公开(公告)号：US07298817B2

公开(公告)日：2007-11-20

申请号：US11000535

申请日：2004-11-30

Applicant: Zewu Chen ,  Walter M. Gibson

Inventor： Zewu Chen ,  Walter M. Gibson

IPC: G01N23/223

CPC classification number: G01N23/223 ,  G01N33/18 ,  G01N33/1813 ,  G01N2223/076 ,  G21K2201/064

Abstract: An x-ray fluorescence technique for detecting the level of arsenic in a sample of water or body fluid. Arsenic and lead are expected to fluoresce in a first energy band and lead is expected to also fluoresce separately in a second energy band. An excitation path directs x-rays toward the sample; a first detection path detects x-ray fluorescence of the first energy band from the sample; and a second detection path detects x-ray fluorescence of the second energy band from the sample. The level of arsenic can be obtained by analyzing the x-ray fluorescence from both detection paths, and using a constant which relates the level of lead in the second energy band to the level of lead in the first energy band. The excitation path and each detection path may each include a monochromating optic to transmit the desired x-ray energy band, e.g., a doubly curved optic.

Abstract translation: 用于检测水或体液样品中砷水平的x射线荧光技术。 预计砷和铅将在第一个能带中发出荧光，预计在第二个能带中铅也将分别发荧光。 激发路径将X射线引向样品; 第一检测路径检测来自样品的第一能带的X射线荧光; 并且第二检测路径检测来自样品的第二能带的x射线荧光。 可以通过分析来自两个检测路径的x射线荧光并使用将第二能带中的铅的水平与第一能带中的铅的水平相关联的常数来获得砷的水平。 激发路径和每个检测路径可以各自包括单色光学器件，以传输期望的x射线能带，例如双曲面光学元件。

公开(公告)号：US20070258156A1

公开(公告)日：2007-11-08

申请号：US11799936

申请日：2007-05-02

Applicant: Hexin Wang ,  Kurt Becker ,  Lutz Autschbach

Inventor： Hexin Wang ,  Kurt Becker ,  Lutz Autschbach

IPC: C03B23/20 ,  C03B23/00 ,  C03B21/00 ,  G02B5/08

CPC classification number: C03B23/0252 ,  C03B23/203 ,  C03B23/22 ,  G21K1/06 ,  G21K2201/064 ,  G21K2201/067 ,  Y10S359/90

Abstract: A method for producing a shaped body (10) made of glass or glass ceramics comprises the steps of: (a) placing at least two glass blanks (12a, 12b) side by side on a shaped surface (14) of a temperature-resistant sagging mold (13); (b) sagging the glass blanks (12a, 12b) onto the shaped surface (14) by heating the sagging mold (13) and the glass blanks (12a, 12b); (c) attaching the sagged glass blanks (10a, 10b) to each other in order to form the shaped body (10); and (d) lifting the shaped body (10) from the sagging mold (13). A shaped body (10) comprises at least two glass blanks (10a, 10b) attached side by side and formed by sagging.

Abstract translation: 用于制造由玻璃或玻璃陶瓷制成的成形体（10）的方法包括以下步骤：（a）将至少两个玻璃坯料（12a，12b）并排放置在温度成形表面（14）上 - 阻力下垂模具（13）; （b）通过加热下垂模具（13）和玻璃坯料（12a，12b）将玻璃坯料（12a，12b）下垂到成型表面（14）上; （c）将下垂的玻璃坯料（10a，10b）相互连接以形成成形体（10）; 和（d）将成形体（10）从下垂模具（13）提起。 成形体（10）包括至少两个玻璃坯料（10a，10b）并排并且通过下垂形成。

公开(公告)号：US20070121785A1

公开(公告)日：2007-05-31

申请号：US11491462

申请日：2006-07-21

Applicant: Reiner Dietsch ,  Thomas Holz

Inventor： Reiner Dietsch ,  Thomas Holz

IPC: G21K1/06

CPC classification number: G21K1/06 ,  B82Y10/00 ,  G21K2201/061 ,  G21K2201/064

Abstract: An X-ray optical element for and influencing of X-ray beam characteristics in two dimensions includes two reflective, curved elements arranged side-by-side to receive X-ray radiation from an X-ray beam source so that the radiation is directed onto both reflective elements and then reflected from one element onto the other element, wherein the two reflective elements are curved at different angles and have different focal lengths.

公开(公告)号：US07113567B2

公开(公告)日：2006-09-26

申请号：US10196805

申请日：2002-07-17

Applicant: Carsten Michaelsen ,  Rüdiger Bormann ,  Jörg Wiesmann

Inventor： Carsten Michaelsen ,  Rüdiger Bormann ,  Jörg Wiesmann

IPC: G21K1/06 ,  G01N23/223 ,  G01T1/36

CPC classification number: G02B5/0891 ,  B82Y10/00 ,  G21K1/062 ,  G21K2201/061 ,  G21K2201/064

Abstract: In an apparatus and a method for the analysis of atomic or molecular elements contained in a sample by wavelength dispersive X-ray spectrometry, wherein primary x ray or electron radiation is directed onto the sample whereby fluorescence radiation is emitted from the sample, the fluorescence radiation is directed onto a mirror or focussing device consisting of a multi-layer structure including pairs of layers of which one layer of a pair comprises carbon or scandium and the other comprises a metal oxide or a metal nitride and the fluorescence radiation is reflected from the mirror or focussing device onto an analysis detector for the analysis of the atomic or molecular elements contained in the sample.

Abstract translation: 在通过波长色散X射线光谱法分析样品中原子或分子元素的装置和方法中，其中初级x射线或电子辐射被引导到样品上，从而从样品发射荧光辐射，荧光辐射 被引导到由多层结构构成的反射镜或聚焦装置，该多层结构包括一对层，其中一层包括碳或钪，另一层包含金属氧化物或金属氮化物，并且荧光辐射从反射镜反射 或聚焦装置到分析检测器上，以分析样品中包含的原子或分子元素。

公开(公告)号：US07076026B2

公开(公告)日：2006-07-11

申请号：US10866057

申请日：2004-06-10

Applicant: Boris Verman ,  Jimpei Harada

Inventor： Boris Verman ,  Jimpei Harada

IPC: G21K1/06

CPC classification number: G21K1/062 ,  B82Y10/00 ,  G21K1/06 ,  G21K2201/061 ,  G21K2201/062 ,  G21K2201/064

Abstract: The present invention provides an x-ray beam conditioning system with a Kirkpatrick-Baez diffractive optic including two optical elements, of which one of the optical elements is a crystal. The elements are arranged in a side-by-side configuration. The crystal can be a perfect crystal. One or both diffractive elements can be mosaic crystals. One element can be a multilayer optic. For example, the multilayer optic can be an elliptical mirror or a parabolic mirror with graded d-spacing. The graded d-spacing can be either lateral grading or depth grading, or both.

Abstract translation: 本发明提供一种具有Kirkpatrick-Baez衍射光学元件的X射线束调节系统，其包括两个光学元件，其中一个光学元件是晶体。 这些元件并排配置。 水晶可以是一个完美的水晶。 一个或两个衍射元件可以是镶嵌晶体。 一个元件可以是多层光学元件。 例如，多层光学器件可以是具有梯度d间距的椭圆镜或抛物面镜。 分级d间距可以是横向分级或深度分级，或两者。

公开(公告)号：US06931097B1

公开(公告)日：2005-08-16

申请号：US10048138

申请日：2000-07-10

Applicant: Claude L. Davis, Jr. ,  Kenneth E. Hrdina

Inventor： Claude L. Davis, Jr. ,  Kenneth E. Hrdina

IPC: C03B8/04 ,  C03B20/00 ,  C03C17/36 ,  G02B5/08 ,  G02B5/10 ,  G02B5/26 ,  G02B5/28 ,  G02B17/06 ,  G03F1/00 ,  G03F1/24 ,  G03F1/60 ,  G03F7/20 ,  G21K1/06 ,  G21K5/02 ,  H01L21/027

CPC classification number: B82Y10/00 ,  B82Y40/00 ,  C03B19/1415 ,  C03B2201/07 ,  C03B2201/42 ,  G02B5/0891 ,  G02B17/0615 ,  G02B17/0636 ,  G03F1/24 ,  G03F1/60 ,  G03F7/702 ,  G03F7/70233 ,  G03F7/70283 ,  G03F7/70891 ,  G03F7/70958 ,  G21K1/062 ,  G21K2201/064 ,  G21K2201/067

Abstract: The projection lithographic method for producing integrated circuits and forming patterns with extremely small feature dimensions includes an illumination sub-system (36) for producing and directing an extreme ultraviolet soft x-ray radiation λ from an extreme ultraviolet soft x-ray source (38); a mask stage (22) illuminated by the extreme ultraviolet soft x-ray radiation λ produced by illumination stage and the mask stage (22) includes a pattern when illuminated by radiation λ. A protection sub-system includes reflective multilayer coated Ti doped high purity SiO2 glass defect free surface (32) and printed media subject wafer which has a radiation sensitive surface.

Abstract translation: 用于制造集成电路和具有极小特征尺寸的图案的投影光刻方法包括用于产生和引导来自极紫外线软X射线源（38）的极紫外线软X射线辐射λ的照明子系统（36） ; 由照明级产生的极紫外线软X射线辐射λ照射的掩模台（22）和掩模台（22）包括当被辐射λ照射时的图案。 保护子系统包括具有辐射敏感表面的反射多层涂覆的Ti掺杂的高纯度SiO 2玻璃无缺陷表面（32）和印刷媒体对象晶片。

公开(公告)号：US06650728B2

公开(公告)日：2003-11-18

申请号：US10196806

申请日：2002-07-17

Applicant: Carsten Michaelsen ,  Rudiger Bormann ,  Jörg Wiesmann

Inventor： Carsten Michaelsen ,  Rudiger Bormann ,  Jörg Wiesmann

IPC: G01N23223

CPC classification number: B82Y10/00 ,  G21K1/062 ,  G21K2201/061 ,  G21K2201/064

Abstract: In an apparatus and a method for the analysis of atomic or molecular elements contained in a sample by wavelength dispersive X-ray spectrometry, wherein primary x ray or electron radiation is directed onto the sample whereby fluorescence radiation is emitted from the sample, the fluorescence radiation is directed onto a mirror or focussing device consisting of a multi-layer structure including pairs of layers of which one layer of a pair consists of lanthanum and the other consists of carbon and the fluorescence radiation is reflected from the mirror or focussing device onto an analysis detector for the analysis of the atomic or molecular elements contained in the sample.

Abstract translation: 在通过波长色散X射线光谱法分析样品中原子或分子元素的装置和方法中，其中初级x射线或电子辐射被引导到样品上，从而从样品发射荧光辐射，荧光辐射 被引导到由多层结构组成的反射镜或聚焦装置，该多层结构包括一对层，其中一层由镧构成，另一层由碳组成，另一层由碳组成，并且荧光辐射从反射镜或聚焦装置反射到分析 用于分析样品中包含的原子或分子元素的检测器。

公开(公告)号：US20020003662A1

公开(公告)日：2002-01-10

申请号：US09854907

申请日：2001-05-14

Inventor： Augusto Marcelli ,  Alexandre V. Soldatov ,  Mikhail I. Mazuritsky

IPC: G02B005/18 ,  G01N023/20

CPC classification number: B82Y10/00 ,  G21K1/06 ,  G21K1/062 ,  G21K2201/064 ,  G21K2201/067

Abstract: A diffractor for electromagnetic radiation is based on a pseudo-spherical stepped geometry designed under the constant step width conditions. The diffractor consists of a few small pseudo-spherical curved dispersive elements (oriented crystal surfaces or gratings) that are located on a focal circle. The location on the focal circle of each element is made to guarantee the same Bragg angle for the incident radiation. Thus a diffractor is an array of diffracting elements (nullstepsnull), each one contributing to the total solid angle of the diffractor, that increase the spectral output of the device without decreasing the resolution. Scheme and parameters of different devices based on the analysis of x-rays secondary are described.

Abstract translation: 用于电磁辐射的衍射器基于在恒定步长条件下设计的伪球形台阶几何。 衍射器由位于焦点圆上的几个小的假球形弯曲色散元件（定向晶体表面或光栅）组成。 使每个元件的焦点圆上的位置保证入射辐射相同的布拉格角。 因此，衍射器是衍射元件阵列（“台阶”），每个衍射元件都有助于衍射器的总立体角，从而在不降低分辨率的情况下增加器件的光谱输出。 描述了基于X射线二次分析的不同装置的方案和参数。

公开(公告)号：US20010043667A1

公开(公告)日：2001-11-22

申请号：US09745236

申请日：2000-12-19

Inventor： Michael Antonell ,  Erik Cho Houge ,  John Martin Mclntosh ,  Larry E. Plew ,  Catherine Vartuli

IPC: G21K001/06

CPC classification number: G21K1/06 ,  G21K2201/062 ,  G21K2201/064 ,  G21K2201/067

Abstract: A reflective lens with at least one curved surface formed of polycrystalline material. In an example embodiment a lens structure includes a substrate having a surface of predetermined curvature and a film formed along a surface of the substrate with multiple individual members each having at least one similar orientation relative to the portion of the substrate surface adjacent the member such that collectively the members provide predictable angles for diffraction of x-rays generated from a common source. A system is also provided for performing an operation with x-rays. In one form of the invention the system includes a source for generating the x-rays and a polycrystalline surface region having crystal spacings suitable for reflecting a plurality of x-rays at the same Bragg angle along the region and transmitting the reflected x-rays to a reference position. An associated method includes providing x-rays to a polycrystalline surface region having crystal spacings suitable for reflecting a plurality of x-rays at the same Bragg angle along the region, transmitting the reflected x-rays to a reference position; and positioning a sample between the surface region and the reference position so that x-rays are transmitted through the sample.

Abstract translation: 具有由多晶材料形成的至少一个曲面的反射透镜。 在示例实施例中，透镜结构包括具有预定曲率的表面的基板和沿着基板的表面形成的膜，多个单独的构件各自相对于邻近构件的基板表面的部分具有至少一个相似的取向，使得 共同地，这些构件为从公共源产生的x射线的衍射提供可预测的角度。 还提供了一种用于使用X射线进行操作的系统。 在本发明的一种形式中，该系统包括用于产生x射线的源和具有晶体间距的多晶表面区域，该多晶表面区域适于沿着该区域以相同的布拉格角反射多个x射线并将反射的x射线传输到 参考位置。 相关联的方法包括向具有晶体间距的多晶表面区域提供x射线，该晶体间距适于沿着该区域以相同的布拉格角反射多个x射线，将反射的x射线透射到参考位置; 并将样品定位在表面区域和参考位置之间，使得x射线透过样品。

公开(公告)号：US06233096B1

公开(公告)日：2001-05-15

申请号：US09063482

申请日：1998-04-20

Applicant: Augusto Marcelli ,  Alexandre V. Soldatov ,  Mikhail I. Mazuritsky

Inventor： Augusto Marcelli ,  Alexandre V. Soldatov ,  Mikhail I. Mazuritsky

IPC: G02B518

CPC classification number: B82Y10/00 ,  G21K1/06 ,  G21K1/062 ,  G21K2201/064 ,  G21K2201/067

Abstract: A diffractor for electromagnetic radiation with a spherical stepped geometry constructed under the constant step width conditions (here defined as pseudo-spherical geometry). The diffractor consists of a plurality of spherically curved dispersive elements (oriented monocrystals, crystal surfaces or gratings) that are located on a focal circle. The location on the focal circle of each element is made to guarantee the same Bragg angle for the incident radiation. Thus a diffractor is an array of diffracting elements (“steps”) each one contributing to the total solid angle of the diffractor, that increase the spectral output of the device without decreasing the resolution. Because the steps are spherically curved, they are curved also in the direction perpendicular to the focal circle in order to satisfy Bragg's law for diffraction over a maximum area of the diffractor. The geometry proposed for the diffractor, is defined as pseudo-spherical because the footprint of the Bragg diffraction area on each step is that of a spherical crystal, therefore superior to any alternative cylindrical, also stepped, geometries. Scheme and parameters of different devices based on the analysis of x-rays secondary are described. Indeed, many standard devices may be rebuilt using this geometry: high resolution secondary monochromators for x-ray absorption spectroscopy, extremely high resolution monochromators for hard x-ray and neutron radiation, monochromators for x-ray microanalyzer and x-ray photoelectron spectrometers for chemical analysis (ESCA).

Abstract translation: 用于在恒定步长宽度条件（这里定义为伪球形几何形状）下构造的具有球形阶梯几何形状的电磁辐射的衍射器。 衍射器由位于焦点圆上的多个球形弯曲色散元件（定向单晶，晶体表面或光栅）组成。 使每个元件的焦点圆上的位置保证入射辐射相同的布拉格角。 因此，衍射器是衍射元件阵列（“台阶”），每个衍射元件有助于衍射器的总立体角，这增加了器件的光谱输出而不降低分辨率。 由于台阶是球形弯曲的，它们也在垂直于焦圆的方向上弯曲，以便满足衍射器的最大面积上的衍射的布拉格定律。 为衍射器提出的几何形状被定义为伪球形，因为每个步骤上的布拉格衍射区域的占地面积都是球形晶体，因此优于任何替代的圆柱形，也是阶梯状的几何形状。 描述了基于X射线二次分析的不同装置的方案和参数。 实际上，可以使用这种几何重建许多标准装置：用于x射线吸收光谱的高分辨率二次单色仪，用于硬x射线和中子辐射的极高分辨率单色仪，用于x射线微量分析仪的单色仪和用于化学的x射线光电子能谱仪 分析（ESCA）。