公开(公告)号：US06177033B1

公开(公告)日：2001-01-23

申请号：US09334555

申请日：1999-06-21

Applicant: George W. Nauflett ,  Robert E. Farncomb

Inventor： George W. Nauflett ,  Robert E. Farncomb

IPC: C06B2500

CPC classification number: B01J3/008 ,  B01J19/1806 ,  B01J19/1862 ,  B01J2219/00063 ,  B01J2219/00094 ,  C06B25/00 ,  C07D305/06 ,  C08B5/02 ,  C08B37/0012 ,  Y02P20/544

Abstract: Liquid or supercritical carbon dioxide is used to create an environment for forming nitrating agents and energetic materials.

Abstract translation: 液态或超临界二氧化碳用于形成硝化剂和高能材料的环境。

公开(公告)号：US5907075A

公开(公告)日：1999-05-25

申请号：US872865

申请日：1997-06-11

Applicant: Bala Subramaniam ,  Michael C. Clark

Inventor： Bala Subramaniam ,  Michael C. Clark

IPC: B01J3/00 ,  C07B61/00 ,  C07C2/58 ,  C07C9/21 ,  C07C2/56

CPC classification number: C07C2/58 ,  B01J3/008 ,  C07C2521/06 ,  C07C2529/06 ,  Y02P20/544

Abstract: Improved isoparaffin-olefin alkylation solid catalyst processes are provided which are characterized by low coke laydown and catalyst deactivation rates and production of valuable branched chain, high octane number alkylates. The processes of the invention involve providing a starting reactant mixture comprising an isoparaffin, an olefin and a co-solvent or diluent (carbon dioxide in molar excess, methane, hydrogen or mixtures thereof), and contacting the reactant mixture with an alkylation catalyst at near-critical or preferably supercritical conditions for the reaction mixture. The carbon dioxide serves as a co-solvent and reduces the critical temperature (T.sub.c) of the reaction mixture, thereby allowing lower reaction temperatures. The isoparaffin and olefin reactants are preferably pretreated to minimize moisture, peroxide and oxygenate impurities therein.

Abstract translation: 提供改进的异链烷烃烯烃烷基化固体催化剂方法，其特征在于低焦炭沉淀和催化剂失活速率和有价值的支链高辛烷值烷基化物的生产。 本发明的方法包括提供起始反应物混合物，其包含异链烷烃，烯烃和共溶剂或稀释剂（摩尔过量的二氧化碳，甲烷，氢气或其混合物），并将反应混合物与烷基化催化剂接近 重要或优选超临界条件。 二氧化碳用作助溶剂并降低反应混合物的临界温度（Tc），由此允许较低的反应温度。 优选对异链烷烃和烯烃反应物进行预处理，以使其中的水分，过氧化物和含氧化合物的杂质最小化。

公开(公告)号：US5723045A

公开(公告)日：1998-03-03

申请号：US696222

申请日：1996-08-13

Applicant: Ernest Ludwig Daman

Inventor： Ernest Ludwig Daman

IPC: B01J3/00 ,  B01J4/04 ,  B01J19/24 ,  C02F11/08 ,  C02F1/72

CPC classification number: B01J19/24 ,  B01J19/2415 ,  B01J3/008 ,  B01J4/04 ,  C02F11/086 ,  B01J2219/00085 ,  B01J2219/00112 ,  B01J2219/00157 ,  B01J2219/00159 ,  B01J2219/00186 ,  Y02P20/544

Abstract: An improved process and apparatus are disclosed for the supercritical water oxidation of organic waste materials which avoids or at least substantially reduces the corrosion and solids deposition problems associated with prior art techniques. According to this invention, externally heated supercritical water is fed to a platelet tube reactor to both protectively coat its inner surface and heat the waste stream to oxidation reaction conditions. Higher reaction temperatures can be used as compared to prior art processes, which significantly improves the reaction rate and permits smaller reactors to be used. The protective film of water on the reactor inner surface, coupled with the elimination of preheating of the waste material, substantially reduces solids deposition and corrosion.

公开(公告)号：US5670040A

公开(公告)日：1997-09-23

申请号：US696205

申请日：1996-08-13

Applicant: Kawaljit Singh Ahluwalia

Inventor： Kawaljit Singh Ahluwalia

IPC: B01J3/00 ,  B01J3/04 ,  B01J4/00 ,  B01J19/00 ,  B01J19/24 ,  C02F11/08 ,  C02F1/72

CPC classification number: C02F11/086 ,  B01J19/2415 ,  B01J3/008 ,  B01J3/042 ,  B01J4/00 ,  B01J2219/00085 ,  B01J2219/00112 ,  B01J2219/00157 ,  Y02P20/544

Abstract: A process and apparatus for the supercritical water oxidation of organic waste materials which avoids or at least substantially reduces the corrosion and solids deposition problems associated with prior art techniques and which provides for efficient heating of the waste material to reaction conditions. Externally heated supercritical water is fed to a compound platelet tube reactor. The compound reactor includes a reaction zone and inner (smaller) and outer (larger) concentric platelet tubes supported concentrically within a shell. The water fed to the reactor both protectively coats surfaces of the inner and outer platelet tubes facing the reaction zone and heats the waste stream to oxidation reaction conditions. Higher reaction temperatures can be used as compared to prior art processes, which significantly improves the reaction rate and permits smaller reactors to be used. The protective films of water on the surfaces of the platelet tubes, coupled with the elimination of preheating of the waste material, substantially reduces solids deposition and corrosion.

Abstract translation: 用于有机废物的超临界水氧化的方法和装置，其避免或至少基本上减少与现有技术相关的腐蚀和固体沉积问题，并提供废物对反应条件的有效加热。 将外部加热的超临界水送入复合血小板反应器。 复合反应器包括反应区和内（较小）和外（较小）的同心的小心管，同心地在壳内。 供应到反应器的水均有保护地涂覆面向反应区的内部和外部血小板管的表面，并将废物流加热至氧化反应条件。 与现有技术方法相比，可以使用更高的反应温度，这显着地提高了反应速率并允许使用较小的反应器。 在血小板管表面上的水的保护膜加上消除废物的预热，基本上减少了固体沉积和腐蚀。

公开(公告)号：US5658610A

公开(公告)日：1997-08-19

申请号：US525622

申请日：1995-09-22

Applicant: Carl Bergman ,  Jan Westerlund

Inventor： Carl Bergman ,  Jan Westerlund

IPC: A23L2/42 ,  A23L3/015 ,  A61L2/02 ,  B01J3/00 ,  B01J3/04 ,  B01J19/20 ,  A23P1/00

CPC classification number: A61L2/02 ,  A23L2/42 ,  A23L3/015 ,  B01J19/20 ,  B01J3/008 ,  B01J3/04

Abstract: A method and device for high-pressure treatment of liquid substances, for example foodstuffs. The substance undergoes a cyclic process whereby a limited amount of the substance during each cycle is pressurized in a pressure intensifier (1) to a predetermined pressure and is then maintained at this pressure for a predetermined period of time. After the substance has been pressurized in the pressure intensifier (1), it is conducted to a pressure chamber (10) while maintaining the predetermined pressure. The substance is further caused to reside in the pressure chamber (10) for the predetermined period of time by being caused to pass over a predetermined distance between an inlet (9a) and an outlet (9b), which are arranged in the pressure chamber (10).

Abstract translation: PCT No.PCT / SE94 / 00260 Sec。 371日期1995年9月22日 102（e）1995年9月22日PCT 1994年3月23日PCT公布。 公开号WO94 / 21145 日期1994年9月29日液体物质例如食品的高压处理方法和装置。 物质经历循环过程，由此在每个循环期间将有限量的物质在增压器（1）中加压至预定压力，然后在该压力下保持预定的时间。 物质在增压器（1）中被加压之后，在保持预定压力的同时将其传导到压力室（10）。 物质进一步通过在设置在压力室中的入口（9a）和出口（9b）之间经过预定距离而在压力室（10）中停留预定时间段 10）。

公开(公告)号：US5558783A

公开(公告)日：1996-09-24

申请号：US377420

申请日：1995-01-24

Applicant: Thomas G. McGuinness

Inventor： Thomas G. McGuinness

IPC: B01J3/00 ,  C02F1/00 ,  C02F11/08 ,  C02F1/72

CPC classification number: C02F1/008 ,  B01J3/008 ,  C02F11/086 ,  Y02P20/544

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved apparatus and method for initiating and sustaining an oxidation reaction. A fuel, such as natural gas or hazardous waste, is introduced into a reaction zone within a pressurized containment vessel. A permeable liner is placed within the containment vessel and around the reaction zone. An oxidizer, preferably oxygen, is mixed with a carrier fluid, such as water, and the mixture is heated and pressurized to supercritical conditions of temperature and pressure. The supercritical oxidizer-carrier mix is introduced to the reaction zone gradually and uniformly, over a comparatively large area, by forcing it radially inward through the permeable liner and toward the reaction zone. A means and method for cooling the exhausted by-products and using them as a cleansing rinse are disclosed.

公开(公告)号：US5527466A

公开(公告)日：1996-06-18

申请号：US142777

申请日：1993-10-25

Applicant: Lixiong Li ,  Earnest F. Gloyna ,  Marcel G. Goemmans

Inventor： Lixiong Li ,  Earnest F. Gloyna ,  Marcel G. Goemmans

IPC: B01D53/72 ,  B01D61/14 ,  B01D61/16 ,  B01J3/00 ,  B01J10/00 ,  B01J19/00 ,  C02F1/44 ,  C02F1/72 ,  C02F11/08 ,  B01D65/08

CPC classification number: C02F11/08 ,  B01D53/72 ,  B01D61/14 ,  B01D61/145 ,  B01D61/147 ,  B01D61/16 ,  B01J10/007 ,  B01J3/008 ,  C02F1/444 ,  C02F1/725 ,  B01D2311/04 ,  Y02P20/544

Abstract: Apparatus and methods utilizing cross-flow filtration under supercritical conditions for water to separate/filter a feed stream or reaction mixture, remove oxides or other solids from fluids, and/or separate ion species (e.g., ions, electrolytes, or salts). Cross-flow filtration may be utilized in combination with wet oxidation of waste and wastewaters to remove organic and inorganic materials.

Abstract translation: 在超临界条件下使用交叉流过滤来分离/过滤进料流或反应混合物，从流体中除去氧化物或其它固体，和/或分离离子物质（例如离子，电解质或盐）的装置和方法。 交叉流过滤可以与废物和废水的湿氧化结合使用以除去有机和无机材料。

公开(公告)号：US5519947A

公开(公告)日：1996-05-28

申请号：US327638

申请日：1994-10-24

Applicant: J. R. Jocelyn Pare

Inventor： J. R. Jocelyn Pare

IPC: B01D1/00 ,  B01D19/00 ,  B01J3/00 ,  B01J19/12 ,  G01N30/02 ,  G01N30/06 ,  G01N30/14 ,  F26B3/34

CPC classification number: B01D1/0017 ,  B01D19/0078 ,  B01J19/126 ,  B01J3/008 ,  G01N30/06 ,  G01N2030/025 ,  G01N2030/146 ,  Y02P20/544

Abstract: The process involves improved route for expressing volatilizable components from a mixture containing such components. The improvement involves providing a sample having a mixture of volatile organic compounds and a microwave absorbing compound therein, contacting the mixture with the microwave energy to vaporize the microwave absorbing compound and subsequently volatilizing at least one volatile organic compound contained in the mixture by absorption of energy from the vaporized microwave compound.

Abstract translation: 该方法涉及用于从含有这些组分的混合物中表达可挥发成分的改进途径。 改进之处在于提供具有挥发性有机化合物和微波吸收化合物的混合物的样品，使混合物与微波能量接触以蒸发微波吸收化合物，随后通过吸收能量挥发混合物中的至少一种挥发性有机化合物 从蒸发的微波化合物。

公开(公告)号：US5496464A

公开(公告)日：1996-03-05

申请号：US385676

申请日：1995-02-08

Applicant: Jan Piskorz ,  Desmond St. A. G. Radlein ,  Piotr Majerski ,  Donald S. Scott

Inventor： Jan Piskorz ,  Desmond St. A. G. Radlein ,  Piotr Majerski ,  Donald S. Scott

IPC: B01J3/00 ,  C10G1/08 ,  C10G47/02 ,  C10G47/34 ,  C10G1/06 ,  C10G45/00

CPC classification number: C10G47/34 ,  B01J3/008 ,  C10G1/083 ,  C10G1/086 ,  C10G47/02 ,  Y02P20/544

Abstract: A process is described for hydrotreating a heavy hydrocarbon oil containing a substantial portion of material which boils above 524.degree. C. to form lower boiling materials, which comprises adding to the heavy hydrocarbon oil as solvent a paraffinic, isoparaffinic or cyclic paraffinic hydrocarbon which is also hydrogen-rich and has a critical temperature of less than 500.degree. C. to thereby form a diluted feedstock mixture and subjecting said feedstock mixture to hydrotreating in the presence of activated carbon catalyst at a temperature and pressure substantially at or greater than the critical temperature and pressure of the solvent.

Abstract translation: 描述了一种加氢处理含有大部分沸点高于524℃的大部分材料的重质烃油的方法，以形成较低沸点的材料，其包括将重质烃油作为溶剂加入石蜡，异链烷烃或环状链烷烃，其也是 富氢并且具有小于500℃的临界温度，从而形成稀释的原料混合物，并在活性炭催化剂存在下，在基本上等于或高于临界温度的温度和压力下使所述原料混合物加氢处理， 溶剂的压力。

公开(公告)号：US5461648A

公开(公告)日：1995-10-24

申请号：US329417

申请日：1994-10-27

Applicant: George W. Nauflett ,  Robert E. Farncomb ,  M. Lalith Kumar

Inventor： George W. Nauflett ,  Robert E. Farncomb ,  M. Lalith Kumar

IPC: B01J3/00 ,  B01J4/04 ,  B01J19/00 ,  B01J19/02 ,  C02F11/08 ,  G21C1/00 ,  G21C9/00

CPC classification number: G21C1/00 ,  B01J19/006 ,  B01J19/0066 ,  B01J19/0073 ,  B01J19/02 ,  B01J3/008 ,  B01J4/04 ,  C02F11/086 ,  B01J2219/00765 ,  B01J2219/0231 ,  G21Y2002/103 ,  G21Y2004/303 ,  Y02E30/30 ,  Y02E30/40 ,  Y02P20/544

Abstract: A supercritical water oxidation reactor includes a vessel with an interiorurface, two cooling sections, a heat exchanger, an oxygenating section, a pump, and a trap. The interior surface of the vessel has a corrosion-resistant, artificial ceramic or diamond-like coating. The artificial diamond coating is thin and crystal-like in structure. The heat exchanger is located between the two cooling sections. The heat exchanger and the two cooling sections surround the exterior of the vessel. The oxygenating section comprises a porous cylindrical baffle positioned within the vessel. The porous baffle transfers oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, or other oxygenating substances to an aqueous hazardous waste introduced into the reactor.In accordance with another aspect of the invention, the oxygenating section includes a shaft having a helical extension. The shaft has a corrosion-resistant, artificial diamond or diamond-like coating on its outer surface. The shaft rotates the helical extension to assist in removing solids from the aqueous hazardous waste.

Abstract translation: 超临界水氧化反应器包括具有内表面的容器，两个冷却部分，热交换器，氧合部分，泵和捕集器。 容器的内表面具有耐腐蚀，人造陶瓷或类金刚石涂层。 人造金刚石涂层结构薄，晶体状。 热交换器位于两个冷却段之间。 热交换器和两个冷却部分围绕容器的外部。 氧合部分包括位于容器内的多孔圆柱形挡板。 多孔挡板将氧气，过氧化氢或其他氧化物质转移到引入反应器的有害废水中。 根据本发明的另一方面，氧合部分包括具有螺旋延伸部的轴。 轴在其外表面上具有耐腐蚀的人造金刚石或类金刚石涂层。 轴旋转螺旋延伸部分以帮助从含水危险废物中除去固体。