公开(公告)号：US20050243409A1

公开(公告)日：2005-11-03

申请号：US11141704

申请日：2005-06-01

Applicant: Donald Harter ,  Martin Fermann

Inventor： Donald Harter ,  Martin Fermann

IPC: H01S3/06 ,  H01S3/067 ,  H01S3/094 ,  H01S3/10 ,  H01S3/11 ,  H01S3/16 ,  H01S3/30

CPC classification number: H01S3/0627 ,  G02B6/262 ,  G02F1/3525 ,  H01S3/0606 ,  H01S3/0615 ,  H01S3/06708 ,  H01S3/06754 ,  H01S3/094003 ,  H01S3/094007 ,  H01S3/094069 ,  H01S3/09415 ,  H01S3/115 ,  H01S3/1611 ,  H01S3/1618 ,  H01S3/1673 ,  H01S3/302

Abstract: The invention describes techniques for the control of the spatial as well as spectral beam quality of multi-mode fiber amplification of high peak power pulses as well as using such a configuration to replace the present diode-pumped, Neodynium based sources. Perfect spatial beam-quality can be ensured by exciting the fundamental mode in the multi-mode fibers with appropriate mode-matching optics and techniques. The loss of spatial beam-quality in the multi-mode fibers along the fiber length can be minimized by using multi-mode fibers with large cladding diameters. Near diffraction-limited coherent multi-mode amplifiers can be conveniently cladding pumped, allowing for the generation of high average power. Moreover, the polarization state in the multi-mode fiber amplifiers can be preserved by implementing multi-mode fibers with stress producing regions or elliptical fiber cores These lasers find application as a general replacement of Nd: based lasers, especially Nd:YAG lasers. Particularly utility is disclosed for applications in the marking, micro-machining and drilling areas.

Abstract translation: 本发明描述了用于控制高峰值功率脉冲的多模光纤放大的空间以及光束质量的技术，以及使用这种配置来替代当前二极管泵浦的基于钕的源。 通过适当的模式匹配光学和技术，可以通过激发多模光纤中的基模来确保完美的空间光束质量。 通过使用具有大包层直径的多模光纤，能够使沿着光纤长度的多模光纤中的空间光束质量损失最小化。 近衍射极限相干多模放大器可以方便地进行包层泵浦，从而产生高平均功率。 此外，通过实施具有应力产生区域或椭圆形光纤核心的多模光纤，可以保持多模光纤放大器中的偏振状态。这些激光器可用作Nd基激光器，尤其是Nd：YAG激光器的一般替代。 公开了用于标记，微加工和钻孔领域的应用。

公开(公告)号：US20050105865A1

公开(公告)日：2005-05-19

申请号：US10992762

申请日：2004-11-22

Applicant: Martin Fermann ,  Gennady Imeshev ,  Gyu Cho ,  Zhenlin Liu ,  Donald Harter

Inventor： Martin Fermann ,  Gennady Imeshev ,  Gyu Cho ,  Zhenlin Liu ,  Donald Harter

IPC: G02B6/26 ,  H01S3/00 ,  H01S3/067

CPC classification number: H01S3/0057 ,  H01S3/0064 ,  H01S3/0078 ,  H01S3/06712 ,  H01S3/06725 ,  H01S3/06741 ,  H01S3/06754 ,  H01S3/06758 ,  H01S3/094007 ,  H01S3/1086 ,  H01S3/1301 ,  H01S3/1608 ,  H01S3/1618 ,  H01S3/2308 ,  H01S3/2316 ,  H01S3/302

Abstract: By compensating polarization mode-dispersion as well chromatic dispersion in photonic crystal fiber pulse compressors, high pulse energies can be obtained from all-fiber chirped pulse amplification systems. By inducing third-order dispersion in fiber amplifiers via self-phase modulation, the third-order chromatic dispersion from bulk grating pulse compressors can be compensated and the pulse quality of hybrid fiber/bulk chirped pulse amplification systems can be improved. Finally, by amplifying positively chirped pulses in negative dispersion fiber amplifiers, low noise wavelength tunable seed source via anti-Stokes frequency shifting can be obtained.

Abstract translation: 通过补偿光子晶体光纤脉冲压缩器中的偏振模色散以及色散，可以从全光纤啁啾脉冲放大系统获得高脉冲能量。 通过自相位调制在光纤放大器中产生三阶色散，可以补偿来自大容量光栅脉冲压缩器的三阶色散，可以提高混合光纤/体积啁啾脉冲放大系统的脉冲质量。 最后，通过在负色散光纤放大器中正向啁啾脉冲放大，可以获得经过反斯托克斯频移的低噪声波长可调种子源。

公开(公告)号：US20050105854A1

公开(公告)日：2005-05-19

申请号：US10705817

申请日：2003-11-13

Applicant: Liang Dong ,  Donald J. Harter

Inventor： Liang Dong ,  Donald J. Harter

IPC: G02B6/255 ,  G02B6/28 ,  G02B6/26

CPC classification number: G02B6/2551 ,  G02B6/2856 ,  H01S3/06754 ,  H01S3/094007 ,  H01S3/094053 ,  H01S3/09408

Abstract: One or more single mode few-moded or multimode fibers are incorporated into a bundle to carry input to a fiber amplifier or output from a fiber amplifier or a fiber laser. The input is at the signal wavelength, which is the wavelength where amplification or lasing occurs. Each of the fibers in the bundle is cleaved individually or as a group and fiber ends are aligned in the same plane. The fiber amplifier or fiber laser may include a double clad fiber and the other fibers of the bundle couple light for cladding pumping. The device may also include a mode filter for controlling the output mode.

Abstract translation: 一个或多个单模多模或多模光纤被并入到束中以将输入传送到光纤放大器或从光纤放大器或光纤激光器输出。 输入信号波长为发生放大或激光的波长。 束中的每个纤维单独地或作为一组裂解，并且纤维末端在同一平面中对准。 光纤放大器或光纤激光器可以包括双包层光纤，并且该束的其它光纤耦合光以进行包层泵浦。 该装置还可以包括用于控制输出模式的模式滤波器。

公开(公告)号：US20030057192A1

公开(公告)日：2003-03-27

申请号：US10278786

申请日：2002-10-24

Applicant: IMRA America, Inc.

Inventor： Rajesh S. Patel

IPC: B23K026/38 ,  B23K026/14

CPC classification number: B23K26/0676 ,  B23K26/0006 ,  B23K26/0624 ,  B23K26/066 ,  B23K26/142 ,  B23K26/361 ,  B23K26/40 ,  B23K2103/30 ,  B23K2103/42 ,  B23K2103/50 ,  B23K2103/52 ,  B23K2103/56

Abstract: A method for material processing using a pulsed laser includes generating a beam of laser pulses, focusing the beam in a plane above the surface of a workpiece, causing breakdown of matter at a lasing point, and removing or modifying material of the workpiece. Positioning the focal plane of the laser above the workpiece permits the use of higher intensity laser beam pulses and minimizes ill effects of workpiece surface conditions on laser energy absorption. In a second aspect, a method for material processing further includes using vacuum to remove the material removed by the beam, preferably by a push-pull type air vacuum system located slightly above the workpiece surface, thereby providing cleaner workpiece and feature surfaces.

公开(公告)号：US6154310A

公开(公告)日：2000-11-28

申请号：US975679

申请日：1997-11-21

Applicant: Almantas Galvanauskas ,  Ka K. Wong ,  Donald J. Harter

Inventor： Almantas Galvanauskas ,  Ka K. Wong ,  Donald J. Harter

IPC: H01S3/098 ,  G01B9/02 ,  G02F1/313 ,  G02F1/335 ,  G02F1/39 ,  H01S3/06 ,  H04B10/02 ,  H04B10/28 ,  G02F1/37

CPC classification number: G02F1/3137 ,  G01B9/02007 ,  G01B9/02014 ,  G01B9/02091 ,  G02F1/3132 ,  G02F1/395 ,  G02F1/335 ,  G02F2201/124 ,  H01S3/0057

Abstract: A multiple-wavelength ultrashort-pulse laser system includes a laser generator producing ultrashort pulses at a fixed wavelength, and at least one and preferably a plurality of wavelength-conversion channels. Preferably, a fiber laser system is used for generating single-wavelength, ultrashort pulses. An optical split switch matrix directs the pulses from the laser generator into at least one of the wavelength conversion channels. An optical combining switch matrix is disposed downstream of the wavelength-conversion channels and combines outputs from separate wavelength-conversion channels into a single output channel. Preferably, waveguides formed in a ferroelectric substrate by titanium indiffusion (TI) and/or proton exchange (PE) form the wavelength-conversion channels and the splitting and combining matrices. Use of the waveguide allows efficient optical parametric generation to occur in the wavelength-conversion channels at pulse energies achievable with a mode-locked laser source. The multiple-wavelength laser system can replace a plurality of different, single-wavelength laser systems. One particular application for the system is a multi-photon microscope, where the ability to select the ultrashort-signal wavelength of the laser source accommodates any single fluorescent dye or several fluorescent dyes simultaneously. In its simplest form, the system can be used to convert the laser wavelength to a more favorable wavelength. For example, pulses generated at 1.55 .mu.m by a mode-locked erbium fiber laser can be converted to 1.3 .mu.m for use in optical coherence tomography or to 1.04-1.12 .mu.m for amplification by a Yterbium amplifier, allowing amplification of pulses which can be used in a display, printing or machining system.

Abstract translation: 多波长超短脉冲激光系统包括产生固定波长的超短脉冲的激光发生器和至少一个，优选多个波长转换通道。 优选地，光纤激光系统用于产生单波长超短脉冲。 光分路开关矩阵将来自激光发生器的脉冲引导到至少一个波长转换通道。 光学组合开关矩阵设置在波长转换通道的下游，并将来自分离的波长转换通道的输出组合成单个输出通道。 优选地，通过钛扩散（TI）和/或质子交换（PE）在铁电衬底中形成的波导形成波长转换通道和分离和组合矩阵。 波导的使用允许在波长转换通道中以在锁模激光源可实现的脉冲能量下发生有效的光参量产生。 多波长激光系统可以代替多个不同的单波长激光系统。 该系统的一个特殊应用是多光子显微镜，其中选择激光源的超短信号波长的能力同时容纳任何单一荧光染料或几种荧光染料。 在其最简单的形式中，该系统可用于将激光波长转换成更有利的波长。 例如，通过模式锁定铒光纤激光器在1.55μm产生的脉冲可以转换为1.3μm用于光学相干断层扫描，或者通过镱放大器放大到1.04-1.12μm，以允许放大脉冲， 用于显示，打印或加工系统。

公开(公告)号：US6020591A

公开(公告)日：2000-02-01

申请号：US892843

申请日：1997-07-11

Applicant: Donald J. Harter ,  Jeff A. Squier

Inventor： Donald J. Harter ,  Jeff A. Squier

IPC: G02B21/02 ,  G02B21/00 ,  G01N21/64

CPC classification number: G02B21/0084 ,  G02B21/0076

Abstract: A two-photon fluorescence microscope employs two laser beams having pulses of respective wavelengths .lambda..sub.2 and .lambda..sub.3, which cause two-photon emission of a fluorophore when the pulses are spatially and temporally overlapping. The pulses of the two beams of wavelengths .lambda..sub.2 and .lambda..sub.3 are combined at some crossing angle .theta. within the specimen, causing two-photon absorption within a line-shaped region during each instant of overlap. As the pulses pass through each other, the overlapping line-shaped region moves such that a slice of the fluorophore-containing specimen is excited by two-photon absorption during the overlap period. Lateral scanning is effected without moving parts by adjusting the relative delay of the pulses in the two beams. When the crossing angle .theta. is set to 0, i.e., when the two beams are directed along the same axis, the pulses of the two beams form a pancake-shaped volume in which two-photon excitation occurs as the pulses spatially and temporally overlap while traveling in opposite directions. A two-dimensional detector, such as a two-dimensional charge coupled device (CCD) array, can be used to detect a two-dimensional portion of the specimen at one time without lateral scanning. A three-dimensional image can be produced by adjusting the time delay between the two pulses, thereby changing the location of the "pancake" volume created by the intersection of the two pulses.

Abstract translation: 双光子荧光显微镜使用具有各自波长λ2和λ3的脉冲的两个激光束，当脉冲在空间上和时间上重叠时，其产生荧光团的双光子发射。 波长λ2和λ3的两个波长的脉冲在样本内的某个交叉角度θ处组合，在每个重叠时刻内在线状区域内引起双光子吸收。 当脉冲彼此通过时，重叠的线状区域移动，使得在重叠期间，含荧光团的样品的切片被双光子吸收激发。 通过调整两个光束中的脉冲的相对延迟来实现横向扫描而不移动部分。 当交叉角θ设置为0时，即当两个光束沿着相同的轴线被引导时，两个光束的脉冲形成薄饼状体积，其中双光子激发发生在脉冲空间和时间上重叠的同时 沿相反方向行驶。 诸如二维电荷耦合器件（CCD）阵列之类的二维检测器可用于一次检测样本的二维部分而不进行横向扫描。 可以通过调整两个脉冲之间的时间延迟来产生三维图像，从而改变由两个脉冲的交点产生的“煎饼”体积的位置。

公开(公告)号：US5923686A

公开(公告)日：1999-07-13

申请号：US876933

申请日：1997-06-16

Applicant: Martin E. Fermann ,  Donald J. Harter

Inventor： Martin E. Fermann ,  Donald J. Harter

IPC: G02F1/35 ,  H01S3/06 ,  H01S3/067 ,  H01S3/098 ,  H01S3/11

CPC classification number: H01S3/067 ,  H01S3/08059 ,  H01S3/1112 ,  H01S3/1115 ,  Y10T29/49826

Abstract: The present invention is directed to providing an environmentally stable, ultra-short pulse source. Exemplary embodiments relate to passively modelocked ultra-short fiber lasers which are insensitive to temperature variations and which possess only negligible sensitivity to pressure variations. Further, exemplary embodiments can be implemented in a cost-effective manner which render them commercially practical in unlimited applications. Arbitrary fiber lengths (e.g., on the order of 1 millimeter to 1 kilometer, or greater) can be used to provide an ultra-short pulse with a cost-effective architecture which is commercially practical.

公开(公告)号：US5882721A

公开(公告)日：1999-03-16

申请号：US847098

申请日：1997-05-01

Applicant: Frank M. Delnick

Inventor： Frank M. Delnick

IPC: H01G9/02 ,  H01M2/16 ,  H01M4/02 ,  H01M6/02 ,  H01M8/02 ,  H01M10/40 ,  B05D5/12 ,  H01M6/14

CPC classification number: H01M8/0293 ,  H01G11/52 ,  H01G11/84 ,  H01M2/164 ,  H01M2/1646 ,  H01M2/1673 ,  Y02E60/13 ,  Y02P70/54 ,  Y02P70/56

Abstract: A method of forming a porous composite separator layer for an electrochemical cell comprising the steps of printing a thin layer of a separator precursor solution on the surface of one of the electrochemical cell electrodes, curing the thin layer of separator precursor solution so that it transforms into a microporous composite separator structure. In the preferred embodiment, the separator precursor solution is formulated as an ink comprising a silica aerogel filler material dispersed in a solution of polymer binder which is dissolved in a suitable solvent. The process allows the manufacture of thin and flexible composite separators which are conformally bonded to the underlying electrodes.

Abstract translation: 一种形成用于电化学电池的多孔复合隔离层的方法，包括以下步骤：在一个电化学电池电极的表面上印刷隔板前体溶液的薄层，固化隔膜前体溶液的薄层，使其转变成 微孔复合隔板结构。 在优选的实施方案中，分离器前体溶液配制成包含分散在溶解在合适溶剂中的聚合物粘合剂溶液中的二氧化硅气凝胶填料的油墨。 该方法允许制造薄且柔性的复合分离器，其被共形结合到下面的电极。

公开(公告)号：US5778016A

公开(公告)日：1998-07-07

申请号：US602457

申请日：1996-02-16

Applicant: Gregg D. Sucha ,  Martin E. Fermann ,  Donald J. Harter

Inventor： Gregg D. Sucha ,  Martin E. Fermann ,  Donald J. Harter

IPC: H01S3/10 ,  G01B11/24 ,  G01M11/00 ,  G01P3/80 ,  G01R13/34 ,  G01S7/48 ,  G01S7/484 ,  G01S7/486 ,  G01S17/10 ,  G01S17/50 ,  H01S3/02 ,  H01S3/06 ,  H01S3/07 ,  H01S3/098 ,  H01S3/105 ,  H01S3/13 ,  H01S3/139 ,  H01S3/23 ,  H01S3/00

CPC classification number: H01S3/2383 ,  G01P3/806 ,  G01R13/347 ,  G01S17/107 ,  G01S17/50 ,  G01S7/484 ,  G01S7/486 ,  G01S7/497 ,  H01S3/1398

Abstract: The present invention is directed to methods and apparatuses for performing temporal scanning using ultra-short pulsewidth lasers in which only minimal (micro-scale) mechanical movement is required. The invention also relates to methods for obtaining high-accuracy timing calibration, on the order of femtoseconds. A dual laser system is disclosed in which the cavity of one or more of the lasers is dithered, by using a piezoelectric element. A Fabry-Perot etalon is used to generate a sequence of timing pulses used in conjunction with a laser beam produced by the laser having the dithered laser cavity. A correlator correlates a laser pulse from one of the lasers with the sequence of timing pulses to produce a calibrated time scale. The methods and apparatuses of the present invention are applicable to many applications requiring rapid scanning and time calibration, including, but not limited to metrology, characterization of charge dynamics in semiconductors, electro-optic testing of ultrafast electronic and optoelectronic devices, optical time domain reflectometry, and electro-optic sampling oscilloscopes.

公开(公告)号：US5710424A

公开(公告)日：1998-01-20

申请号：US544718

申请日：1995-10-18

Applicant: James T. Theodoras, II ,  Salvatore F. Nati, Jr.

Inventor： James T. Theodoras, II ,  Salvatore F. Nati, Jr.

IPC: H01L31/09 ,  G01S7/487 ,  G01S17/93 ,  G01C3/08

CPC classification number: G01S17/936 ,  G01S7/4861 ,  G01S7/487

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for detecting pulses of light energy from at least two fields of view. A first detector having a first bias detects a pulse received at a first point in time. A second detector having a second bias, different from the first bias, detects a pulse received at a second point in time. A processor compares an output of the first detector with a first threshold to produce a signal representing receipt of a pulse from a first field of view. The processor also compares an output of the second detector with a second threshold, different from the first threshold, to produce a signal representing receipt of a pulse from a second field of view. Because the detectors are biased with different biases, the detected pulses are easily distinguished. Thus, multiple fields of view can be detected without complex hardware. The detectors can be biased with opposite polarities so that background noise is cancelled out. In a system and method for detecting pulses of light energy from at least two fields of view, a transmitter transmits pulses of light energy into a first field of view and into a second field of view. A single transmitter can be used to emit signals towards multiple fields of view. Thus, the transmitter only has to emit signals once for multiple samples, increasing the number of samples that can be taken per sample period.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种用于从至少两个视野检测光能的脉冲的装置和方法。 具有第一偏置的第一检测器检测在第一时间点接收到的脉冲。 具有不同于第一偏压的第二偏压的第二检测器检测在第二时间点接收的脉冲。 处理器将第一检测器的输出与第一阈值进行比较，以产生表示从第一视场接收脉冲的信号。 处理器还将第二检测器的输出与不同于第一阈值的第二阈值进行比较，以产生表示从第二视场接收脉冲的信号。 由于检测器被偏置为不同的偏置，因此检测到的脉冲容易被区分开。 因此，可以在没有复杂硬件的情况下检测多个视场。 检测器可以偏置相反的极性，从而消除背景噪声。 在用于从至少两个视野检测光能的脉冲的系统和方法中，发射器将光能的脉冲发射到第一视野并进入第二视场。 单个发射机可用于向多个视场发射信号。 因此，发射机只需要为多个样本发射一次信号，增加每个采样周期可以采集的采样数。