Abstract:
A treatment system (10) includes a feed source (12), a first treatment unit (16) for separating a feed into a first product and a concentrated feed containing less than about 7% total dissolved solids, and a membrane distillation unit (18) for separating the concentrated feed into a second product and a superconcentrated feed containing at least about 14% total dissolved solids. The membrane distillation unit includes hollow fiber membranes (44) having inner bores for receiving the concentrated feed and membrane walls for allowing vapor transmission of distillate. A method includes delivering feed to a first treatment unit where it is separated into first product and concentrated feed streams; delivering the concentrated feed to internal bores of hollow fiber membranes where it is separated into second product and superconcentrated feed streams as vapor passes across the hollow fiber membranes; delivering the superconcentrated feed to a liquid removal unit; and collecting the first and second product streams.
Abstract:
A distillation system and method includes open reservoirs (12,14) and pluralities of hollow fiber membranes (38) and hollow tubes (46) extending through portions of separate open reservoirs. The hollow fiber membranes are configured to allow vapor transmission, and the hollow tubes are configured to substantially prevent vapor transmission but allow transmission of thermal energy. Feed solution is circulated through the open reservoirs. Distillate is separated from the feed solution by the hollow fiber membranes and thermal energy is recouped through the hollow tubes.
Abstract:
A distillation system and method includes open reservoirs (12,14) and pluralities of hollow fiber membranes (38) and hollow tubes (46) extending through portions of separate open reservoirs. The hollow fiber membranes are configured to allow vapor transmission, and the hollow tubes are configured to substantially prevent vapor transmission but allow transmission of thermal energy. Feed solution is circulated through the open reservoirs. Distillate is separated from the feed solution by the hollow fiber membranes and thermal energy is recouped through the hollow tubes.
Abstract:
A contactor module (12) for separating a distillate from a feed solution includes an outer casing (52) with an interior region (74), a distillate collection chamber (66), and pluralities of hollow fiber membranes (78) and hollow tubes (80) extending through the distillate collection chamber, where the hollow fiber membranes are configured to allow vapor transmission, and the hollow tubes are configured to substantially prevent vapor transmission and further configured to allow transmission of thermal energy.
Abstract:
A membrane distillation system includes a distillation vessel (16), an array of hollow fiber membranes (34) pervious to distillate vapor but impervious to feed solution and an array of hollow tubes (32) impervious to distillate vapor and feed solution but which allow thermal energy transmission. The system further includes a pump, a heat exchanger for heating the feed solution before it enters the hollow fiber membranes, and an outlet (27) for removing distillate from the distillation vessel. A method for removing distillate from a feed solution includes delivering the feed solution through hollow tubes spanning a distillation vessel, heating the feed solution, delivering the feed solution through hollow fiber membranes spanning the distillation vessel to create a vapor pressure differential between the hollow fiber membranes and a distillation volume within the distillation vessel, and removing distillate from the distillation vessel.
Abstract:
A membrane module comprising an outer casing (46) having an interior region (64), a seal (50) disposed within the outer case, thereby dividing the interior region into a first chamber (68) and a second chamber (70), and a plurality of hollow fiber membranes (56) extending through the first chamber and the second chamber, where at least a portion of the plurality of hollow fiber membranes have first segments located within the first chamber and second segments located within the second chamber, the first segments being configured to allow vapor transmission therethrough, and the second segments being configured to substantially prevent vapor transmission therethrough, and further configured to allow transmission of thermal energy therethrough.
Abstract:
A membrane distillation system comprises a membrane module (12) comprising an outer casing having an interior region, a plurality of hollow fiber membranes extending through at least a portion of the interior region, and having exterior surfaces and inner hollow regions, where the inner hollow regions are configured to provide flow paths for a distillate fluid. The system further comprises a feed loop (14) including an opening extending through the outer casing for providing a feed solution to the interior region adjacent the exterior surfaces of the plurality of hollow fiber membranes, where the feed solution provided to the opening has an elevated temperature that is greater than an atmospheric-pressure boiling temperature of the feed solution, and an elevated pressure at which an effective boiling temperature of the feed solution is greater than the elevated temperature.
Abstract:
A treatment system (10) includes a feed source (12), a first treatment unit (16) for separating a feed into a first product and a concentrated feed containing less than about 7% total dissolved solids, and a membrane distillation unit (18) for separating the concentrated feed into a second product and a superconcentrated feed containing at least about 14% total dissolved solids. The membrane distillation unit includes hollow fiber membranes (44) having inner bores for receiving the concentrated feed and membrane walls for allowing vapor transmission of distillate. A method includes delivering feed to a first treatment unit where it is separated into first product and concentrated feed streams; delivering the concentrated feed to internal bores of hollow fiber membranes where it is separated into second product and superconcentrated feed streams as vapor passes across the hollow fiber membranes; delivering the superconcentrated feed to a liquid removal unit; and collecting the first and second product streams.
Abstract:
A membrane distillation system (10) includes a membrane distillation module (16), a brine loop (12) and a distillate loop (14). The brine loop (12) and the distillate loop (14) each include means for regulating flow of brine solution and distillate, respectively, to the membrane distillation module (16). The flow of brine solution and distillate is regulated to prevent brine solution and distillate from penetrating membranes (20) of the membrane distillation module (16). A method of membrane distillation includes delivering brine solution and distillate to the membrane distillation module (16) at low pressures in a first mode. The method also includes heating the brine solution and cooling the distillate and delivering portions of each to the membrane distillation module (16) in a second mode. The portions of heated brine solution and cooled distillate are adjusted to facilitate membrane distillation while preventing liquid from penetrating membranes (20) of the membrane distillation module (16).