Abstract:
A power supply unit composed so that outputs from a plurality of cells having different output characteristics are output from common terminals and so that a decrease in energy efficiency caused by connecting the cells is suppressed to the utmost is provided. After outputs of a plurality of cells 10a to 10c having different output voltages and output currents are adjusted to have the same output voltage value, the outputs are output to terminals 4 and 5 so as to match the parallel connection. Since the outputs of the cells are output in parallel, a cell outputting a low current does not restrict the output currents in the overall power supply unit, unlike the series connection. Moreover, since the outputs, which are adjusted to have the same voltage, are connected, problems such as flowback do not occur. In the case where the present invention is applied to a tandem solar cell, a light-absorbing wavelength characteristic can be assigned to each tandem photoelectric transducer so that solar light is utilized at the maximum efficiency, and the photoelectric energy conversion efficiency does not decrease even when the wavelength distribution of solar light deviates from the standard one.
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method capable of applying a coating liquid within a uniform film thickness, and to provide a method for manufacturing a laminated electrode structure. SOLUTION: This method for applying the coating liquid onto a substrate while spreading the coating liquid in the predetermined direction comprises: a first application step to apply the coating liquid; a first confirmation step to confirm whether there is an unevenly applied spot after carrying out the first application step; a second application step to apply the coating liquid additionally to at least an area where the unevenly applied spot exists when the existence of the unevenly applied spot is confirmed at the first confirmation step; a second confirmation step to confirm whether there is the unevenly applied spot after carrying out the second application step; a third application step to carry out the second application step again; and a fourth application step to apply the coating liquid onto the coating film formed on the substrate until the coating film has predetermined thickness when the existence of the unevenly applied spot is still confirmed at the second confirmation step. COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a manufacturing method of a photoelectric transfer element in which a semiconductor electrode made of semiconductor particulates can be formed excellently on a metal oxide membrane while preventing elution of the metal oxide membrane, and at a low temperature process, and a photoelectric transfer element. SOLUTION: In the photoelectric transfer element having a semiconductor electrode made of semiconductor particulates and a metal membrane to be a counter electrode, polyethylenedioxothiophene (PEDOT)/ polystyrene sulfonic acid (PSS) membrane 13 are formed by a spin coat on a transparent electrode 12 made of a metal oxide such as ITO, and then a semiconductor particulate layer 14 made of titanium oxide particulate or the like is formed by spin coating the semiconductor particulate dispersion solution. COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a power source apparatus constituted so as to take out the output of a plurality of batteries having different output characteristics through common terminals and to suppress the decrease of the energy efficiency due to the connection between the batteries as much as possible. SOLUTION: The plurality of the batteries 10a to 10c having different output voltages and output currents are connected so that the outputs of the batteries are outputted to the terminals 4, 5 so as to satisfy the relation of parallel connection after the output is regulated to the same output voltage. Since the output of the batteries are output in parallel, there is no inconvenience of limiting the output current of the entire power source of the batteries having small output currents different from a series connection. Since the output is regulated to the same output and connected, a problem such as a reverse current or the like does not occur. When this is applied to a tandem solar cell, light absorption wavelength characteristics can be allocated so as to utilize the solar light to the maximum efficiency, and even when the wavelength distribution of the solar light is largely deviated from the standard distribution, the photoelectric energy conversion efficiency is not lowered. COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a photoexcitation type functional device constituting a solar cell and a photocatalyst or the like, which is applied to a substrate material having insufficient durability to high temperatures and ultraviolet light, and which is not restricted in the incident direction of light at its usage, and also to provide its manufacturing method. SOLUTION: A reflecting layer 10 which selectively reflects ultraviolet light (wavelength λ 0 ) irradiated at the time of sintering is formed on a transparent plastic substrate 1a beforehand. The reflecting layer 10 is a dielectric multi-layer film which is transparent to the light of wavelength λ 0 and in which a dielectric layer having a high refractive index and a dielectric layer with a low refractive index are alternately repeatedly laminated. A transparent electrode 2 of ITO or the like and a semiconductor particulate layer 3a of titanium oxide or the like are laminated on the reflecting layer 10. Ultraviolet light is irradiated on this semiconductor particulate layer 3a while heating it at the temperature lower than the heat resistant temperature of the substrate 1a and the semiconductor particulates are sintered and the semiconductor layer 3 is formed. Irradiation of ultraviolet light is made from the side of semiconductor particulate layer 3a and, for example, light of wavelength 253.7 nm emitted from a low pressure mercury lamp is used. COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To transmit control information, such as volume, without delay both while streaming is in process and while streaming is stopped.SOLUTION: Provided is a communication device including a streaming packet transmission unit for transmitting a streaming packet, a control information acquisition unit for acquiring control information regarding the streaming packet, a control packet transmission unit for transmitting a control packet including the control information, a control information addition unit for adding the control information to the streaming packet, and a transmission channel selection unit for selecting, according to a predetermined condition, whether to transmit the control packet including the control information or to transmit the streaming packet to which the control information has been added.