Abstract:
A method of determining the concentration of a nonelectrolyte contained in an electrolyte solution, which comprises preparing a graph showing the relationship between electric conductivity and nonelectrolyte concentration by measuring the electric conductivities of various solutions each containing a mixture of an electrolyte with a nonelectrolyte and determining the concentration of a target nonelectrolyte contained in the solution on the basis of the above graph by using the measured electric conductivity of the solution.
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prepare a mixed solution containing an electrolyte and a nonelectrolyte in which lowering of concentration of the electrolytic solution is prevented simply at the time of preparing and also the lowering of the electrolyte concentration is eliminated from the initial stage of a plurality of preparations in a patch type mixing equipment. SOLUTION: Water is fed into a preparation tank 15 of a mixing equipment, and water is circulated from a piping 20 or the like and agitated, and an electrolytic chemical 101 of a dialyzate solution A agent is added continuously and mixed therein, and the electric conductivity of a water solution is measured by a conductivity meter 24 to prepare the electrolytic water solution of a given concentration. A glucose (nonelectrolyte) chemical 102 is added and mixed continuously while the electrolytic water solution is agitated, and the electric conductivity of the mixed water solution is measured, and a mixed water solution (A agent) containing an electrolyte and a nonelectrolyte of a given concentration is prepared, and then discharged. The above-referred series of processes are repeated a plurality of times. In the first preparation, before the electrolytic chemical 101 is added and mixed into water, glucose of the same volume as the volume of the glucose contained in a residual liquid remaining unavoidably in a mixing equipment 1 after the mixed water solution prepared by the preparation after the first preparation onwards is discharged is introduced.
Abstract:
PURPOSE: To provide a heating element for liquid, which is suitable for heating liquid efficiently and, especially, the heating element for liquid, which is capable of securing the property of safety for heating dialyzate and capable of efficient heating. CONSTITUTION: A heating element 1 for liquid is provided with a rod type heap generating body 2, having a metallic armor, a metallic cylindrical receiving vessel 3, receiving the rod type heat generating body 2 therein concentrically and equipped with pipeline connecting units 6, 7 for the inflow and the outflow of liquid, and a metallic flow passage partition 5, inserted into a gap 4 between the armor of the rod type heat generating body 2 and the inner wall of the receiving vessel 3 and fixed spirally so as to be contacted with the armor and the inner wall.
Abstract:
PURPOSE:To provide a device which automatically makes medical fluid for a blood dialyser from powder drug using an electrical conductivity meter as a detector for the concentration of solution. CONSTITUTION:Powder drug is supplied from a dissolving water and drug A supplier 3 to a dissolving section 4, the temperature of solution is maintained at above 20 deg.C with a heater 2, the concentration of the solution is continuously detected by a concentration detector 1, the supplying amount of the powder drug is controlled, and a specified concentration of medical fluid is obtained.
Abstract:
PURPOSE:To obtain a high-level measuring accuracy, by having a fixed amount of ion species predetermined present in a reaction liquid to use an ion selecting electrode as reference electrode selectively responding to the ion species. CONSTITUTION:An immuno enzyme composite such as solid phase oriented antibody-antigen-enzyme labelled antibody is formed by immunological reaction and then, an enzyme reaction is caused between enzyme and a substrate of an immuno enzyme composite and the subsequent enzyme activity is measured with an oxidizing/reducing potential measuring apparatus. Here, somewhere between the outset of the immunological reaction and the measurement of an oxidizing/reducing potential, a fixed amount of specified ion species is made present in a reaction liquid. The reaction liquid 1 is sampled into a container 9 to be passed to a flow cell 2 having an indication electrode 3 and a reference electrode 4 selectively sensitive to the ion species with a peristatis pump 8 or the like to detect the oxidizing/reducing potential being discharged to a waste liquor tank 10. Then, a potential difference detected with both the electrodes 3 and 4 is shown as voltage value on a display section 7 through an amplifier 5 and a signal processing section 6 thereby obtaining a high-level measuring accuracy.
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a blood leakage detection method capable of surely detecting the blood leakage into the dialyzate of a blood dialysis apparatus even if a high-sensitivity blood leakage detector is not used. SOLUTION: In the method for detecting the blood leaking into the dialyzate through the defect part, etc., of a semipermeable membrane 1a from the dialyzer 1 of the blood dialysis apparatus, a blood leakage detector 9 is arranged in a drainage circuit 6 for the dialyzate from the dialyzer 1 and the blood leakage in the dialyzate is detected in the state of decreasing the flow rate of the dialyzate flowing the drainage circuit 6 by regulating a liquid feed pump 5, a liquid drain pump 7 and a liquid removing pump 8.
Abstract:
PURPOSE:To offer a method for hemodialysis and an apparatus therefor, under which removal of water can be done without causing such conditions as fall of blood pressure, headache, nausea or vomit, i.e., without giving any burden to a patient. CONSTITUTION:The targeted volume U (ml) of water removal in respect of a patient, the total time T (time) and the ultimate speed Ve of water removal (ml/time) are inputted into the arithmetic section 102 of the computer 100 by operating switches on the keyboard 20. The arithmetic section 102 calculates the speed V1 of water removal from time to time in accordance with the specified speed function f (t) of water removal containing a constant determined based upon the set targeted volume U (ml) of water removal, total time T (time) and ultimate speed Ve of water removal (ml/time). The speed V1 of water removal is converted into the control variable F1 for the water removal pump 12 at the arithmetic section 104 and its signal is inputted into the control unit 106 of the water removal pump 12. As a result, the rotational frequency of the driving motor M, for example, of the water removal pump 12 is controlled and the speed V of water removal of the dialyzator 1 is controlled accordingly.
Abstract:
PURPOSE:To measure enzyme activity, by adding a substrate, which undergoes oxidation reduction reaction with oxygen, in a solution including prepared immunity enzyme composite, and detecting the oxidation reduction potential of the solution. CONSTITUTION:An immunity enzyme composite such as solidified antibody/antigen/enzyme marker antibody is formed by immunization reaction, and the enzyme reaction of the enzyme in the immunity enzyme composite and the substrate is made to occur. Then, a solution after the enzyme reaction is stopped is picked up and put in a measuring bath 1. With the solution being stirred with an agitator 2, a working electrode 3 and a reference electrode 4 are immersed in the solution and an oxidation reduction potential is detected. The potential difference detected with both electrodes 3 and 4 is displayed on a display part 7 as a voltage value through an amplifier 5 and a signal processing part 6. The obtained voltage value is the value corresponding to the concentration ratio between the reduced body and the oxidized body in the solution. The voltage value is obtained for a standard liquid with known concentration beforehand, and a calibration curve for relation between the concentration and the voltage value is prepared. Thus the concentration of the component is obtained from the voltage value which is obtained for a sample, according to the calibrating curve.
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prevent the growth of bacteria, in a dialyzate adjustment device which uses a powder granular chemical, by easily achieving sterilization using a small amount of water while using no hypochlorous acid soda and eliminating the need to add any special devices, etc. SOLUTION: Purified water is supplied to the water receiving tank 2 of a dialyzate adjustment device and heated by an existing temperature-elevating heater 3 to a temperature of about 50 to 100 deg.C at which bacteria die. The purified water heated is made to circulate through a fluid circulation circuit 2a including the water receiving tank 2 and a fluid circulation circuit 7a including a dissolving tank 7, for a required time, to sterilize the water receiving tank 2, dissolving tank 7, and liquid circuits of the device.