公开(公告)号：WO1995024614A1

公开(公告)日：1995-09-14

申请号：PCT/US1995002866

申请日：1995-03-08

Applicant: UNITED TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION ,  FINMECCANICA S.P.A. - RAMO AZIENDALE ALENIA

Inventor： UNITED TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION ,  FINMECCANICA S.P.A. - RAMO AZIENDALE ALENIA ,  MELTZ, Gerald ,  VARASI, Mauro ,  VANNUCCI, Antonello ,  SIGNORAZZI, Mario ,  FERRARO, Pietro ,  IMPARATO, Sabato, Inserra ,  VOTO, Claudio ,  DUNPHY, James, R.

IPC: G01D05/353

CPC classification number: G01M11/086 ,  G01K5/72 ,  G01K11/3206

Abstract: An embedded optical sensor has a plurality of layers (10-20) and an optical fiber (21) with a fiber grating (28), disposed between the layers (14, 16). The layers (10-20) comprise filaments (22) and resin (24) which have different thermal expansion coefficients and the filaments (22) are oriented so as to create unequal transverse residual stresses that act through the geometry of a resin-rich region that surrounds on the grating (28) in the fiber (21). The unequal transverse residual stresses cause birefringence in the grating (28), thereby causing the grating (28) to reflect light (32) having two wavelengths with a predetermined separation, each along a different polarization axis. The wavelength separation and average wavelength between such separation have different sensitivities to temperature and strain, thereby allowing independent temperature and strain measurements using only a single grating. The birefringence is maximized when the filaments (22) of the adjacent layers (10, 12) are oriented at 90 degrees with respect to the longitudinal (Z-axis) of the fiber (21).

Abstract translation: 嵌入式光学传感器具有设置在层（14,16）之间的多个层（10-20）和具有光纤光栅（28）的光纤（21）。 层（10-20）包括长丝（22）和树脂（24），其具有不同的热膨胀系数，并且长丝（22）被定向成产生不等的横向残余应力，其通过富含树脂的区域 其环绕在光纤（21）中的光栅（28）上。 不平等的横向残余应力在光栅（28）中引起双折射，从而使得光栅（28）沿着不同的偏振轴以预定的间隔反射具有两个波长的光（32）。 这种分离之间的波长分离和平均波长对温度和应变具有不同的灵敏度，从而允许使用仅一个光栅进行独立的温度和应变测量。 当相邻层（10,12）的细丝（22）相对于纤维（21）的纵向（Z轴）定向成90度时，双折射最大化。

公开(公告)号：WO1983004098A1

公开(公告)日：1983-11-24

申请号：PCT/US1983000713

申请日：1983-05-10

Applicant: UNITED TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION

Inventor： UNITED TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION ,  MELTZ, Gerald ,  NEWMAN, Leon, A. ,  DUNPHY, James, R. ,  FOSTER, Martin, C.

IPC: G01N21/49

CPC classification number: G01N21/85 ,  G01N21/53 ,  G01N2021/151

Abstract: A sensor employs a laser (12) to obtain a collimated light beam for transmission across the gas effluent of a catalytic cracking process. Particulate matter entrained in the gas flow forward scatters light energy to a collecting aperture (18) which, in turn focuses the scattered light on a first photodetector (22). A second photodetector (30) receives directly transmitted light energy. A ratio (64) between the output signals of the two photodetectors is derived and presented to a threshold level detector (70). If the magnitude of the scatter exceeds a predetermined level it is concluded that a catalyst load dump has occurred. The optical system is carefully selected to ensure that only light energy scattered from a sample volume (16) within the entrained gas flow reaches the first photodetector (22). This is important because it prevents particulate matter on the surfaces of the transparent windows (36 and 50) from affecting the operation of the sensor.

Abstract translation: 传感器采用激光器（12）来获得准直的光束，用于穿过催化裂化过程的气体流出物。 携带在气体流向前的颗粒物将光能散射到收集孔（18），收集孔（18）又将散射光聚焦在第一光电检测器（22）上。 第二光电检测器（30）接收直接透射的光能。 导出两个光电检测器的输出信号之间的比率（64）并将其呈现给阈值电平检测器（70）。 如果散射的大小超过预定水平，则可以得出结论，已经发生了催化剂负载突降。 仔细选择光学系统，以确保只有从夹带气体流中的样品体积（16）散射的光能才能到达第一光电检测器（22）。 这是重要的，因为它防止透明窗（36和50）表面上的颗粒物质影响传感器的操作。

公开(公告)号：WO1996027224A1

公开(公告)日：1996-09-06

申请号：PCT/US1996002842

申请日：1996-02-27

Applicant: UNITED TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION

Inventor： UNITED TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION ,  BALL, Gary, A. ,  MELTZ, Gerald

IPC: H01S03/06

CPC classification number: H01S3/0675 ,  G02B6/126

Abstract: A single polarization fiber and/or amplifier includes a non-polarization preserving fiber (10) having a fiber grating tap (12) which has a predetermined length and strength ( DELTA n/n) and is oriented at a predetermined angle theta and has a grating spacing D so as to couple-out of the fiber (10) a predetermined amount of one polarization (24) over a predetermined wavelength range of an input light (16) and pass the other polarization (28) as output light (26), the grating length being substantially the length of the fiber (10). Alternatively, all or a portion of the fiber (10) may be doped to form a polarization sensitive optical amplifier.

Abstract translation: 单个偏振光纤和/或放大器包括具有预定长度和强度（DELTA n / n）并且以预定角度θ定向的光纤光栅抽头（12）的非偏振保留光纤（10） 光栅间隔D，以在输入光（16）的预定波长范围内耦合出光纤（10）预定量的一个偏振（24），并将另一个偏振（28）作为输出光（26）通过， 光栅长度基本上是光纤（10）的长度。 或者，光纤（10）的全部或一部分可以被掺杂以形成偏振敏感的光放大器。

公开(公告)号：WO1991010156A2

公开(公告)日：1991-07-11

申请号：PCT/US1990007638

申请日：1990-12-21

Applicant: UNITED TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION

Inventor： UNITED TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION ,  MOREY, William, W. ,  LEONBERGER, Fred, J. ,  GLENN, William, H. ,  MELTZ, Gerald

IPC: G02F01/01

CPC classification number: G02B6/29322 ,  G02B6/022 ,  G02B6/02204 ,  G02B6/29395 ,  G02F1/0115 ,  G02F1/0126 ,  G02F1/0131 ,  G02F1/0147 ,  G02F1/125 ,  G02F2201/02 ,  G02F2201/307 ,  G02F2203/055

Abstract: A variable light filtering arrangement (10) includes at least one optical fiber section (11) including a waveguiding core (13), and at least one permanent Bragg grating region (12) in the optical fiber section. The grating region includes a plurality of grating elements constituted by periodic refractive index variations of a predetermined initial periodicity and cumulatively redirecting, of the light launched into the core for guided propagation therein, that having an axial wavelength within a narrow band around a central wavelength that is determined by the periodicity and refractive index variations of the grating elements. At least one of the periodicity and refractive index variations of the grating region is controlledly modified in such a manner as to temporarily change the central wavelength within a predetermined wavelength range.

Abstract translation: 一种可变光滤波装置（10）包括至少一个具有波导芯（13）的光纤部分（11）和至少一个位于所述光纤部分（11）中的永久布拉格衍射区（12） 光纤截面。 衍射区域包括由预定初始周期性的周期性折射率变化构成的多个衍射元件，并且累积地重新定向发送到其中其传播被传播的芯中的光， 中心波长附近的窄带中的轴向波长，其由衍射元件的周期性和折射率的变化确定。 衍射区域的周期性和折射率变化中的至少一个以受控方式改变，以暂时改变预定波长范围内的中心波长。

公开(公告)号：WO1991010148A1

公开(公告)日：1991-07-11

申请号：PCT/US1990007636

申请日：1990-12-21

Applicant: UNITED TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION

Inventor： UNITED TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION ,  GLENN, William, H. ,  MOREY, William, W. ,  MELTZ, Gerald

IPC: G02B06/00

CPC classification number: G02B6/02085 ,  G02B6/021 ,  G02B6/14

Abstract: An optical waveguide mode discrimination light filtering arrangement includes an optical waveguide (10) having an elongated multimode core (11), and a cladding (12) that guides at least two modes of light of a given frequency in an elongated path along a longitudinal axis of said core (11). At least one grating region (13) is embedded in the core (11) at a location remote from the end portions of the core (11) and has a multitude of grating elements (14) extending with a substantially equal longitudinal spacing substantially normal to the longitudinal axis to reflect light propagating in the path and reaching the grating elements (14) back into the path for longitudinal propagation therein opposite to the original propagation direction. The spaceing of the grating elements (14) is so related to the axial wavelength of one of the modes that the reflected light (Rμ) of the one mode interferes constructively while the light (Tμ) of any other of the modes passes through the grating region (13) in the original propagation direction substantially without attenuation.

公开(公告)号：WO1996027223A2

公开(公告)日：1996-09-06

申请号：PCT/US1996002626

申请日：1996-02-27

Applicant: UNITED TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION

Inventor： UNITED TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION ,  D'AMATO, Mary, A. ,  BALL, Gary, A. ,  MELTZ, Gerald

IPC: H01S03/06

CPC classification number: H01S3/0675 ,  H01S3/06712

Abstract: A polarized fiber laser source includes a fiber laser (10) comprising a pair of Bragg gratings (14, 16) at opposite ends of a fiber laser cavity (18) which is doped with a rare-earth dopant so as to allow lasing to occur at a lasing wavelength lambda L. A grating tap (26) is provided along a portion of the laser cavity (18) to couple-out a predetermined amount of light along one polarization, e.g., the "s" polarization, at the lasing wavelength lambda L. This causes one polarization mode to experience more loss than the other, thereby allowing the fiber laser to lase only on the less lossy polarization mode and causing the laser output light (40) to be polarized only along such polarization.

Abstract translation: 偏振光纤激光源包括光纤激光器（10），该光纤激光器（10）包括在光纤激光器空腔（18）的相对端处的一对布拉格光栅（14,16），其掺杂有稀土掺杂剂以允许发生激光 在激光波长λL处沿着激光腔（18）的一部分提供光栅抽头（26），以沿着激发波长的一个极化（例如，“s”极化）耦合预定量的光 这使得一个偏振模式经历比另一个偏振模式更多的损耗，从而允许光纤激光器仅在较小的有损偏振模式下变换，并且使得激光输出光（40）仅沿着这种偏振被极化。

公开(公告)号：WO1994017366A1

公开(公告)日：1994-08-04

申请号：PCT/US1994000967

申请日：1994-01-26

Applicant: UNITED TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION

Inventor： UNITED TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION ,  BALL, Gary, A. ,  MELTZ, Gerald ,  NEWMAN, Leon, A.

IPC: G01D05/26

CPC classification number: G01D5/35383 ,  G01J3/1895 ,  H01S3/0675

Abstract: A remote active multipoint fiber laser sensor includes a plurality of fiber lasers (12, 14, 16), each having a pair of Bragg gratings (18, 20), embedded in a fiber (10) and excited by a common pump light (30). The lasers (12, 14, 16) lase at different longitudinal modes (lasing wavelengths) and emit light (32, 34, 36), at their respective wavelengths ( lambda 1, lambda 2, lambda n). The lasing wavelength of each laser shifts due to perturbations, such as strain or temperature, applied thereto. The output light (32, 34, 36) is fed to a spectrum analyzer (50) where the wavelength shift is analyzed. A signal processor (54) reads the wavelength shift and provides a signal on lines (56) indicative of the perturbation at each of the lasers/sensors (12-16). Alternatively, a single laser may be used as a single sensor. Alternatively, birefringent fiber may be used as the fiber cavities (21) and the two polarizations are beat together to form a lower difference or ''beat'' frequency, thereby allowing lower frequency detection devices to be used.

Abstract translation: 远程有源多点光纤激光传感器包括多个光纤激光器（12,14,16），每个光纤激光器具有嵌入在光纤（10）中并由公共泵浦光（30）激发的一对布拉格光栅（18,20） ）。 激光器（12,14,16）以不同的纵向模式（激光波长）发射并在其各自的波长（λ1，λ2，λn）处发光（32,34,36）。 每个激光器的激光波长由于施加到其上的扰动（例如应变或温度）而移动。 输出光（32,34,36）被馈送到分析波长偏移的频谱分析器（50）。 信号处理器（54）读取波长偏移并且在线（56）上提供指示每个激光器/传感器（12-16）处的扰动的信号。 或者，单个激光器可以用作单个传感器。 或者，可以使用双折射光纤作为光纤腔（21），并且两个极化被一起击打以形成较低的差或“拍”频率，从而允许使用较低频率检测装置。

公开(公告)号：WO1986001303A1

公开(公告)日：1986-02-27

申请号：PCT/US1985001451

申请日：1985-07-31

Applicant: UNITED TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION

Inventor： UNITED TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION ,  GLENN, William, H. ,  MELTZ, Gerald ,  SNITZER, Elias

IPC: G02B05/18

CPC classification number: G02B5/18 ,  G02B6/02133 ,  G02B6/022 ,  G02B6/02204 ,  G02B6/124 ,  Y10S359/90

Abstract: A method of establishing a dielectric periodic index of refraction phase grating (16) upon the core (19) of an optical waveguide (15) by intense angled application of several tranverse beams (99) of ultraviolet light, enabling the establishment of a distributed, spatially resolving optical fiber strain gauge (13).

Abstract translation: 一种通过强烈倾斜地施加多个紫外线光束（99），在光波导（15）的核心（19）上建立折射相位光栅（16）的介电周期性折射率的方法，使得能够建立分布式， 空间分辨光纤应变仪（13）。

公开(公告)号：WO1986001286A1

公开(公告)日：1986-02-27

申请号：PCT/US1985001450

申请日：1985-07-31

Applicant: UNITED TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION

Inventor： UNITED TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION ,  MELTZ, Gerald ,  GLENN, William, H. ,  SNITZER, Elias

IPC: G01B11/16

CPC classification number: G01L1/242 ,  G01B11/16 ,  G01D5/35383 ,  G01K5/52

Abstract: A distributed, spatially resolving optical fiber strain gauge (13) in which the core (19) of the optical fiber (15) is written with periodic grating patterns (16) effective for transmitting and reflecting light injected into the core (19). Spectral shifts in the transmitted and reflected light indicate the intensity of strain or temperature variations at positions of the grating (16) corresponding to the associated wavelength of injected light.

Abstract translation: 分布式空间分辨的光纤应变计（13），其中光纤（15）的芯（19）被写入有效地用于透射和反射注入到芯（19）中的光的周期性光栅图案（16）。 透射光和反射光中的光谱偏移表示对应于注入光的相关波长的光栅（16）的位置处的应变或温度变化的强度。

公开(公告)号：EP0507889B1

公开(公告)日：2000-03-15

申请号：EP91905053.4

申请日：1990-12-21

Applicant: UNITED TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION

Inventor： GLENN, William, H. ,  MOREY, William, W. ,  MELTZ, Gerald

IPC: G02B6/00 ,  G02B5/18

CPC classification number: G02B6/02085 ,  G02B6/021 ,  G02B6/14