Abstract:
High speed optical modulators can be made of a reverse biased lateral PN diode formed in a silicon rib optical waveguide disposed on a SOI or other silicon based substrate. A PN junction is formed at the boundary of the P and N doped regions. The depletion region at the PN junction overlaps with the center of a guided optical mode propagating through the waveguide. Electrically modulating a reverse biased lateral PN diode causes a phase shift in an optical wave propagating through the waveguide. Prior art forward biased PN and PIN diode modulators have been relatively low speed devices.
Abstract:
High speed optical modulators (700) can be made of k modulators (740) connected in series disposed on one of a variety of semiconductor substrates. An electrical signal propagating in a microwave transmission line (710) is tapped off of the transmission line at regular intervals and is amplified by k distributed amplifiers (720). Each of the outputs of the k distributed amplifiers is connected to a respective one of the k modulators. Distributed amplifier modulators can have much higher modulating speeds than a comparable lumped element modulator, due to the lower capacitance of each of the k modulators. Distributed amplifier modulators can have much higher modulating speeds than a comparable traveling wave modulator, due to the impedance matching provided by the distributed amplifiers.
Abstract:
High speed optical modulators can be made of a reverse biased lateral PN diode formed in a silicon rib optical waveguide disposed on a SOI or other silicon based substrate. A PN junction is formed at the boundary of the P and N doped regions. The depletion region at the PN junction overlaps with the center of a guided optical mode propagating through the waveguide. Electrically modulating a reverse biased lateral PN diode causes a phase shift in an optical wave propagating through the waveguide. Prior art forward biased PN and PIN diode modulators have been relatively low speed devices.