Abstract:
The invention relates to, among other things, a masking arrangement comprising two partial areas (16, 18) each containing a pattern for an integrated circuit arrangement. One partial area (16) is surrounded by an auxiliary pattern frame (46). The other partial area (18) is surrounded by another auxiliary pattern frame (76). A simple manufacturing is made possible by using the frames (46, 76).
Abstract:
Testing for leaks in pressure vessels uses a test fluid containing dissolved gases that are the first to escape through a leakage point and can then be detected and measured. The test fluid, water, oil or the like, will contain dissolved gases, ranging from hydrogen, organic or inorganic gases to more exotic compounds such as sulfur hexafluoride. The vessel is filled by evacuating it, feeding in gas to a predetermined pressure and then adding the test fluid. The gas will be the first to escape at a leakage point so that it can be detected and analyzed there with equipment covered by other patents of the present inventor. It is necessary not only to detect the place of leakage but also the amount. This is determined by the concentration of the test gas, as measured by optical means using a mass spectrometer, semiconductors or probes to measure thermal conductivity, electron affinity or resonance characteristics. The initial detection is carried out by manually, or mechanically, operated sniffer probes. The test fluid is recovered and stored after completion of a test.
Abstract:
The method involves filling a test object (26) with a test gas, where the test gas leaking from the object arrive into the surrounding or ambient gas surrounding the object arrive into the object with the presence of a leakage (27). An optical refractive index of the ambient gas and/or the refractive index of the test gas in the object is measured and evaluated as measure for the presence and/or for the dimension of the leakage. An independent claim is also included for an arrangement for leak test of a test object such as container and case.
Abstract:
The method provides localised testing for leaks in containers and/or housings. A test fluid acts on test object. The fluid is pressurised relative to surroundings such that when there is a leak, fluid leaks out from the test object. The point of the leak may be illuminated by light. The test fluid and the light are matched to each other such that the photoacoustic effect can appear. The resulting sound signal can then be detected by sound detector. The test object is only partly illuminated by a spatially limited light bundle. The incident area of light bundle on test object is moved over all points to be examined. When there is a leak, photoacoustically generated sound is detected from the sound detector and characterising parameters are analysed. In dependence on the derived information signal level the characteristic properties of the light bundle are varied such that a closed feedback loop results. The existence of a leak is recognised from the closing of the loop. The location of leak is determined from position of light bundle.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method and an array for detecting foreign substances in the beam path of optical imaging or beam control systems (10), in which the housing enclosing the beam path and the optical components (10') is filled or flushed with a protective gas. Said protective gas is exposed to an intensity-modulated electromagnetic analytical wavefield (4') in a test volume (3). A photoacoustic signal (5) is generated for detecting impurities or foreign gases by means of the photoacoustic effect created when frequency components of the analytical wavefield (4') are absorbed by said foreign gases and/or impurities.
Abstract:
The method uses a selected amount of test gas added during the packing. So that a leakage can be quickly and effectively identified. A gas or a gas mixture is inserted, which in the natural atmosphere is found in only very small concentrations, preferably smaller than 50 ppb. The test gas is quickly and effectively decomposed biologically and/or by natural UV radiation. The gas ethene and/or nitrous oxide gas is used as the test gas. A gas mixture of nitrogen and/or ethene and/or nitrous oxide gas can be used as the test gas.
Abstract:
The method involves immersing the test item (3) filled with a pressurised search fluid, preferably a gas, in a test tank (1) filled with test fluid (2). If any search fluid emerges at a leakage point from the test object, if the search fluid is suitably chosen, it can rise up through the test fluid. The search fluid can then show up on the surface of the test fluid indicating the presence of a leak (5). From the position of the search fluid on the surface of the test fluid the location of the leak can be determined.
Abstract:
Determination of the beat frequency of amplitude- or intensity-modulated pulsed signals, esp. scattered light signals emitted by moving particles and modulated by spatially alternating light/dark effects, is carried out by (a) initiating at the beginning of the signal, a scanning operation which is interrupted at the signal end; (b) measuring, during the scanning operation, the time-dependent signal intensity in a time sweep adapted to the beat frequency and (c) evaluating the resulting measurement sequence to determine the beat frequency. A system for carrying out the determination is also obtained. USE/ADVANTAGE - The process is esp. useful for signal processing in optical velocimeters and esp. laser Doppler anemometers for non-contact local measurement of fluid velocites. It allows determination of the beat frequency of modulated pulsed signals in a wide frequency range and with high measurement rates.