公开(公告)号：US06233096B1

公开(公告)日：2001-05-15

申请号：US09063482

申请日：1998-04-20

Applicant: Augusto Marcelli ,  Alexandre V. Soldatov ,  Mikhail I. Mazuritsky

Inventor： Augusto Marcelli ,  Alexandre V. Soldatov ,  Mikhail I. Mazuritsky

IPC: G02B518

CPC classification number: B82Y10/00 ,  G21K1/06 ,  G21K1/062 ,  G21K2201/064 ,  G21K2201/067

Abstract: A diffractor for electromagnetic radiation with a spherical stepped geometry constructed under the constant step width conditions (here defined as pseudo-spherical geometry). The diffractor consists of a plurality of spherically curved dispersive elements (oriented monocrystals, crystal surfaces or gratings) that are located on a focal circle. The location on the focal circle of each element is made to guarantee the same Bragg angle for the incident radiation. Thus a diffractor is an array of diffracting elements (“steps”) each one contributing to the total solid angle of the diffractor, that increase the spectral output of the device without decreasing the resolution. Because the steps are spherically curved, they are curved also in the direction perpendicular to the focal circle in order to satisfy Bragg's law for diffraction over a maximum area of the diffractor. The geometry proposed for the diffractor, is defined as pseudo-spherical because the footprint of the Bragg diffraction area on each step is that of a spherical crystal, therefore superior to any alternative cylindrical, also stepped, geometries. Scheme and parameters of different devices based on the analysis of x-rays secondary are described. Indeed, many standard devices may be rebuilt using this geometry: high resolution secondary monochromators for x-ray absorption spectroscopy, extremely high resolution monochromators for hard x-ray and neutron radiation, monochromators for x-ray microanalyzer and x-ray photoelectron spectrometers for chemical analysis (ESCA).

Abstract translation: 用于在恒定步长宽度条件（这里定义为伪球形几何形状）下构造的具有球形阶梯几何形状的电磁辐射的衍射器。 衍射器由位于焦点圆上的多个球形弯曲色散元件（定向单晶，晶体表面或光栅）组成。 使每个元件的焦点圆上的位置保证入射辐射相同的布拉格角。 因此，衍射器是衍射元件阵列（“台阶”），每个衍射元件有助于衍射器的总立体角，这增加了器件的光谱输出而不降低分辨率。 由于台阶是球形弯曲的，它们也在垂直于焦圆的方向上弯曲，以便满足衍射器的最大面积上的衍射的布拉格定律。 为衍射器提出的几何形状被定义为伪球形，因为每个步骤上的布拉格衍射区域的占地面积都是球形晶体，因此优于任何替代的圆柱形，也是阶梯状的几何形状。 描述了基于X射线二次分析的不同装置的方案和参数。 实际上，可以使用这种几何重建许多标准装置：用于x射线吸收光谱的高分辨率二次单色仪，用于硬x射线和中子辐射的极高分辨率单色仪，用于x射线微量分析仪的单色仪和用于化学的x射线光电子能谱仪 分析（ESCA）。