Abstract:
An apparatus comprising a substrate; a sensing material located on the substrate; a first pair of contacts coupled to the sensing material and separated by a first distance; and a second pair of contacts coupled to the sensing material and separated by a second distance, the second distance being greater than the first distance; wherein the apparatus is configured to provide a first electrical property measurement between the first pair of contacts and to provide a second electrical property measurement between the second pair of contacts, the first and second electrical property measurements for use in determining an ambient temperature and/or a substrate temperature. Also, a controller for use with such an apparatus configured to obtain a first electrical property measurement from the first pair of contacts; obtain a second electrical property measurement from the second pair of contacts; and use the first and second electrical property measurements to determine an ambient temperature and/or a substrate temperature.
Abstract:
An apparatus 100 comprises a substrate 102 ; a sensing material 104 for example comprising one or more of a carbon foam, aluminium foam or a graphene foam, located on the substrate; a first pair of contacts 106 coupled to the sensing material and separated by a first distance 108; and a second pair of contacts 110 coupled to the sensing material and separated by a second distance 112, the second distance being greater than the first distance. The apparatus is configured to provide a first electrical property measurement, such as resistance, resistivity, current, current density, or voltage, between the first pair of contacts and to provide a second electrical property measurement between the second pair of contacts. The first and second electrical property measurements are used in determining an ambient temperature and/or a substrate temperature. Also disclosed is a controller for use with such an apparatus. The apparatus may be one or more of a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a laptop, a smart watch, personal digital assistant, or a digital camera, for example.
Abstract:
Un aparato que comprende: elementos sensores; una pantalla electrónica (507); y un procesador (523) y una memoria (524) que incluyen un código de programa informático, el procesador (523) junto con la memoria (524) y un código de programa informático configurado para hacer que el aparato: ilumine los elementos sensores con luz emitida desde las regiones correspondientes de la pantalla electrónica (507), estando configurado cada uno de los elementos sensores para unir un analito específico y como resultado cambiar sus características eléctricas durante la iluminación, con lo que cada grupo respectivo de una pluralidad de grupos de elementos sensores está configurado para presentar una respuesta eléctrica combinada específica respectiva en la iluminación cuando un conjunto específico de analitos (103, 203) está unido al grupo de elementos sensores; determinar para cada uno de la pluralidad de grupos de elementos sensores una respectiva respuesta eléctrica combinada específica para el grupo; y compare las respectivas respuestas eléctricas combinadas determinadas con una o más respuestas eléctricas combinadas predeterminadas respectivas de los grupos de elementos sensores para determinar una coincidencia respectiva, estando asociada cada respuesta eléctrica combinada predeterminada a la unión de un conjunto diferente de analitos (103, 203) a un grupo respectivo de elementos sensores; en donde la determinación de una coincidencia respectiva permite que se identifique el conjunto específico de analitos (103, 203) unidos al grupo de elementos sensores; estando configurado el procesador para hacer que la pantalla electrónica ilumine respectivamente los respectivos grupos predeterminados de elementos sensores, iluminándose cada grupo mediante un patrón predeterminado de elementos emisores de luz de la pantalla electrónica (507) correspondiente al grupo respectivo de elementos sensores, y en donde un grupo iluminado de elementos sensores comprende menos que todos los elementos sensores de los elementos sensores.
Abstract:
Apparatus for determining the presence or amount of an analyte at a sensor. The apparatus comprising a plurality of first elongate electrodes 101 separated from a plurality of second transversely oriented elongate electrodes 102 by an electrolyte 103. The perpendicular first and second electrodes form an array of electrochemical sensor nodes at the positions where the electrodes cross. The first electrodes are configured such that the interaction of an analyte with the first electrode at a sensor node affects an electrical property, e.g. potential difference, of the sensor node. The apparatus comprises terminals connected to each electrode for electrical connection to a measurement circuit to enable determination of the presence and/or amount of analyte at a particular sensor node based on a measurement of the electrical property of that sensor node.
Abstract:
An apparatus comprises a sensor having a sensing film and at least two electrodes; and a plurality of electronic components operably associated with the sensor. The sensing film is configured to provide a signal based on humidity immediately prior to contact with liquid water. The electronic components are configured to provide a change in output voltage to trigger an electronic switch that disconnects an electronic device from a power source.
Abstract:
A circuit board comprising a primary substrate 201 and a secondary substrate 202, the primary substrate comprising a recess 205 configured to receive the secondary substrate, and a conducting trace 206 which extends towards an edge of the recess, the secondary substrate comprising an electronic component 218 and a conducting trace which extends from the electronic component towards an edge of the secondary substrate, wherein the secondary substrate is positioned within the recess and attached to the primary substrate, and the conducting trace of the secondary substrate is joined to the conducting trace of the primary substrate to form an electrical connection between the electronic component and the primary substrate. The conducting traces on the two circuit boards can either be directly or indirectly joined, and can be aligned with one another. The recess may be a blind or through hole. The secondary substrate can be the same size and shape as the recess into which it is mounted.
Abstract:
An apparatus comprising a capacitance touch sensor arrangement 20 having a capacitance 22 that varies when a conductive object 2 approaches and at least one variable impedance sensor 30 whose impedance 32 varies with a sensed parameter. Further comprising an output node 50 and at least one switch 40 configured to provide a first configuration 41 that presents an output impedance at the output-node dependent upon the variable capacitance and in a second configuration 42 presents an output impedance at the output-node dependent upon the variable impedance. The variable capacitance may vary when a user finger touches the sensor arrangement. The first configuration may connect a first electrode to the output-node via a low impedance path wherein the second configuration the variable impedance may be connected between a reference node and the output-node. The first configuration may reduce the impedance between a first and second electrode and may also interconnect the first and second electrodes in series via a low impedance current path through the switch as an alternative to a current-path through the variable impedance. A method comprising proximity detection by controlling switching of an apparatus that comprises a capacitive touch sensor and at least one variable impedance sensor.
Abstract:
An apparatus comprising a nanowire waveguide with first and second ends, the second end comprising a nanoparticle, the nanowire waveguide configured to transmit radiation from the first end to the second end to illuminate the nanoparticle, the apparatus configured such that the nanoparticle is capable of being in close proximity to an analyte to allow for detection of said analyte.