Abstract:
Two-stage synthesis of urea comprising synthesizing urea in a first urea synthesis zone without recycle of the unreacted starting materials, separating the unreacted starting material from the resulting synthesis effluent, absorbing the unreacted starting material separated into an absorbent, subjecting to the resulting absorbate to the distillation at a pressure in a second urea synthesis zone and utilizing the unreacted starting material separated by the distillation in the second urea synthesis zone.
Abstract:
A PROCESS FOR REMOVING EXCESS AMMONIA IN UREA SYNTHESIS WHICH COMPRISES SEPARATING EXCESS AMMONIA FROM A UREA SYNTHESIS EFFLUENT IN THE FORM OF AN AMMONIA GAS, MAKING THE AMMONIA GAS FREE OF CARBON DIOXIDE IF NECESSARY AND BRINGING THE AMMONIA GAS FREE OF CARBON DIOXIDE WITH RAW MATERIAL LIQUID AMMONIA THEREBY THE AMMONIA GAS IS CONDENSED TO FORM LIQUID AMMONIA AT HIGH TEMPERATURE.
Abstract:
Urea is obtained by reacting ammonia and carbon dioxide to form an effluent containing urea, water, and unreacted ammonia and carbon dioxide, adding to the effluent a compound selected from n-paraffins and n-olefins having 6 to 25 carbons and such n-paraffins and n-olefins having a substituent chosen from phenyl, cyclohexyl, phenyloxycarbonyl and cyclohexyloxycarbonyl on a terminal carbon atom thereof in an amount of 0.25 to 0.55 parts by wt. per part by wt. of urea to be removed from the effluent thereby forming a crystalline adduct of urea and the said compound, separating the said crystalline adduct from the said effluent, decomposing the separated adduct by heating to release urea and the said compound and recovering the said released urea. The adduct is preferably formed at a temperature not greater than 40 DEG C. and it may be decomposed by heating at 90-130 DEG C. The effluent, after removal of the adduct, may be recycled to the urea synthesis zone and the said compound released by decomposition of the adduct may be returned to the adduct-forming step. In examples adducts are formed from urea and n-hexadecane, n-octadecane and 1-hexadecene.