Abstract:
A semiconductor device includes a semiconductor substrate having a first dopant and a second dopant. A covalent atomic radius of a material of the semiconductor substrate is i) larger than a covalent atomic radius of the first dopant and smaller than a covalent atomic radius of the second dopant, or ii) smaller than the covalent atomic radius of the first dopant and larger than the covalent atomic radius of the second dopant. The semiconductor device further includes a semiconductor layer on the semiconductor substrate and semiconductor device elements in the semiconductor layer. A vertical concentration profile of the first dopant decreases along at least 80% of a distance between an interface of the semiconductor substrate and the semiconductor layer to a surface of the semiconductor substrate opposite to the interface.
Abstract:
A sensor and methods of making a sensor are disclosed. The sensor may include a substrate, an optical source, an optical detector, a plurality of optical cavities in the substrate or in a layer structure over the substrate, where the plurality of optical cavities may be arranged in an optical path between the optical source and the optical detector, and a processing circuit coupled to the optical detector and configured to receive a signal representing an optical signal received by the optical detector.
Abstract:
A semiconductor arrangement is produced by providing a semiconductor carrier of a second conduction type and epitaxially growing a first semiconductor zone of a first conduction type on the carrier. The first semiconductor zone includes a semiconductor base material doped with first and second dopants which are made of different substances which are both different from the semiconductor base material. The first dopant is electrically active and causes a doping of the first conduction type in the semiconductor base material, and causes a decrease or an increase of a lattice constant of the first semiconductor zone. The second dopant causes one or both of hardening of the first semiconductor zone and an increase of the lattice constant of the first semiconductor zone if the first dopant causes a decrease, or a decrease of the lattice constant of the first semiconductor zone if the first dopant causes an increase.
Abstract:
A sensor system having a multi-pass interaction region is disclosed. The system includes an input region, a multi-pass region, and an output region. The input region is configured to receive emitted light. The multi-pass region is coupled to the input region and is configured to absorb portions of the emitted light according to a specimen proximate the multi-pass region. The output region is coupled to the multi-pass region and is configured to provide interacted light from the multi-pass region.
Abstract:
Chalcogen atoms are implanted into a single crystalline semiconductor substrate. At a density of interstitial oxygen of at least 5E16 cm−3 thermal donors containing oxygen are generated at crystal defects in the semiconductor substrate. Then the semiconductor substrate is heated up to a temperature above a deactivation temperature at which the thermal donors become inactive, wherein a portion of electrically active chalcogen atoms is increased.