Abstract:
A quadrature clock generator is disclosed. The quadrature clock generator may include a first injection-locked oscillator, a phase interpolator, and a second injection-locked oscillator. The first injection-locked oscillator may generate a first plurality clock signals from a first reference clock signal. The phase interpolator may generate a second reference clock signal from the first plurality of clock signals, and the second injection-locked oscillator may generate a second plurality of clock signals from the second reference clock signal. A first quadrature clock signal may be selected from the first plurality of clock signals and a second quadrature clock signal may be selected from the second plurality of reference clock signals.
Abstract:
An example sigma delta modulator (SDM) circuit includes a floor circuit (306), a subtractor (308) having a first input coupled an input of the floor circuit and a second input coupled to an output of the floor circuit, and a multi-stage noise shaping (MASH) converter (302) having a programmable order. The MASH converter includes an input coupled to an output of the subtractor. The SDM further includes a programmable delay circuit (304) having an input coupled to the output of the floor circuit, and an adder (310) having a first input coupled to an output of the MASH converter and a second input coupled to an output of the programmable delay circuit.
Abstract:
An example clock generator circuit includes a fractional reference generator (202) configured to generate a reference clock in response to a base reference clock and a phase error signal, the reference clock having a frequency that is a rational multiple of a frequency of the base reference clock. The clock generator circuit includes a digitally controlled delay line (DCDL) (308) that delays the reference clock based on a first control code, and a pulse generator (206) configured to generate pulses based on the delayed reference clock. The clock generator circuit includes a digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) (208) configured to generate an output clock based on a second control code, the DCO including an injection input coupled to the pulse generator to receive the pulses. The clock generator circuit includes a phase detector (316) configured to compare the output clock and the reference clock and generate the phase error signal, and a control circuit configured to generate the first and second control codes based on the phase error signal.
Abstract:
In one example, receiver circuitry for a communication system comprises signal processing circuitry configured to receive a data signal and generate a processed data signal, and error slicer circuitry. The error slicer circuitry is coupled to the output of the signal processing circuitry, and configured to receive the processed data signal. The error slicer circuitry comprises a first error slicer configured to receive a clock signal, and output a first error signal based on a first state of the clock signal and processed data signal. The first error slicer is further configured to output a second error signal based on a second state of the clock signal and the processed data signal.
Abstract:
Apparatus and associated methods relate to adapting a continuous time linear equalization circuit with minimum mean square error baud-rate clock and data recovery circuit to be able to lock to the center or near center of an eye diagram. In an illustrative example, a circuit may include an inter-symbol interference (ISI) detector configured to receive data and error samples, a summing circuit coupled to the output of the ISI detector, a moving average filter configured to receive the output of the summing circuit and generate an average output, a voter configured to generate a vote in response to the average output and a predetermined threshold, and, an accumulator and code generator configured to generate a code signal in response to the generated vote. By introducing the moving average filter and the voter, a quicker way to lock to the center or near center of an eye diagram may be obtained.
Abstract:
An example successive approximation (SAR) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) includes: a track-and-hold (T/H) circuit (202) configured to receive an analog input signal; a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) (203); an adder (204) having inputs coupled to outputs of the T/H circuit and the DAC; a comparison circuit (206) coupled to an output of the adder and configured to perform a comparison operation; and a control circuit (250), coupled to an output of the comparison circuit, configured to: receive a selected resolution; gate the comparison operation of the comparison circuit based on the selected resolution; and generate a digital output signal having the selected resolution.
Abstract:
An integrated circuit device is described. The integrated circuit device comprises a substrate (202); a plurality of metal routing interconnect layers (710, 712, 716); an inductor (108) formed in at least one metal layer of the plurality of metal routing interconnect layers; and a bottom metal layer (702) between the plurality of metal routing interconnect layers and the substrate; wherein a pattern ground shield (302) is formed in the bottom metal layer. A method of implementing an inductor in an integrated circuit device is also disclosed.
Abstract:
A phase interpolator implemented in an integrated circuit to generate a clock signal is described. The phase interpolator comprises a plurality of inputs (121) coupled to receive a plurality of clock signals; a plurality of transistor pairs (330, 332, 340, 342), each transistor pair having a first transistor coupled to a first output node (310) and a second transistor coupled to a second output node (314), wherein a first clock signal associated with the transistor pair is coupled to a gate of the first transistor and an inverted first clock signal associated with the transistor pair is coupled to a gate of the second transistor; a first active inductor load (308) coupled to the first output node; and a second active inductor load (312) coupled to the second output node.
Abstract:
Methods and apparatus are described for a differential active inductor load (500, 510) for inductive peaking in which cross-coupled capacitive elements (M3, M4, M7, M8) are used to cancel out, or at least reduce, the limiting effect of the gate-to-drain capacitance (C gd ) of transistors (M1, M2, M5, M6) in the active inductor load (500, 510). The cross-coupled capacitive elements (M3, M4, M7, M8) extend the range over which the active inductor load (500, 510) behaves inductively and increase the quality factor (Q) of each active inductor (300, 400). Therefore, the achievable inductive peaking of the load (500, 510) is significantly increased, which leads to providing larger signal swing across the load for a given power or, alternatively, lower power for a given signal swing.
Abstract:
A common mode logic buffer device includes a current source (112) configured to provide a source current. An input stage includes a first MOS transistor pair (110) configured to generate, from the source current and based upon an input differential voltage, a differential current between two output paths. An output stage includes a second MOS transistor pair (106) configured to generate an output differential voltage based upon an effective impedance provided for the each of the two output paths. An adjustment circuit (104, 108) is configured to adjust, in response to a control signal, the effective impedance of the second MOS transistor pair (106).