Abstract:
A method and apparatus of determining peak positions in a spectrum of data includes providing a spectrum of energy to a sample and measuring the spectrum of energy after contact with the sample to provide a range of spectrum data representative of the sample. The spectrum data is then subjected to a differential calculus operation of an even number to provide a differential spectrum data. The spectrum data and differential spectrum data are combined whereby the characteristics of the components in the sample are enhanced. The combined data is then analyzed so that the components in the sample can be identified.
Abstract:
A particle-size distribution measuring apparatus and method is provided for suspending a sample containing particles in a fluid and introducing the suspended particles into a sample cell. The sample cell is illuminated with light from a laser source and the diffracted light from the particles is measured by an optical detector array. A computer circuit is capable of computing a plurality of graphs of particle-size distribution in repetitive measurement over a predetermined time period. A video display discloses the plurality of graphs in a juxtapositioned arrangement or stacked arrangement to enable the observer to distinguish between any variations in adjacent graphs.
Abstract:
An optical system for a microscopic spectrometer includes an objective, an inverse placed telescope for relaying the image formed by the objective towards a detecting element, and an optical element for focusing the relayed image onto the detecting element. In the preferred embodiments, the inverse placed telescope is disposed after the image plane of a Cassegrain objective, and a paraboloid mirror collects the relayed light from the inverse placed telescope to be focused into an image on the detecting element. The inverse placed telescope has a smaller shading coefficient than the Cassegrain objective, and the size of the image of the pupil of the Cassegrain objective is smaller than the diameter of the secondary mirror of the inverse placed telescope. The image of the shaded diameter in the preferred embodiment, which is caused by the secondary mirror of the Cassegrain objective, is greater than the shading diameter caused by the inverse placed telescope itself.
Abstract:
A measurement unit used in an analyzing apparatus for measuring concentrations of component gases in a sample gas comprises a light emitting unit configured to emit a measurement light to the sample gas, a light receiving unit configured to receive the measurement light on a light receiving plane, a purge air introducing unit configured to introduce a purge air into a vicinity of at least one of the light emitting unit and the light receiving unit, and a condensing lens arranged in an optical path of the measurement light from the light emitting unit to the light receiving unit, the condensing lens being configured to condense the measurement light within the light receiving plane of the light receiving unit, a propagation path of the measurement light being varied by a thermal lens effect caused by a temperature difference between the sample gas and the purge air.
Abstract:
In situ monitoring of a degradation level of refined oil during use is provided. An excitation light irradiation unit varies intensity of excitation light to irradiate the excitation light onto the refined oil with a resulting fluorescence. A fluorescence intensity detection unit detects the intensity of fluorescence generated by the irradiation of the excitation light, and a time lag characteristic calculation unit calculates a time lag characteristic of a fluorescence intensity variation with respect to the intensity variation of the excitation light. A degradation index value acquisition unit provides to a predetermined correlation between a degradation index value indicating a degradation level of the refined oil and the time lag characteristic is used to acquire a degradation index value from a time lag characteristic calculated in the time lag characteristic calculation unit to determine the current degradation status of the oil.
Abstract:
Provided is an optical analyzer which can promote enhancement of measurement sensitivity, cost reduction, size reduction, structural flexibility, disturbance resistance, and the like, at the same time. A laser device to be used in such optical analyzer is also provided. An optical analyzer comprises a laser light source (2); a wavelength selection element (3) for selecting and leading out light having a wavelength substantially equal to the absorption wavelength of an analysis object from among light outputted from the laser light source (2); an optical detection means (5) for detecting the intensity of light red out from the wavelength selection element (3); and a drive current control means (6) for increasing or decreasing the drive current of the laser light source (2) near a specified current value thereof for outputting light of the absorption wavelength, and setting the drive current at such a current value as the intensity of light detected by the optical detection means (5) has a peak value. The laser light source (2), the wavelength selection element (3), and the optical detection means (5) are mounted on a single substrate (11) which can regulate the temperature to a constant level.
Abstract:
A wavelength-scanning mechanism for a spectrometer utilizes an eccentric disc cam driven by a pulse motor to pivot a diffraction grating with a contact bar fixed thereto. A light source supplies light to the mechanism with a first concave spherical mirror reflecting light to the diffraction grating and reflecting light reflected by the diffraction grating to a zero-order light detector. A second concave spherical mirror reflects light diffracted by the diffraction grating to a diffracted light detector. A controller receives information from the light detectors and controls the pulse motor. At least one cam follower is mounted on the cam at a position eccentric from the rotational axis thereof and slidably contacts the contact bar. Alternatively, the diffraction grating has two contact bars fixed thereto, and the cam follower is pivoted between the contact bars. A method of utilizing the mechanism first determines a center value of zero-order light reflected by the diffraction grating by pivoting the diffraction grating in steps between the time zero-order light is detected until it is no longer detected. The number of steps is divided by two, which yields the center value. Diffracted light is detected at the center value, and the spectral intensity of the detected diffracted light is calculated.
Abstract:
An infrared microscope spectrometer is used to carry out attenuated total reflection (ATR) analysis of a sample. Either the collecting element assembly or focusing element assembly is mounted for selected movement with respect to the other so as to permit alignment of the output beam from the focusing assembly with the optical axis of the spectrometer, whenever an ATR crystal with sample is placed between the collecting and focusing assemblies.
Abstract:
A swinging member multibeam interferometer for use in a Fourier Transform spectrometer has a pair of mirrors mounted on the swinging member in spaced-apart opposition with the planes of the mirrors being at right angles to the plane of the swinging member. The mirrors may be flat and parallel, flat and skewed with respect to each other, or chevron-shaped with the ends being closer than the middle or the ends being further apart than the middle. A beam splitter directs a reflected beam to one of the pair of mirrors and a transmitted beam to the other of the pair of mirrors. A pair of fixed mirrors reflect both the reflected beam and the transmitted beam back to the mirror pair and a detector. The swinging member is controllably moved by a driving device having a lever connected to a shaft with a piezoelectric ceramic pile supporting said shaft. Contracting and expanding the piezoelectric ceramic pile by electrically energizing means moves the lever and the shaft which is connected to the swinging member.