公开(公告)号：WO1985001584A1

公开(公告)日：1985-04-11

申请号：PCT/US1983001479

申请日：1983-09-27

Applicant: PACKARD INSTRUMENT COMPANY, INC.

Inventor： PACKARD INSTRUMENT COMPANY, INC. ,  VALENTA, Robert, J.

IPC: G01T01/208

CPC classification number: G01T1/208 ,  G01T1/178 ,  G01T1/38

Abstract: Method and apparatus for counting nuclear scintillations particularly the activity in a specimen containing tritium segregates the pulses which are emitted from a scintillator due on interaction with a nuclear particle from the pulses attributable to random noise. The system uses a single photomultiplier (12), the output of which is split among a two-path circuit (22, 32). A pulse height analyzer (46) provides an output when one path (32) has an integrated output signal of preselected amplitude when the other path (22) output has a preselected number of component photon response pulses occurring in a preselected period of time. The system is operable with many scintillation materials as long as the characteristic output from the scintillator is long relative to the duration of a random noise pulse. The preferred embodiment incorporates a solid scintillator although a liquid material may be substituted if the functional criteria are satisfied. Also discussed is the response of an apparatus in accordance with the present invention if some relatively high energy isotopes such as carbon-fourteen are tested.

Abstract translation: 用于计数核闪烁的方法和装置，特别是含有氚的样品中的活性，从由于随机噪声引起的脉冲与核粒子的相互作用而分离从闪烁体发射的脉冲。 该系统使用单个光电倍增管（12），其输出在两路径电路（22,32）之间分配。 当另一个路径（22）输出具有在预选时段内出现的预选数量的分量光子响应脉冲时，脉冲高度分析器（46）提供输出，当一个路径（32）具有预选幅度的积分输出信号时。 只要来自闪烁体的特征输出相对于随机噪声脉冲的持续时间长，该系统可操作于许多闪烁材料。 如果满足功能标准，则优选实施例包含固体闪烁体，尽管液体材料可以被替代。 还讨论了如果测试了一些相对较高的能量同位素（如碳十四），则根据本发明的装置的响应。

公开(公告)号：WO1995012825A1

公开(公告)日：1995-05-11

申请号：PCT/US1994012036

申请日：1994-10-21

Applicant: PACKARD INSTRUMENT COMPANY, INC.

Inventor： PACKARD INSTRUMENT COMPANY, INC. ,  BOROWSKI, Kenneth, J.

IPC: G01T01/29

CPC classification number: G01T1/003 ,  G01N30/62 ,  G01N2030/77

Abstract: A flow cell (10) for use in a flow scintillation analyzer, the flow cell having first and second solid scintillators, a sample channeling element (18) for accepting a radioactive fluid sample containing positron emitting nuclides and directing the sample between a surface of the first solid scintillator and a surface of the second solid scintillator, and a first opaque, reflective coating (20) on the surface of the first solid scintillator.

Abstract translation: 一种用于流动闪烁分析仪的流动池（10），该流动池具有第一和第二固态闪烁体，一个样品通道元件（18），用于接受含有正电子发射核素的放射性液体样品，并将样品引导至 第一固体闪烁体和第二固体闪烁体的表面，以及第一固体闪烁体表面上的第一不透明反射涂层。

公开(公告)号：WO1994005983A1

公开(公告)日：1994-03-17

申请号：PCT/US1993008153

申请日：1993-08-30

Applicant: PACKARD INSTRUMENT COMPANY, INC.

Inventor： PACKARD INSTRUMENT COMPANY, INC. ,  VALENTA, Robert, J.

IPC: G01J01/08

CPC classification number: G01T1/40 ,  G01J1/08 ,  G01J1/18 ,  G01N21/76 ,  G01T7/00

Abstract: A normalization system for multi-photodetector single photon counting luminescent measuring systems and a standard for use in the same. The method comprises calculating one or more counting ratios for each photodetector in the single photon counting system and multiplying counts of unknown samples by the inverse of the appropriate counting ratio. A counting ratio for a particular photodetector is calculated by dividing the count of a standard measured by the photodetector by the count of the same standard measured by a reference photodetector. The particular standard developed employs calcium tungstate: lead as a scintillator and radio-active elements as tritium or carbon-14 thymidine as a means of exciting the scintillator. This standard has the advantages of providing a good model of typical luminescence chemistry and producing an emission pattern which is susceptible to single photon counting.

Abstract translation: 用于多光电探测器单光子计数发光测量系统的标准化系统及其使用的标准。 该方法包括计算单个光子计数系统中每个光电探测器的一个或多个计数比，并将未知样本的计数乘以适当计数比的倒数。 通过将由光电检测器测量的标准的计数除以由参考光电检测器测量的相同标准的计数来计算特定光电检测器的计数比。 开发的特定标准是使用钨酸钙：铅作为闪烁体，放射性活性元素作为氚或碳-14胸苷作为激发闪烁体的手段。 该标准具有提供典型发光化学的良好模型并产生易受单光子计数影响的发射图案的优点。

公开(公告)号：WO1991008489A1

公开(公告)日：1991-06-13

申请号：PCT/US1990006646

申请日：1990-11-14

Applicant: PACKARD INSTRUMENT COMPANY, INC.

Inventor： PACKARD INSTRUMENT COMPANY, INC. ,  VAN CAUTER, Gustaaf, C. ,  OSTEN, Donald, E. ,  NEUMANN, Kenneth, E.

IPC: G01N33/573

CPC classification number: G01N33/60 ,  G01N33/542 ,  G01N33/552

Abstract: A new support body (10) for use in a scintillation proximity radioimmunoassay consisting of a scintillation material. The support body (10) of the present invention permits extremely sensitive and specific assays for a broad range of biological and non-biological substances. The support body (10) of the present invention having a ligand (16) coupled to its surface which is capable of selectively biochemically binding to a reactant of interest (11) resulting in a complex (18).

Abstract translation: 一种用于由闪烁材料组成的闪烁近距离放射免疫测定的新的支撑体（10）。 本发明的支撑体（10）允许用于广泛范围的生物和非生物物质的非常灵敏和特异性的测定。 本发明的支撑体（10）具有与其表面偶联的配体（16），其能够选择性地与感兴趣的反应物（11）生物化学结合，导致复合物（18）。

公开(公告)号：WO1993003911A1

公开(公告)日：1993-03-04

申请号：PCT/US1992004465

申请日：1992-05-27

Applicant: PACKARD INSTRUMENT COMPANY, INC.

Inventor： PACKARD INSTRUMENT COMPANY, INC. ,  DANIELS, Leslie, Alan ,  OLSON, Robert, Elmer ,  ZIELINSKI, Stanley, Andrew

IPC: B29D22/00

CPC classification number: B01L3/50825 ,  C08J7/065 ,  G21F5/015 ,  G21Y2002/204 ,  G21Y2002/206 ,  G21Y2004/10 ,  G21Y2004/304

Abstract: A vial (10) for holding a radioactive sample for radiometric analysis which has an outer surface (14) on which a coating comprising a transparent antistatic agent (18) is deposited to prevent the accumulation of electrostatic charges on the vial. The vial (10) is treated to make the vial free of electrostatic charges by immersing the vial (10) and cap (12) with a solution containing the antistatic agent, spraying the vial (10) and cap (12) with a solution containing the antistatic agent or by contacting the vial (10) and cap (12) in a heated air stream with a flexible substrate carrying the antistatic agent.

Abstract translation: 一种用于放置用于放射性分析的放射性样品的小瓶（10），其具有外表面（14），在其上沉积包含透明抗静电剂（18）的涂层，以防止静电电荷积累在小瓶上。 通过将小瓶（10）和盖（12）浸入含有抗静电剂的溶液中来处理小瓶（10）以使小瓶没有静电电荷，用小瓶（10）和帽（12）将含有 或者通过使带有抗静电剂的柔性基底的加热空气流中的小瓶（10）和盖（12）接触。

公开(公告)号：WO1992020448A1

公开(公告)日：1992-11-26

申请号：PCT/US1992002183

申请日：1992-03-17

Applicant: PACKARD INSTRUMENT COMPANY, INC.

Inventor： PACKARD INSTRUMENT COMPANY, INC. ,  STANLEY, Deryl, B.

IPC: B01L03/00

CPC classification number: B01L3/5085

Abstract: A microplate (10) for radiometric analysis having a plurality of sample wells (12) for holding radioactive samples is manufactured from a gas barrier resin which is chemically resistant to hydrocarbon solvents. The resin is typically a rubber modified copolymer which includes at least 50 weight percent of an unsaturated nitrile component and a monomer component which is capable of being copolymerized with the nitrile component. A preferred gas barrier resin is an acrylonitrile-methyl acrylate copolymer. A white pigment, preferably titanium dioxide, is added to the resin to produce an opaque, highly reflective microplate (10).

Abstract translation: 用于放射性分析的微孔板（10）由具有化学耐受烃溶剂的阻气性树脂制成，具有用于保存放射性样品的多个样品孔（12）。 树脂通常是橡胶改性共聚物，其包含至少50重量％的不饱和腈组分和能够与腈组分共聚的单体组分。 优选的阻气性树脂是丙烯腈 - 丙烯酸甲酯共​​聚物。 将白色颜料（优选二氧化钛）加入到树脂中以产生不透明的高反射性微孔板（10）。

公开(公告)号：WO1996004571A1

公开(公告)日：1996-02-15

申请号：PCT/US1995009627

申请日：1995-07-31

Applicant: PACKARD INSTRUMENT COMPANY, INC.

Inventor： PACKARD INSTRUMENT COMPANY, INC. ,  VALENTA, Robert, J.

IPC: G01T01/202

CPC classification number: G01T1/204

Abstract: A scintillation measurement system for measuring optical events produced by scintillators (19) in response to the radioactive decay of a constituent or constituents of a sample (10) to be measured comprises a sample support for positioning a sample in a sample well (11); a bismuth germanate (BGO) scintillation crystal (19), such as Bi4Ge3O12, located adjacent the sample well; a plurality of photodetectors (16, 18) located outside the bismuth germanate crystal (19) for detecting optical events occuring in the sample well (11) or in the bismuth germanate crystal (19) and converting those optical events into electrical pulses; and a pulse analyzing system (40) for receiving the electrical pulses from the photodetectors and determining whether such pulses represent alpha, beta or gamma events. This system can be used with samples containing alpha, beta or gamma emitters, or any combination thereof.

Abstract translation: 用于测量由闪烁体（19）响应待测样品（10）的成分或成分的放射性衰变产生的光学事件的闪烁测量系统包括用于将样品定位在样品阱（11）中的样品支架; 位于样品井附近的锗酸铋（BGO）闪烁晶体（19），如Bi4Ge3O12; 位于锗酸铋晶体（19）外部的多个光电检测器（16,18），用于检测样品阱（11）或锗酸铋晶体（19）中发生的光学事件，并将这些光学事件转换为电脉冲; 以及脉冲分析系统（40），用于从光电检测器接收电脉冲并确定这样的脉冲是否表示α，β或γ事件。 该系统可用于含有α，β或γ发射体的样品，或其任何组合。

公开(公告)号：WO1994006932A1

公开(公告)日：1994-03-31

申请号：PCT/US1993008612

申请日：1993-09-10

Applicant: PACKARD INSTRUMENT COMPANY, INC.

Inventor： PACKARD INSTRUMENT COMPANY, INC. ,  ROELANT, Chris

IPC: C12Q01/06

CPC classification number: G01N33/5014 ,  C12Q1/06 ,  Y10S435/968 ,  Y10S435/975 ,  Y10S436/904 ,  Y10S436/905

Abstract: The present invention provides a process of quantifying the number of viable cells in an aqueous suspension of cells using an energy-emitting non-hazardous probe and a probe-trigger. The process provides quantification data in short periods of time without the use of hazardous materials. A process of the present invention can also be used to quantify negatively charged particle number, assay for cytotoxicity, assay for cell proliferation and assay for cell differentiation. Still further, the present invention provides an assay kit for quantification of cells or negatively charged particles.

Abstract translation: 本发明提供了使用能量发射非危险探针和探针触发剂来定量细胞水性悬浮液中活细胞数目的方法。 该过程在短时间内提供量化数据，而不使用危险物质。 本发明的方法还可以用于定量带负电的粒子数，测定细胞毒性，细胞增殖测定和细胞分化测定。 此外，本发明提供了用于定量细胞或带负电粒子的测定试剂盒。