Abstract:
Un aparato (10) que comprende: una o más celdas de batería de protones (24), cada celda comprendiendo: una región conductora de generación de protones (25) configurada para generar y conducir portadores de carga de protones en presencia de agua; una región conductora de generación de electrones (26) configurada para conducir electrones; un primer electrodo (27) asociado a una de la región conductora de generación de protones y la región conductora de generación de electrones; y un segundo electrodo (28) asociado a la otra de la región conductora de generación de protones y la región conductora de generación de electrones; una capa de protección extraíble (30) impermeable al vapor de agua, que se extiende sobre la una o más de las celdas (24) y las protege del vapor de agua; y una capa intermedia (40) permeable al vapor de agua entre la una o más celdas y la capa de protección; caracterizado por: un sustrato (50) que soporta la una o más celdas (24); en el que la capa de protección extraíble (30) entra en contacto con el sustrato y forma interacciones atractivas de Van der Waals con al menos el sustrato, la capa de protección extraíble (30) entra en contacto con la capa intermedia (40) y está unida con más firmeza al sustrato (50) que a la capa intermedia (40).
Abstract:
Apparatus for determining the presence or amount of an analyte at a sensor. The apparatus comprising a plurality of first elongate electrodes 101 separated from a plurality of second transversely oriented elongate electrodes 102 by an electrolyte 103. The perpendicular first and second electrodes form an array of electrochemical sensor nodes at the positions where the electrodes cross. The first electrodes are configured such that the interaction of an analyte with the first electrode at a sensor node affects an electrical property, e.g. potential difference, of the sensor node. The apparatus comprises terminals connected to each electrode for electrical connection to a measurement circuit to enable determination of the presence and/or amount of analyte at a particular sensor node based on a measurement of the electrical property of that sensor node.
Abstract:
An apparatus, preferably a battery cell, a FET or a sensor, is disclosed comprising an insulating substrate 101, at least two charge collectors 102, 103 spaced apart on the substrate surface, a proton-generating electrode layer configured to generate proton charge carriers 104, a proton-accepting electrode layer configured to accepted the generated proton charge carriers 105, wherein each of the proton-generating electrode layer and proton-accepting electrode layer are configured to be electrically connected to a different one of the respective charge collectors, and to overlap in a junction region such that the charge carriers of the layers can be transferred between the proton-generating and proton-accepting electrode layers to thereby generate a voltage. The proton-generating electrode preferably comprises fully or partially oxidised graphene flakes. The proton charge carriers preferably comprise charge-releasing functional groups such as carboxyl, hydroxyl or epoxy. The substrate may be flexible, resilient or foldable and it may comprise a polymer sheet, glass or paper. The charge collector preferably comprises silver or copper. The electronic components may be printed onto the substrate, preferably from ink. The apparatus may also comprise an electrolyte layer 106 comprising Nafion (RTM) or polyvinyl alcohol (PVA).
Abstract:
An apparatus comprising: a first electrode comprising a substantially homogeneous mixture of graphene oxide and a proton conductor; a second electrode comprising reduced graphene oxide; and spaced-apart charge collectors for the respective first and second electrodes, wherein the first and second electrodes extend from their respective charge collectors towards one another to form a junction at an interface there between, and wherein the substantially homogeneous mixture of the first electrode is configured to be sufficiently hydrophobic to prevent intermixing of the homogeneous mixture with the reduced graphene oxide of the second electrode in proximity to one or both of the respective charge collectors to prevent short circuiting of the spaced-apart charge collectors.
Abstract:
An apparatus comprising: a first electrode comprising a substantially homogeneous mixture of graphene oxide and a proton conductor; a second electrode comprising reduced graphene oxide; and spaced-apart charge collectors for the respective first and second electrodes, wherein the first and second electrodes extend from their respective charge collectors towards one another to form a junction at an interface there between, and wherein the substantially homogeneous mixture of the first electrode is configured to be sufficiently hydrophobic to prevent intermixing of the homogeneous mixture with the reduced graphene oxide of the second electrode in proximity to one or both of the respective charge collectors to prevent short circuiting of the spaced-apart charge collectors.
Abstract:
An apparatus comprises an anode formed of graphene oxide from an acidic pH; a cathode from a pH greater than the acidic pH of the anode; and charge collectors deposited on the anode and the cathode. The anode comprises graphene oxide, the graphene oxide comprising an ink and having a pH of about 1 to about 4.