Abstract:
A cold-water cleaning method and laundry detergents useful therein are disclosed. The method comprises laundering one or more textile articles in water having a temperature less than or equal to 30°C in the presence of a detergent comprising a C 4 -C 14 dialkyl sulfosuccinate or sulfomethylsuccinate, a linear alkylbenzene sulfonate, and an optional nonionic surfactant. We surprisingly found that combinations of C 4 -C 14 dialkyl sulfosuccinates or sulfomethylsuccinate and linear alkylbenzene sulfonates provide outstanding performance in removing greasy stains such as beef tallow from soiled articles even at wash temperatures of 30°C or less.
Abstract:
A process for making bis(aryloxyalkyl)terephthalates useful as antiplasticizers for thermoplastic polyesters is disclosed. Dimethyl terephthalate is reacted with an excess of an aryloxyalkanol in the presence of a condensation catalyst to produce an intermediate mixture comprising a bis(aryloxyaIkyl)terephthalate, a mono(aryloxyalkyl)terephthalate, and unreacted aryloxyalkanol. This mixture continues to react at reduced pressure while unreacted aryloxyalkanol is removed and the mono-ester content is reduced to less than 1 mole % based on the combined amounts of mono- and bis-esters. Both steps are performed substantially in the absence of oxygen. Additional unreacted aryloxyalkanol is then removed to provide a purified bis(aryloxyalkyl)terephthalate having an overall purity of at least 98 mole % and a yellowness index less than 10. Careful control over catalysis, exposure to air, and other process conditions enables the preparation of high yields of bis(aryloxyalkyl)terephthalates that have low color and other valuable attributes. A method of producing bis(aryloxyalkyl)terephthalate articles having improved compressive strength is also disclosed.
Abstract:
Laundry detergents useful for cold-water cleaning and a cold-water cleaning method are disclosed. The detergents comprise: (a) an a-sulfonated fatty ester surfactant comprising a compound having the formula: R 1 -CH(SO 3 M)-CO-OR 2 wherein M is hydrogen, an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, ammonium, and amine salt, or a mixture thereof; R 1 is an unsubstituted or hydroxy-substituted, saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched C 6 -C 16 alkyl group; and R 2 is a saturated or unsaturated linear or branched C 8 to C 12 alkyl group; and (b) an anionic surfactant, a nonionic surfactant, or a combination thereof. Surprisingly, α-sulfonated fatty ester surfactants derived from a C 8 to C 12 alcohol provide outstanding performance in removing greasy stains such as bacon grease, cooked beef fat, or beef tallow from soiled articles even at wash temperatures at or below 30°C. Detergents formulated with the surfactants outperform control cold-water detergents by a wide margin, including detergents comprising α-sulfonated fatty esters made from lower alcohols, such as methyl, butyl, or hexyl esters of α-sulfonated fatty acids.
Abstract:
Detergents useful for cold-water cleaning and mid-chain headgroup and aikyiene-bridged surfactants useful therein are disclosed. The mid-chain headgroup surfactant has a C 14 -C 30 aiky! chain and a polar group bonded to a central zone carbon of the alky! chain. The a!kylene-bridged surfactant has a C 12 -C 18 aikyl chain, a polar group, and a C 1 -C 2 alkyiene group bonded to the polar group and a central zone carbon of the C 12 -C 18 aikyl chain. Preferred surfactants in these classes are aicohoi sulfates, alcohol ethoxylates, ether sulfates, sulfonates, arylsulfonates, alcohol phosphates, amine oxides, quaterniums, betaines, and suifobetaines. Surprisingly, detergents formulated with the surfactants provide outstanding cold-water performance in removing greasy stains such as bacon grease, butter, cooked beef fat, or beef tailow from soiled articles.
Abstract:
Surfactants and solvents containing derivatized adducts formed from Diels-Aider reactions of terpenes and unsaturated carboxylic acids or their derivatives are disclosed. Processes for making and derivatizing the Diels-Aider adducts are also disclosed. In some embodiments, the Diels-Aider adducts are prepared by reacting farnesene or myrcene with an unsaturated carboxylic acid or its ester or anhydride. In other embodiments, the Diels-Aider adducts are prepared by reacting farnesene or myrcene with an unsaturated nitrile. The Diels-Aider adducts are then derivatized in a variety of ways to form the anionic, cationic, amine oxide, amphoteric or nonionic surfactants.
Abstract:
Polyester polyols containing adducts formed from Diels-Alder and Ene reactions are disclosed. Processes for making the polyester polyols and uses of the polyester polyols as polyurethane coatings, adhesives, sealants, elastomers, and foams are also disclosed. In some embodiments, the polyester polyols contain biorenewable adducts based on maleic anhydride and farnesene and have particular application in making rigid and flexible polyurethane or polyisocyanurate foams.
Abstract:
Disclosed are radiation-curable compositions comprising at least one ortho -phthalate (meth) acrylate (I)1 and optionally a (meth) acrylate monomer, a stabilizing package, an adhesion promoter, and/or a photoinitiator. The compositions maintain physical integrity when cured and then aged for seven days under the conditions of 70% relative humidity, 77° C black panel temperature, 55° C chamber air temperature, and a light intensity of 0.51 W/m2/nm at 340-- nanometer wavelength passed through a daylight filter. The preparation and use of these compounds are also discussed.
Abstract:
The present invention provides a method of reducing and/or neutralizing the allergenic protein content of natural rubber latex articles by exposing the natural rubber latex from which the article is made or the final natural rubber latex to an allergenic protein reducing compound. The allergenic protein reducing compounds for use in the present invention fall generally into two classes: (1) cationic compounds and (2) nitrogen-containing compounds. Quaternary ammonium salts are particularly preferred allergenic protein reducing compounds.
Abstract:
A process for making bis(aryloxyalkyl)terephthalates useful as antiplasticizers for thermoplastic polyesters is disclosed. Dimethyl terephthalate is reacted with an excess of an aryloxyalkanol in the presence of a condensation catalyst to produce an intermediate mixture comprising a bis(aryloxyalkyl)terephthalate, a mono(aryloxyalkyl)terephthalate, and unreacted aryloxyalkanol. This mixture continues to react at reduced pressure while unreacted aryloxyalkanol is removed and the mono-ester content is reduced to less than 1 mole % based on the combined amounts of mono- and bis-esters. Both steps are performed substantially in the absence of oxygen. Additional unreacted aryloxyalkanol is then removed to provide a purified bis(aryloxyalkyl)terephthalate having an overall purity of at least 98 mole % and a yellowness index less than 10. Careful control over catalysis, exposure to air, and other process conditions enables the preparation of high yields of bis(aryloxyalkyl)terephthalates that have low color and other valuable attributes. A method of producing bis(aryloxyalkyl)terephthalate articles having improved compressive strength is also disclosed.
Abstract:
Disclosed are radiation-curable compositions comprising at least one ortho-phthalate (meth) acrylate (I)1 and optionally a (meth) acrylate monomer, a stabilizing package, an adhesion promoter, and/or a photoinitiator. The compositions maintain physical integrity when cured and then aged for seven days under the conditions of 70% relative humidity, 77° C black panel temperature, 55° C chamber air temperature, and a light intensity of 0.51 W/m2/nm at 340-- nanometer wavelength passed through a daylight filter. The preparation and use of these compounds are also discussed.