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    Fabrication of optical fibers incorporating volatile constituents
    171.
    发明申请
    Fabrication of optical fibers incorporating volatile constituents 审中-公开
    掺入挥发性成分的光纤的制造

    公开(公告)号：US20020054741A1

    公开(公告)日：2002-05-09

    申请号：US09978201

    申请日：2001-10-17

    Inventor： Gilberto Brambilla ,  Valerio Pruneri

    IPC: G02B006/16 ,  C03B037/023

    CPC classification number: C03B37/02754 ,  C03B37/01205 ,  C03B37/01211 ,  C03B37/027 ,  C03B2201/28 ,  C03B2201/30 ,  C03B2201/32 ,  C03B2201/34 ,  C03B2201/50 ,  C03B2205/13 ,  C03B2205/14 ,  C03B2205/16 ,  C03C13/04 ,  C03C13/046

    Abstract: A method of fabricating an optical fiber incorporating a volatile constituent, involving: (a) providing a preform comprising a cladding glass having an axial aperture and a core glass arranged in the axial aperture, wherein the working temperature of the core glass lies below the working temperature of the cladding glass; and (b) drawing the preform into an optical fiber at a drawing temperature that lies between the working temperatures of the core and cladding glasses and above the softening temperature of the cladding glass, wherein the core glass prior to drawing includes a dioxide or higher oxide compound of the volatile constituent having a Gibbs free energy of disassociation into a monoxide compound of the volatile constituent that is negative at the drawing temperature, whereby the dioxide or higher oxide compound tends to disassociate into the monoxide compound during drawing. The volatile constituent may be Sn or Pb. The method may also be adapted for incorporating P as the volatile constituent. With this method, the core material melts while the cladding glass remains solid but in a deformable state. Melting the core material, provides more freedom in the choice of combinations of core and cladding glasses. The starting material for the core may be a powder or a solid rod, i.e. the invention may be embodied as a powder-in-tube (PIT) or a rod-in-tube (RIT) method.

    Abstract translation: 一种制造包含挥发性成分的光纤的方法，其包括：（a）提供包括具有轴向孔径的包层玻璃和布置在所述轴向孔中的芯玻璃的预成型件，其中所述芯玻璃的工作温度位于所述工作 包层玻璃的温度; 和（b）在处于芯和包层玻璃的工作温度之间并高于包层玻璃的软化温度的拉伸温度下将预成型件拉制成光纤，其中在拉拔之前的芯玻璃包括二氧化物或更高的氧化物 挥发性成分的化合物具有解离的吉布斯自由能，在拉伸温度下为负的挥发性成分的一氧化物化合物，由此二氧化物或更高级的氧化物化合物倾向于在拉伸期间分解成一氧化合物。 挥发性成分可以是Sn或Pb。 该方法还可以适于将P作为挥发性成分掺入。 利用这种方法，芯材料熔化，同时包层玻璃保持固体但处于可变形状态。 熔化芯材料可提供更多的自由选择芯和包层玻璃的组合。 芯的起始材料可以是粉末或实心棒，即本发明可以实施为管内粉末（PIT）或棒内管（RIT）方法。

    Optical waveguide and method of manufacturing the same
    172.
    发明申请
    Optical waveguide and method of manufacturing the same 审中-公开
    光波导及其制造方法

    公开(公告)号：US20020018622A1

    公开(公告)日：2002-02-14

    申请号：US09915334

    申请日：2001-07-27

    Applicant: THE FURUKAWA ELECTRIC CO., LTD.

    Inventor： Kazutaka Nara ,  Kazuhisa Kashihara

    IPC: G02B006/26

    CPC classification number: G02B6/132 ,  C03B19/1453 ,  C03B2201/10 ,  C03B2201/28 ,  C03B2201/31 ,  G02B6/12009 ,  G02B2006/12038

    Abstract: An optical waveguide which can suppress adjacent crosstalk even when wavelength intervals to be multiplexed/demultiplexed are narrow. A lower clad film and a core film are deposited and formed on a substrate (11) by flame hydrolysis deposition, and they are consolidated, whereupon the core film is processed into a waveguide pattern. The waveguide pattern is formed by successively connecting at least one optical input waveguide (12), a first slab waveguide (13), an arrayed waveguide (14) consisting of a plurality of channel waveguides (14a) arranged side by side and having lengths different from one another, a second slab waveguide (15), and a plurality of light output waveguides (16) arranged side by side. The waveguides arranged side by side are at intervals from one another. An upper clad film covering the waveguide pattern is deposited and formed by flame hydrolysis deposition, and it is thereafter consolidated. Herein, a sintering rate in a temperature rise from a temperature at which the density change of the glass particles of the upper clad film starts, to a temperature at which the density change ends, is set at 1.0null C./min or below at the step of consolidating the upper clad film, whereby the arrayal aspect of the channel waveguides (14a) is brought close to an ideal aspect.

    Abstract translation: 即使要复用/解复用的波长间隔，也能够抑制相邻串扰的光波导窄。 通过火焰水解沉积将下包层膜和芯膜沉积并形成在基板（11）上，并将其固结，由此将芯膜加工成波导图案。 波导图案通过连续地连接至少一个光学输入波导（12），第一平板波导（13），由多个平行布置的多个通道波导（14a）组成并且具有不同长度的阵列波导（14） 彼此相邻的第二平板波导（15）和并排布置的多个光输出波导（16）。 并排布置的波导彼此间隔开。 通过火焰水解沉积沉积并形成覆盖波导图案的上包层膜，然后将其固结。 这里，从上包层膜的玻璃粒子的密度变化开始到密度变化结束的温度的温度升高的烧结速度设定为1.0℃/分以下， 固定上包层膜的步骤，由此使通道波导（14a）的阵列方面接近理想的方面。

    Rare earth element-doped multiple-core optical fiber, method for fabricating the same, and optical amplifier using the same
    174.
    发明授权
    Rare earth element-doped multiple-core optical fiber, method for fabricating the same, and optical amplifier using the same 失效
    稀土元素掺杂多芯光纤，其制造方法以及使用其的光放大器

    公开(公告)号：US5570448A

    公开(公告)日：1996-10-29

    申请号：US476445

    申请日：1995-06-07

    Applicant: Katsuyuki Imoto ,  Kazuo Koya

    Inventor： Katsuyuki Imoto ,  Kazuo Koya

    IPC: G02B6/04 ,  C03B37/012 ,  C03B37/028 ,  G02B6/00 ,  G02B6/02 ,  H01S3/06 ,  H01S3/067 ,  H01S3/07 ,  H01S3/10 ,  H01S3/17

    CPC classification number: C03B37/01222 ,  G02B6/02042 ,  H01S3/06708 ,  C03B2201/10 ,  C03B2201/28 ,  C03B2201/31 ,  C03B2201/36 ,  C03B2203/12 ,  C03B2203/29 ,  C03B2203/34 ,  H01S3/06729 ,  H01S3/06754

    Abstract: At least three elementary optical fibers are covered with a jacket layer. Each of the elementary optical fibers has a core of a first refractive index doped with at least one rare earth element and Al, and a cladding layer of a second refractive index lower than the first refractive index for covering the core. A value of (1+2t/Dw) is ranged to be 1.1 to 2.5, where t is a thickness of the cladding layer, and Dw is an outer diameter of the core, and a doping amount of Al is at least 1 weight %. The at least three elementary optical fibers are inserted into a jacket tube, and the elementary optical fibers and the jacket tube are heated to be welded at contact surfaces thereof by vacuum-drawing air from interstices of the elementary optical fibers and the jacket tube. Thus, a preform is obtained, and the preform is heated to be drawn. Consequently, a rare earth element-doped multiple-core optical fiber is fabricated. The rare earth element-doped multiple-core optical fiber is used to amplify a signal light to be propagated therethrough by receiving an excitation light.

    Abstract translation: 至少三个基本光纤被护套层覆盖。 每个基本光纤具有掺杂有至少一种稀土元素和Al的第一折射率的芯和具有低于用于覆盖芯的第一折射率的第二折射率的包层。 （1 + 2t / Dw）的值为1.1〜2.5，其中t为包层的厚度，Dw为芯的外径，Al的掺杂量为1重量％以上， 。 将至少三个基本光纤插入护套管中，并且通过从基本光纤和护套管的间隙抽真空来加热基本光纤和套管，以在其接触表面处焊接基本光纤和护套。 因此，获得预制件，并将预成型件加热以拉伸。 因此，制造了稀土元素掺杂多芯光纤。 稀土元素掺杂多芯光纤用于通过接收激发光来放大要传播的信号光。

    Method of forming an optical fiber preform
    178.
    发明授权
    Method of forming an optical fiber preform 失效
    形成光纤预制棒的方法

    公开(公告)号：US4749396A

    公开(公告)日：1988-06-07

    申请号：US695063

    申请日：1985-01-25

    Applicant: John W. Hicks, Jr.

    Inventor： John W. Hicks, Jr.

    IPC: C03B8/04 ,  C03B37/012 ,  C03B37/014 ,  C03B37/018 ,  C03B37/027 ,  C03C25/02 ,  C03B19/09

    CPC classification number: C03B37/01211 ,  C03B37/01473 ,  C03B37/01861 ,  C03B37/027 ,  C03B2201/08 ,  C03B2201/28 ,  C03B2201/31

    Abstract: An improved method of forming an optical fiber preform includes separately forming a rod-like inner member and a hollow tube-like outer member by a soot glass deposition technique. The inner member is inserted into the outer member, while they are both in their unconsolidated state, and the asssembled parts heated to cause the outer member to collapse about the inner member and form a preform. The resulting preform can be drawn in one or more stages to provide an optical fiber having sharp step change in its index of refraction between the core and the cladding, a superior quality core to cladding interface, and improved optical transmission qualities. The inner and outer members can, if desired, be partially consolidated but for an unconsolidated layer at their interface prior to heating the outer member to cause it to join with the inner member. In accordance with one feature of the present invention, an unconsolidated layer can be left on the outside surface of the outer member to provide a resulting fiber having superior mechanical handling characteristics.

    Abstract translation: 一种改进的形成光纤预制件的方法包括通过烟灰玻璃沉积技术单独形成棒状内部构件和中空管状外部构件。 内部构件被插入到外部构件中，同时它们处于未松开的状态，并且组装的部件被加热以使外部构件围绕内部构件塌陷并形成预制件。 所得到的预成型件可以在一个或多个阶段中拉伸，以提供其在芯和包层之间的折射率具有尖锐的阶跃变化的光纤，优质的芯到包层界面的质量和改善的光传输质量。 如果需要，内部和外部构件可以在加热外部构件之前被部分固结，但是在其界面处的未固结的层，以使其与内部构件接合。 根据本发明的一个特征，可以在外部构件的外表面上留下未固结的层，以提供具有优异的机械处理特性的所得纤维。

    Fabrication of optical preforms by axial chemical vapor deposition
    179.
    发明授权
    Fabrication of optical preforms by axial chemical vapor deposition 失效
    通过轴向化学气相沉积制造光学预型件

    公开(公告)号：US4440558A

    公开(公告)日：1984-04-03

    申请号：US387983

    申请日：1982-06-14

    Applicant: Dilip K. Nath ,  Pablo C. Pureza ,  Shin M. Oh

    Inventor： Dilip K. Nath ,  Pablo C. Pureza ,  Shin M. Oh

    IPC: C03B37/018 ,  C03B8/04 ,  C03B37/014 ,  G02B6/00 ,  C03B19/06 ,  C03B37/025

    CPC classification number: C03B37/01426 ,  C03B2201/08 ,  C03B2201/28 ,  C03B2201/31 ,  C03B2201/40 ,  C03B2201/42 ,  Y10S65/16

    Abstract: Hydroxyl free deposition with high efficiency and at a high deposition rate may be achieved, even with use of relatively inexpensive raw materials, by utilizing a ring-shaped plasma activated axial chemical vapor deposition obtaining 100% chemical conversion and fractional volatilization of impurities. The plasma is induced in an annular stream of a plasma-forming gaseous medium, and the reactant or reactants used in the axial chemical vapor deposition are introduced into the center of the ring-shaped plasma to be converted by the heat of the plasma flame into soot which is deposited on a bait. An annular stream of a cooling medium flows outwardly past the plasma flame and is circumferentially centered by an extension of the outer tubular element of a plasma torch in which the plasma is generated. An RF generator which induces the plasma is operated at a frequency exceeding 20 MHz to give the plasma flame the desired ring-sloped configuration.

    Abstract translation: 通过利用环状等离子体激活的轴向化学气相沉积获得100％的化学转化和杂质的分级挥发，即使使用相对便宜的原料，也可以实现高效率和高沉积速率的无羟基沉积。 在等离子体形成的气体介质的环形流中诱导等离子体，并且将用于轴向化学气相沉积的反应物引入环形等离子体的中心，以通过等离子体火焰的热量转化为 沉积在诱饵上的烟灰。 冷却介质的环形流向外流过等离子体火焰，并且由其中产生等离子体的等离子体焰炬的外部管状元件的延伸部周向居中。 诱导等离子体的RF发生器以超过20MHz的频率运行，以使等离子体火焰成为期望的环形倾斜结构。

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