Abstract:
An apparatus for plasma treatment, capable of plasma-treating works of resin material by irradiating the surfaces of the works with a microwave discharge plasma within a vacuum reaction chamber. A plasma introducing port is formed in the wall of the reaction chamber. A plasma-irradiating pipe is connected to the plasma introducing port for injecting the plasma into the reaction chamber to irradiate the surfaces of the works. A discharge port is formed in the wall of the reaction chamber to reduce the internal pressure of the reaction chamber. A plasma diffuser includes a rotatable vane for diffusing the flow of plasma to distribute uniform density of plasma in the reaction chamber. A plurality of deflecting plates projecting from the inner wall of the reaction chamber toward the interior thereof may also be provided to diffuse the flow of plasma in the reaction chamber. In a method, a plurality of the works are rotated in relation to each other about a common axis, and also individual works are rotated independently from each other about their own axes.
Abstract:
An apparatus for performing continuous treatment in vacuum including an inlet chamber, a first intermediate chamber, at least one vacuum treating chamber, a second intermediate chamber and a withdrawing chamber arranged in the indicated order in a direction in which base plates are successively transferred. An opening device normally closed and opened when a base plate is transferred therethrough is mounted on a wall at the inlet of the inlet chamber, between the adjacent chambers and on a wall at the outlet side of the withdrawing chamber. A conveyor device for conveying each base plate in a horizontal direction through the opening device is mounted in each of the chambers, and an evacuating device is also mounted in each chamber. A base plate storing device for storing a plurality of base plates in a magazine is mounted in the first and second intermediate chambers. At least one vacuum treating device is mounted in the vacuum treating chamber.
Abstract:
A continuous process is disclosed which comprises introducing a sulfonatable or sulfatable organic liquid onto a rotating reaction surface as a thin film, rotating the reaction surface at a velocity such that the thin film is continuously moved toward the periphery of the reaction surface, dividing the reaction surface into a plurality of areas, depositing within each area a controlled quantity of gaseous sulfur trioxide over the liquid film, maintaining the pressure during the reaction at subatmospheric levels, controlling the temperature of the reaction surface, moving the reaction product by centrifugal action to the periphery of the reaction surface and continuously collecting the reaction product.An apparatus for carrying out such a process is also disclosed.
Abstract:
The vacuum treating device, comprises a housing defining an interior treatment chamber which is connected to a pump for evacuating the chamber. The carrier for holding a product is mounted within the housing in opposition to a holder for the material which is to be vaporized to form a coating. The support structure is mounted within the housing at a spaced location from each of the walls thereof and it provides means for supporting a heatable foil material. In addition, a heater is provided for heating the foil which is located between the foil and the corresponding wall and advantageously comprises a heater which is heatable by an electric current. The heater may be a device, for example, which produces a gas discharge using an electrode. The construction includes an interior frame having posts for supporting the electrical heater and provisions for supporting the foil which advantageously comprises individual magnets which are positioned over the metal frame.
Abstract:
A method and apparatus for outgassing raw materials includes the steps of and means for heating the material to a temperature of about 800.degree. C. and maintaining that temperature for a first bake out period during which the material is maintained at a pressure of about 200 millitorr and for a second bake out period during which the material is maintained at a pressure of about 5 millitorr or less. During the first bake out period, an inert gas is backstreamed through the raw material.
Abstract:
A thin-film deposition apparatus comprises a cabinet having a vessel mounted therein which defines a vacuum chamber adapted to retain processed articles. A vacuum unit is mounted in the cabinet to communicate with an opening defined in the vacuum chamber whereby the chamber may be evacuated upon actuation of the pump of the vacuum unit. A door is movably mounted on a front panel of the cabinet for movement between closed and opened positions and a fan is preferably mounted on the cabinet and above the door to blow a laminar airflow over the front panel of the cabinet.
Abstract:
Apparatus for batch coating of substrates under vacuum including a vacuum chamber with a coating system and a plurality of lock chambers with substrate holders which can be introduced into the vacuum chamber. At least two lock chambers with substrate holders are positioned on a common axis on opposite sides of the vacuum chamber. Each lock chamber is provided on the side facing the vacuum chamber with a lock valve. The vacuum chamber is likewise provided with lock valves on the sides facing the lock chambers whereby the lock chambers can be coupled selectively with the vacuum chamber through the individual lock valves.
Abstract:
Apparatus for the chemical synthesis of an evaporant and a liquid has a cryogenic pumping device between the evaporant source and the reaction region and a pump causes the liquid to be continuously recirculated until the reaction is completed, the pressure in the evaporation region being maintained substantially lower than that in the reaction region by differential pumping.
Abstract:
A vacuum furnace heats articles by radiation from a condenser portion of a heat pipe. The heat pipe further includes an adiabatic portion passing through the enclosing wall of the furnace and an evaporator portion outside the enclosure. The evaporator portion is preferably heated by a gas-fired burner which may surround it, and the heat pipe acts as a flux converter accepting heat outside the enclosure and delivering heat inside the enclosure to the articles to be heated. The condenser portion of the heat pipe may be panel-shaped and is disposed adjacent the articles to be heat-treated. In the more elaborate forms of the invention involving condenser panels, the condenser panel, or each condenser panel where several heat pipes are used, is a cylindrical section which partially, or substantially completely, surrounds the articles. The evaporator portion and the condenser portion of the heat pipe are connected by the adiabatic portion which is so arranged that heat loss is minimized at the point where the heat pipe passes through the furnace enclosure.
Abstract:
APPARATUS CAPABLE OF USE AS AN ASPIRATOR FOR DRAWING A CONSTANT VACUUM AND FOR USE IN CIRCULATING COOLING SYSTEMS. THE APPARATUS IS PORTABLE AND INCLUDES AN ASPIRATOR AND MEANS ASSOCIATED THEREWITH FOR CREATING A VACUUM AT A CONTROLLED CONSTANT RATE.