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    Fluidized bed reactor and system and method utilizing same
    142.
    发明授权
    Fluidized bed reactor and system and method utilizing same 失效
    流化床反应器及其使用方法及方法

    公开(公告)号：US5365889A

    公开(公告)日：1994-11-22

    申请号：US976024

    申请日：1992-11-13

    Applicant: John T. Tang

    Inventor： John T. Tang

    IPC: F23G5/027 ,  F23G5/30 ,  F23G5/46 ,  F23D19/00 ,  F23G5/00

    CPC classification number: F23G5/46 ,  F23G5/027 ,  F23G5/30 ,  F23G2201/303 ,  F23G2201/304 ,  F23G2202/103 ,  F23G2203/503

    Abstract: A fluidized bed reactor and system and method utilizing same for the combustion of waste fuels in which the reactor vessel is divided into three vessels. Waste fuel is introduced into the fluidized bed within one vessel where it is mixed with bed make-up material that is controlled to provide an ideal environment for the generation of pyrolytic gases. The fluidized bed material is pneumatically and gravitationally conveyed downwardly, and injected into a fluidized bed within the second vessel where the involatile organic material undergoes combustion in an oxidizing atmosphere. The bed material in the second vessel is pneumatically conveyed upwardly and divided into two portions, one of which is recycled back to the first vessel. The other portion of the bed material in the second vessel is circulated to a fluidized bed within the third vessel where heat is recovered. The bed material in the heat recovery vessel is gravitationally conveyed back to the second vessel to regulate the temperature in the latter vessel.

    Abstract translation: 一种流化床反应器及其利用废物燃料燃烧的系统和方法，其中反应器容器被分成三个容器。 将废燃料引入一个容器内的流化床中，在其中与被控制的床构成材料混合以提供用于产生热解气体的理想环境。 流化床材料被气动重力地向下输送，并注入第二容器内的流化床，其中非挥发性有机材料在氧化气氛中经历燃烧。 第二容器中的床料被气动地向上输送并分成两部分，其中一个被再循环回到第一容器。 第二容器中的床材料的另一部分循环到第三容器内的回收热量的流化床。 热回收容器中的床料被重力输送回第二容器以调节后者容器中的温度。

    Apparatus for separating contaminated material from impurities contained therein
    143.
    发明授权
    Apparatus for separating contaminated material from impurities contained therein 失效
    从含有污染物的污染物中分离污染物的装置

    公开(公告)号：US5220872A

    公开(公告)日：1993-06-22

    申请号：US874632

    申请日：1992-04-27

    Applicant: Heinz Wille

    Inventor： Heinz Wille

    IPC: C22B1/00 ,  F23G5/027 ,  F23G5/12 ,  F23G7/12

    CPC classification number: C22B1/005 ,  F23G5/027 ,  F23G5/12 ,  F23G7/12 ,  F23G2201/303 ,  F23G2201/50 ,  Y02P10/212

    Abstract: Described is an apparatus for separating contaminated material from impurities contained therein, by heating by means of hot gases. The apparatus has receiving chambers for accommodating the contaimated materials, and heating chambers which surround the respective receiving chambers. Each heating chamber is divided into first and second chamber means of which one is designed to carry a flow of burner gas while the second is designed to carry a flow of coolant. The first and second chamber means extend in mutually separate relationship and in a helical configuration around the associated receiving chamber. Each receiving chamber has gas distributor members to produce a turbulent flow in the chamber.

    Abstract translation: 描述了通过热气体加热来分离污染物质与其中所含杂质的装置。 该装置具有容纳收纳材料的收纳室和围绕相应的容纳室的加热室。 每个加热室被分成第一和第二室装置，其中一个被设计成承载燃烧器气体流，而第二室装置被设计成承载冷却剂流。 第一和第二腔室装置以相互分离的关系和围绕相关联的接收室的螺旋构造延伸。 每个接收室具有气体分配器构件，以在腔室中产生湍流。

    Batch pyrolysis system
    144.
    发明授权
    Batch pyrolysis system 失效
    批量热解系统

    公开(公告)号：US4913069A

    公开(公告)日：1990-04-03

    申请号：US324738

    申请日：1989-03-17

    Applicant: Thomas J. Schultz ,  Klaus H. Hemsath ,  Franklin G. Rinker ,  Jay K. Shah

    Inventor： Thomas J. Schultz ,  Klaus H. Hemsath ,  Franklin G. Rinker ,  Jay K. Shah

    IPC: F23G5/027 ,  F23G7/06

    CPC classification number: F23G5/0276 ,  F23G7/065 ,  F23G2201/303 ,  F23G2209/16 ,  F23G2900/54401

    Abstract: Method and apparatus is disclosed for thermally decomposing waste material from several batch furnaces plumbed into one afterburner. The afterburner is modified to mix and combust in a controlled manner an otherwise explosive mixture of fumes from several furnaces. The entire system is regulated only by the temperature of incinerated gases from the afterburner. The furnaces are operated in a sequenced, overlapping staged manner to produce a generally constant fume loading permitting significant cost savings in equipment and operation.

    Abstract translation: 公开了用于将多个分批炉中的废料热分解成一个后燃器的方法和装置。 补燃剂被修改为以受控的方式混合和燃烧来自几个炉的烟雾的另外爆炸性的混合物。 整个系统仅受来自加力燃烧器的焚烧气体的温度的限制。 炉子以顺序，重叠的分级方式运行，以产生通常恒定的烟雾负载，允许在设备和操作中显着降低成本。

    Method and plant for thermal waste disposal
    145.
    发明授权
    Method and plant for thermal waste disposal 失效
    热废物处理方法和设备

    公开(公告)号：US4878440A

    公开(公告)日：1989-11-07

    申请号：US200646

    申请日：1988-05-31

    Applicant: Herbert Tratz ,  Klaus Riedle ,  Georg Loesel

    Inventor： Herbert Tratz ,  Klaus Riedle ,  Georg Loesel

    IPC: F23G5/027 ,  C10B47/30 ,  C10B53/00 ,  F23G5/00 ,  F23G7/00

    CPC classification number: F23G5/006 ,  C10B47/30 ,  C10B53/00 ,  F23G2201/302 ,  F23G2201/303 ,  F23G2201/304 ,  F23G2202/20 ,  Y02E20/12 ,  Y02P20/129

    Abstract: A plant for thermal waste disposal includes a pyrolysis reactor converting waste into carbonization gas and substantially non-volatile pyrolysis residue and a discharge device connected to the pyrolysis reactor. A combustion chamber operated with an oxygen excess is connected to a carbonization gas discharge fitting of the discharge device for receiving the carbonization gas. A residue sorting device is connected to the pyrolysis residue outlet of the discharge device for sorting out coarser coarse components substantially including non-combustible ingredients such as rocks, glass shards, broken porcelain, and metal parts, from combustible finer coarse components. A transport device connected to the residue sorting device transports the finer coarse components. A grinding apparatus has an inlet side connected to the transport device and a discharge side for feeding the finer coarse components to the combustion chamber after grinding. The combustion chamber maintains combustion gases produced from delivered combustible material for a sufficiently long time at a sufficient temperature level to produce molten slag. The combustion chamber has an outlet for removing the molten slag which is cooled into a glassified form downstream of the outlet of the combustion chamber. A flue gas line leads from the combustion chamber to a chimney.

    Abstract translation: 用于热废物处理的设备包括将废物转化为碳化气体和基本上不挥发性热解残渣的热解反应器和连接到热解反应器的排放装置。 用氧过剩操作的燃烧室连接到用于接收碳化气体的排放装置的碳化气体排出配件。 残渣分选装置连接到排放装置的热解残渣出口，用于从可燃的较粗糙的组分中分选出基本上包括不可燃成分（例如岩石，玻璃碎片，破碎的瓷器和金属部件）的较粗糙的组分。 连接到残渣分选装置的输送装置输送较细的粗分量。 研磨装置具有连接到输送装置的入口侧和用于在研磨之后将更细的粗组分供给到燃烧室的排出侧。 燃烧室在足够的温度水平下将由输送的可燃材料产生的燃烧气体保持足够长的时间以产生熔融炉渣。 燃烧室具有用于除去熔融炉渣的出口，该熔渣在燃烧室出口的下游被冷却成玻璃化形式。 烟气管线从燃烧室引导到烟囱。

    Multifuel bubbling bed fluidized bed combustor system
    146.
    发明授权
    Multifuel bubbling bed fluidized bed combustor system 失效
    多燃料鼓泡床流化床燃烧器系统

    公开(公告)号：US4823712A

    公开(公告)日：1989-04-25

    申请号：US193152

    申请日：1988-05-05

    Applicant: Alex F. Wormer

    Inventor： Alex F. Wormer

    IPC: C10J3/54 ,  C10J3/56 ,  F01K23/06 ,  F23C6/04 ,  F23C10/00 ,  F23C10/18 ,  F23G5/027 ,  F23G5/04 ,  F23G7/00

    CPC classification number: C10J3/56 ,  C10J3/482 ,  C10J3/54 ,  C10J3/721 ,  C10J3/723 ,  C10K1/022 ,  F01K23/067 ,  F23C10/005 ,  F23C10/18 ,  F23C6/04 ,  F23G5/027 ,  F23G5/04 ,  C10J2200/152 ,  C10J2200/158 ,  C10J2300/0996 ,  C10J2300/1807 ,  F05C2201/023 ,  F23G2201/303 ,  F23G2201/304 ,  Y02E20/16 ,  Y02E20/18

    Abstract: In order to be able to handle multiple fuels in a bubbling-bed fluidized bed combustor, a number of elements are combined together and a number of systems are described which utilize these elements in order to be able to appropriately process different types of fuels. With respect to the handling of multiple fuels by a bubbling-bed fluidized bed combustor which need not be reconfigured for each type of fuel, the combustor in the subject invention is provided with a closely-coupled pyrolyzer or gasifier. The close-coupled pyrolyzer not only permits the processing of virtually any type of fuel into two fuel streams which are immediately usable by the combustor but also has certain advantages in terms of reducing environmental pollutants. The above-mentioned close-coupled pyrolyzer also results in improved performance aside from the pollution aspects mentioned above. The close coupling of the pyrolyzer to the fluidized bed combustor also allows fluid bed combustion systems to be built in larger capacity than heretofore possible. In one aspect of the subject invention, the close-coupled pyrolyzer permits the production of higher temperature flue gases than would be done with a fluidized bed combustor without the pyrolyzer. The subject invention also allows the use of high-moisture fuels and avoids the efficiency loss, output loss and the increased boiler size that is normally associated with those fuels. The above advantages of the close-coupled pyrolyzer are improved by the provision of some specially designed auxiliary apparatus, such as a specialized deep-bed pyrolyzer, a specialized screw feeding system and the utilization of under-the-bed cooling tubes in a fluidized bed combustor. The above has detailed the building blocks useful in numerous types of systems, three of which will be described hereinafter; namely, a system for processing refuse-derived fuels, a system for processing hazardous fuels and combined-cycle gas.

    Abstract translation: 为了能够在起泡床流化床燃烧器中处理多种燃料，将许多元件组合在一起，并且描述了利用这些元件以便能够适当地处理不同类型的燃料的多个系统。 关于通过不需要为每种类型的燃料重新配置的鼓泡床流化床燃烧器处理多种燃料，本发明的燃烧器设置有紧密耦合的热解器或气化器。 紧耦合的热解器不仅允许将几乎任何类型的燃料加工成两个燃料流，这两个燃料流可被燃烧器立即使用，而且在减少环境污染物方面也具有某些优点。 上述紧耦合式热解器除了上述的污染方面外，还能够提高性能。 热解器与流化床燃烧器的紧密耦合还允许流化床燃烧系统以比以前更大的容量建造。 在本发明的一个方面，紧密耦合的热解器允许生产比不用热解器的流化床燃烧器所做的更高温度的烟道气。 本发明还允许使用高水分燃料，并避免通常与这些燃料相关联的效率损失，输出损失和增加的锅炉尺寸。 通过提供一些特别设计的辅助设备，例如专门的深床热解器，专用的螺旋进料系统和在流化床中使用床下冷却管，可以改善紧密耦合的热解器的上述优点 燃烧器。 以上详细描述了在许多类型系统中有用的构建块，其中三个将在下文中描述; 即用于处理垃圾衍生燃料的系统，用于处理危险燃料和联合循环气体的系统。

    Procedure for producing soluble cellulose derivatives
    147.
    发明授权
    Procedure for producing soluble cellulose derivatives 失效
    生产可溶性纤维素衍生物的方法

    公开(公告)号：US4486585A

    公开(公告)日：1984-12-04

    申请号：US537379

    申请日：1983-08-30

    Applicant: Olli Turunen ,  Leo Mandell ,  Vidar Eklund ,  Kurt Ekman ,  Jouko Huttunen

    Inventor： Olli Turunen ,  Leo Mandell ,  Vidar Eklund ,  Kurt Ekman ,  Jouko Huttunen

    IPC: C10J3/00 ,  C08B1/00 ,  C08B15/06 ,  F23G5/027

    CPC classification number: F23G5/027 ,  C08B1/00 ,  C08B15/06 ,  F23G2201/303

    Abstract: The present invention concerns a procedure for producing cellulose carbamate from cellulose and urea. To avoid alkali treatment of the cellulose used as starting material with a view to decreasing the degree of polymerization of the cellulose, the cellulose in web form is exposed to a radiation dose of preferably 0.5 to 10 Mrad from a radiation source, whereafter the cellulose is reacted with urea at elevated temperature.

    Abstract translation: PCT No.PCT / FI82 / 00069 Sec。 371日期1983年8月30日 102（e）日期1983年8月30日PCT申请日1982年12月30日PCT公布。 出版物WO83 / 02278 日期：1983年7月7日。本发明涉及从纤维素和尿素生产纤维素氨基甲酸酯的方法。 为了减少纤维素的碱处理以减少纤维素的聚合度，纤维素形式的纤维素从辐射源暴露于优选0.5-10Mrad的辐射剂量，之后纤维素是 在高温下与尿素反应。

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