Abstract:
Disclosed is a method—for cleaning a separation membrane module after raw water containing particles that have a higher hardness than the separation membrane are percolated using the separation membrane—wherein, with the aims of efficiently decreasing abrasion of the outer membrane surface resulting from the high-hardness particles during air washing, suppressing cake filtration resistance deriving from high-hardness particles on the membrane surface when the membrane continues to be used in a percolation step, and enabling stable operation at a low membrane percolation pressure differential, after ending percolation, after water on the primary side of the membrane within the separation membrane module is discharged out of the system, back-pressure cleaning is conducted, during which the back-pressure cleaning wastewater within the separation membrane module is discharged, and then one of the belowmentioned steps is conducted, after which the water on the primary side of the membrane in the separation membrane module is discharged out of the system: (a) a step wherein the primary side of the membrane in the separation membrane module is filled with water and air washing is performed; (b) a step wherein air washing is performed while supplying water to the primary side of the membrane within the separation membrane module.
Abstract:
The present invention has an object to provide a method for washing a separation membrane module after filtering raw water containing particles having a hardness higher than that of a separation membrane, wherein abrasion of the membrane outer surface by high hardness particles at the time of air scrubbing is efficiently reduced, and a cake layer resistance originating in high hardness particles on the membrane surface is suppressed when the membrane is successively used in a filtration step to allow stable operations at a low transmembrane pressure for a long time period. Thus, after completion of filtration, water at the primary side in a separation membrane module is drained to outside the system, backwash waste water in the separation membrane module is then drained while carrying out backwash, and any of the steps of:filling the primary side in the separation membrane module with water and carrying out air scrubbing; andcarrying out air scrubbing while feeding water to the primary side in the separation membrane moduleis then carried out, followed by draining water at the primary side in the separation membrane module to outside the system.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a method—for cleaning a separation membrane module after raw water containing particles that have a higher hardness than the separation membrane are percolated using the separation membrane—wherein, with the aims of efficiently decreasing abrasion of the outer membrane surface resulting from the high-hardness particles during air washing, suppressing cake filtration resistance deriving from high-hardness particles on the membrane surface when the membrane continues to be used in a percolation step, and enabling stable operation at a low membrane percolation pressure differential, after ending percolation, after water on the primary side of the membrane within the separation membrane module is discharged out of the system, back-pressure cleaning is conducted, during which the back-pressure cleaning wastewater within the separation membrane module is discharged, and then one of the belowmentioned steps is conducted, after which the water on the primary side of the membrane in the separation membrane module is discharged out of the system: (a) a step wherein the primary side of the membrane in the separation membrane module is filled with water and air washing is performed; (b) a step wherein air washing is performed while supplying water to the primary side of the membrane within the separation membrane module.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a methodfor cleaning a separation membrane module after raw water containing particles that have a higher hardness than the separation membrane are percolated using the separation membranewherein, with the aims of efficiently decreasing abrasion of the outer membrane surface resulting from the high-hardness particles during air washing, suppressing cake filtration resistance deriving from high-hardness particles on the membrane surface when the membrane continues to be used in a percolation step, and enabling stable operation at a low membrane percolation pressure differential, after ending percolation, after water on the primary side of the membrane within the separation membrane module is discharged out of the system, back-pressure cleaning is conducted, during which the back-pressure cleaning wastewater within the separation membrane module is discharged, and then one of the belowmentioned steps is conducted, after which the water on the primary side of the membrane in the separation membrane module is discharged out of the system: (a) a step wherein the primary side of the membrane in the separation membrane module is filled with water and air washing is performed; (b) a step wherein air washing is performed while supplying water to the primary side of the membrane within the separation membrane module.
Abstract:
In order to prevent a pressure increase during back-pressure washing of a hollow fiber membrane while suppressing a filtration resistance increase in the membrane by a simple method in a membrane filtration method by means of the hollow fiber membrane, provided is a hollow fiber membrane filtration device provided with a hollow fiber membrane module (4) which has a plurality of side surface nozzles provided with a water supply/drainage function on the side surface, and has an upper end surface nozzle provided with the water supply/drainage function on the upper end surface, and in which a hollow fiber membrane bundle consisting of a plurality of hollow fiber membranes is inserted into a cylindrical case having a lower end surface nozzle provided with the water supply/drainage function on the lower end surface, and in which the end section at least on one side of the hollow fiber membrane bundle is adhered and affixed to the cylindrical case by resin at a higher position than any of the plurality of side surface nozzles, wherein at least two of the plurality of side surface nozzles are communicated with each other through piping.
Abstract:
A method of producing a thermoplastic resin sheet by extruding a molten thermoplastic resin into a sheet form through a spinnert, cooling and solidifying the sheet on a cooling drum by applying an electrostatic charge, characterized by casting the resin by using a conductive tape which (A) forms an electrode having a substantially rectangular section, the thickness (mm) and the width Y (mm) satisfying simultaneously the relation: (1) 0.01