A2 and subtracter SB are multiplied in 1 multipliers Fl and F2 by the factors - 1+2n 1 and - respectively to provide outputs 1-2n SCB and SCS which may be used instead of the output SC, the output used being selected on a subjective basis. At the same time the excitation function requires modification to provide a change in pitch. In a system, such as described in Specification 991,994, in which successive pitch pulses reset a binary counter Z and then gate the output of a pulse generator TG into the counter so that the state of the counter before resetting may be transmitted as a binary code corresponding to the instantaneous pitch frequency, the pitch frequency may be varied by taking the counter output, rendered in serial form by switch PSW2, and multiplying .the binary signal by an appropriate factor in a multiplier M3. Alternatively the frequency of the pulse generator TG may be varied by the appropriate amount . to give the required change in pitch. With the change in frequency scale produced as described above a corresponding change in time scale or articulation rate may be produced by the apparatus of Fig. 4. In this embodiment, for use in a system in which pitch pulses govern the sampling rate in the aggregate function transmission, the individual pitch pulses are fed to the circuit DS which drives stepping switches S1 and S2 which have the pitch pulses applied on their fixed contacts. With switch S5 on the normal position N the pitch pulses feed directly to drive the multiplexing switch PSW3. With switch S5 on position T one pulse in every six is eliminated while with switch S5 on position H every sixth pulse is repeated by the delay line DLY2, so that the articulation rate is changed by suppressing or by repeating every sixth sample, a store Sp being provided to buffer the transmitted signals. An alternative arrangement for modifying the aggregate function is shown in Fig. 5 in which the aggregate function signal passes through three unit time slot delays SP1, SP2, and SP3 and the shift in frequency and modification of shape is provided by the suitable manipulation of switches S3 and S4 connecting the multipliers M1 1 , M2 1 , and M3 1 , and the inputs and outputs of the lines. Again the pitch may be varied by multiplier M4 and the articulation rate changed in EL before the signals are stored for transmission in SP.

公开(公告)号：GB1093102A

公开(公告)日：1967-11-29

申请号：GB1316665

申请日：1965-03-29

Applicant: IBM

Inventor： BANDAT KURT ,  LAMPARTER HELMUT ,  PAULUS ERWIN ,  ROTHAUSER ERNST ,  SPRUTH WILHELM

IPC: G10L25/90

Abstract: 1,093,102. Vocoder excitation function generator; pulse modulation systems. INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION. March 29, 1965 [April 6, 1964], No. 13166/65. Headings H4L and H4R. In a vocoder the excitation function, which is a series of pulses corresponding to unidirectional zero crossings of the fundamental frequency of the speech, is treated to reduce the effect of noise on the speech by deriving from the pulse train the mean value of the pulse spacing over a predetermined time interval and transmitting a pulse at this pulse spacing. The process is repeated for successive time intervals, each time interval commencing at a time after the commencement of the preceding time interval which is equal to the pulse spacing derived during the preceding time interval. The mean pulse spacing may be obtained by weighting each pulse spacing in the incoming signal in accordance with the time of occurrence of the pulse after the commencement of the interval, adding the weighted pulse spacings, and dividing the sum by a suitable factor. The Figure shows an excitation function generator for a vocoder in which the incoming speech is applied via a non-linear circuit NLG and a filter BP to a zero crossing detector ND and a pulse shaper IF to produce a pulse at every zero crossing in one direction of the fundamental frequency of the speech. The speech is also applied to a voiced-unvoiced detector D the output of which operates gates T1 and T2 so that during unvoiced sounds, when the excitation pulses are randomly spaced, the excitation pulses are fed direct to the output ANK 1 while during voiced sounds the pulses are fed to the units 1 to IV in order to derive the mean pulse spacings in accordance with the invention. The unit I comprises a device which measures the spacing between each pair of excitation pulses and stores these measured pulse spacings. The unit II then sums these pulse spacings over a measured interval, weighted in accordance with the time of occurrence after the start of the time interval if required, and divides them by the number of pulses, or some function thereof, to obtain the mean pulse spacing which is used in unit IV to generate the output excitation function pulse train. It is stated that the arrangement introduces some degradation into speech signals but may be advantageous under noisy conditions.

公开(公告)号：CA792409A

公开(公告)日：1968-08-13

申请号：CA792409D

Applicant: IBM

Inventor： ROTHAUSER ERNST ,  BANDAT KURT

公开(公告)号：DE1206027B

公开(公告)日：1965-12-02

申请号：DEJ0025599

申请日：1964-04-06

Applicant: IBM DEUTSCHLAND

Inventor： BANDAT KURT ,  ROTHAUSER ERNST

IPC: G10L19/00 ,  G10L19/02

公开(公告)号：CA773268A

公开(公告)日：1967-12-05

申请号：CA773268D

Applicant: IBM

Inventor： BANDAT KURT ,  ROTHAUSER ERNST ,  PAULUS ERWIN

公开(公告)号：CA773266A

公开(公告)日：1967-12-05

申请号：CA773266D

Applicant: IBM

Inventor： BANDAT KURT ,  ROTHAUSER ERNST

公开(公告)号：DE1762485A1

公开(公告)日：1970-05-06

申请号：DE1762485

申请日：1968-06-26

Applicant: IBM

Inventor： BANDAT KURT ,  H ROTHAUSER ERNST ,  PAULUS ERWIN

IPC: G10L19/02

公开(公告)号：CA777967A

公开(公告)日：1968-02-06

申请号：CA777967D

Applicant: IBM

Inventor： SPRUTH WILHELM ,  PAULUS ERWIN ,  BANDAT KURT ,  ROTHAUSER ERNST ,  LAMPARTER HELMUT

公开(公告)号：GB1072998A

公开(公告)日：1967-06-21

申请号：GB4096465

申请日：1965-09-27

Applicant: IBM

Inventor： BANDAT KURT ,  ROTHAUSER ERNST

IPC: G10L21/00 ,  G10L21/04

Abstract: 1,072,998. Vocoders. INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION. Sept. 27, 1965 [Oct. 16, 1964], No. 40964/65. Heading H4R. In a vocoder the aggregate function signals and the excitation function signal are modified to give the effect of recorded speech replayed at an incorrect speed. Fig. 1 shows an embodiment in which outputs of the spectrum analysis channels, defining the aggregate function, are sampled sequentially by switch AS and the resulting signals fed to the analogue to digital converter ADW the parallel binary outputs of which are rendered serial by the switch PSW1 so that the signal at point (a) comprises multi. plexed binary coded information, each time slot in a frame containing, in a binary code, a value representing the energy in a corresponding analysis channel. The signal is then fed to a series chain of delay lines DL1 to DL4 each of which has a delay of one time slot. In normal circumstances, with switch S on position N the coded information is delayed by two time slots in lines DL1 and DL3 before being fed to an output terminal SC, the framing of this signal corresponding to that used at the receiver. By operating switch S the delay DL1 may be cut out or the delay DL2 inserted causing the signal at terminal SC to be advanced or retarded by one time slot so that, at the receiver, the reconstituted aggregate function, having been demultiplexed by a switching device whose framing remains constant, will be shifted up or down in frequency by the frequency difference between adjacent analysis channel centres. With a change in frequency of the aggregate function a change in shape may be desirable, e.g. a sharpening or broadening of peaks in the energy distribution; this is provided by adding to, in adder A2, or subtracting from, in subtracter SB, the signal appearing on the output of delay line DL3 a signal derived by adding together in adder A1 proportions, select edby multipliers M1 and M2, of the signals in the adjacent analysis channels, i.e. signals before the one time slot delay DL3 and after the one time slot delay DL4. The signals in the outputs of the adder A2 and subtracter SB are multiplied in 1 multipliers Fl and F2 by the factors - 1+2n 1 and - respectively to provide outputs 1-2n SCB and SCS which may be used instead of the output SC, the output used being selected on a subjective basis. At the same time the excitation function requires modification to provide a change in pitch. In a system, such as described in Specification 991,994, in which successive pitch pulses reset a binary counter Z and then gate the output of a pulse generator TG into the counter so that the state of the counter before resetting may be transmitted as a binary code corresponding to the instantaneous pitch frequency, the pitch frequency may be varied by taking the counter output, rendered in serial form by switch PSW2, and multiplying .the binary signal by an appropriate factor in a multiplier M3. Alternatively the frequency of the pulse generator TG may be varied by the appropriate amount . to give the required change in pitch. With the change in frequency scale produced as described above a corresponding change in time scale or articulation rate may be produced by the apparatus of Fig. 4. In this embodiment, for use in a system in which pitch pulses govern the sampling rate in the aggregate function transmission, the individual pitch pulses are fed to the circuit DS which drives stepping switches S1 and S2 which have the pitch pulses applied on their fixed contacts. With switch S5 on the normal position N the pitch pulses feed directly to drive the multiplexing switch PSW3. With switch S5 on position T one pulse in every six is eliminated while with switch S5 on position H every sixth pulse is repeated by the delay line DLY2, so that the articulation rate is changed by suppressing or by repeating every sixth sample, a store Sp being provided to buffer the transmitted signals. An alternative arrangement for modifying the aggregate function is shown in Fig. 5 in which the aggregate function signal passes through three unit time slot delays SP1, SP2, and SP3 and the shift in frequency and modification of shape is provided by the suitable manipulation of switches S3 and S4 connecting the multipliers M1 1 , M2 1 , and M3 1 , and the inputs and outputs of the lines. Again the pitch may be varied by multiplier M4 and the articulation rate changed in EL before the signals are stored for transmission in SP.

公开(公告)号：DE19954268B4

公开(公告)日：2005-07-21

申请号：DE19954268

申请日：1999-11-11

Applicant: IBM

Inventor： BANDAT KURT ,  WERNHART HEIDEMARIE

IPC: G06Q10/00 ,  G06F17/60

Abstract: The invention identifies areas in a workflow graph that operate on one workstation-islands that can execute also remote from a central workflow server. Such a remote workstation can even operate physically disconnected from a central server during the interpretation/execution of the island. The workflow model is analyzed and those parts that are defined for execution on one specific workstation are encapsulated. Those parts, called "islands" can be interpreted or executed on the central workflow server, or can be downloaded from the server to a specific remote client workstation. Additionally, the islands in the workflow graph can optionally be transformed, either at the server or after downloading at the destination workstations, towards much more efficiently executable versions of the islands.