Abstract:
A gas chromatographic method for detecting a marker compound in a fuel by (a) introducing a sample of fuel into a first capillary column coated with a stationary phase based on polydimethylsiloxane and allowing the sample to flow through the first column to produce a first effluent; (b) allowing the first effluent to pass through a detector and identifying a retention time range in it which includes a retention time of the marker compound; (c) introducing only a portion of the first effluent stream which is within the retention time range into a second capillary column coated with either (i) an ionic sorbent or (ii) a polyethylene glycol, and allowing said portion to flow through the second capillary column to produce a second effluent stream; and (d) allowing the second effluent to pass through a detector; wherein the marker compound has formula Ar(R2)m(OR1)n and is present in the fuel at a level from 0.01 ppm to 100 ppm.
Abstract:
A method for detecting mentholated tobacco, comprising irradiating tobacco containing menthol and a fluorescent taggant with radiation and observing the tobacco for fluorescence from the taggant. A system and method for detecting and separating mentholated tobacco from non-mentholated tobacco within a product stream is also provided.
Abstract:
A method for marking a petroleum hydrocarbon or a liquid biologically derived fuel by adding to the petroleum hydrocarbon or liquid biologically derived fuel at least one compound having formula Ar(R2)m(OR1)n, wherein Ar is an aromatic ring system having from six to twenty carbon atoms, R1 is C1-C12 alkyl or C2-C12 alkenyl, R2 is C1-C12 alkyl or C3-C12 alkenyl, m is an integer from zero to five and n is an integer from one to three; wherein each compound of formula Ar(R2)m(OR1)n is present at a level from 0.01 ppm to 100 ppm.
Abstract:
A compound having formula (I), wherein G1 represents a C4-C22 alkyl or alkenyl group, a C8-C20 aralkyl group or formula (II) wherein G3 is a difunctional C2-C18 alkyl or alkenyl group, a difunctional C6-C20 aryl group or G3 is absent; provided that G1 is not 2-butyl, n-hexyl, n-octyl, n-dodecyl, n-hexadecyl or 2-phenylethyl.
Abstract:
Provided is a method of identifying authenticity of oil by reacting oil marked by a Oil Marker Composition with a developer to develop a color and then measuring absorbance. According to the present invention, an oil maker capable of quantitatively and qualitatively measuring authenticity of oil due to a rapid reaction rate, excellent reproducibility, and distinct color development that may be observed by the naked eyes, and a method of identifying oil using the same.
Abstract:
The safety and proper performance of jet aircraft engines requires that any contamination of jet fuel, for example by water or by improper contaminants, be filtered (removed) before delivery of the fuel, through hoses, to the fuel tanks of the aircraft. Coalescing devices and filters in the fuel delivery system are used to attain this result. A typical problem is that filter materials chemically react with surfactants, and this causes the filter subsequently to “disarm” or fail to perform its function of removing water, which can lead to delivery of fuel containing excessive water. A solution to this problem is to pre-test the fuel for such surfactants by feeding a small fuel sample that has been mixed with “challenge water” through a smaller ‘representative’ test filter and monitor the performance. Using a fluorescent dye in the “challenge water,” the amount of water that passes the test filter is detected, compared with a baseline data and fuel quality determination is made. From the result of the small-scale test, the fuel condition can be inferred and, based thereon; action can be taken to treat the fuel, prior to further distribution, such that it will not disarm field filter-coalescers in a typical fuel distribution system. The use of a fluorescent dye enhances the ability to make this determination of very small representative fuel filters. The fuel evaluation process is fully automated, thereby avoiding human-factor variables and assuring repeatable results.
Abstract:
Method of marking a hydrocarbon liquid includes: adding thereto, a tracer compound of Formula I:wherein,each A is independently selected from the group consisting of (i) a phenyl group, (ii) a phenyl group substituted with one or more halogen atoms, an aliphatic group or a halogenated aliphatic group, (iii) a partially or fully halogenated alkyl group or (iv) a linear branched or cyclic C1-C20 alkyl group, and each B is independently selected from the group consisting of a (i) phenyl, (ii) phenylmethyl group, (iii) a cyclohexyl group, (iv) a cyclohexylmethyl group, (v) a substituted phenyl or phenylmethyl group in which the benzene ring is substituted by at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of a fluorine atom, a partially or fully halogenated alkyl group and a linear, branched or cyclic C1-C20 alkyl group or (vi) a linear, branched or cyclic C1-C20 alkyl group.
Abstract:
The present invention provides highly fluorescent markers, made from a reactive polymer and an isocyanate, that fluoresce in the ultraviolet or near infrared region without being visible to the human eye at low concentrations in the fluid or article being marked. The molecular weight and fluorescence emission wavelength of these highly fluorescent marker compounds can be adjusted to provide a multitude of markers with unique fluorescence signatures.
Abstract:
Method of marking a hydrocarbon liquid includes adding to the liquid, a tracer compound of Formula I or II: wherein at least one of R1-R6 in Formula I and at least one of R7-R14 in Formula II is selected from: i. a bromine or fluorine atom; ii. a partially or fully halogenated alkyl group; iii. a branched or cyclic C4-C20 alkyl group; iv. an aliphatic substituent linking two positions selected from R1-R6 in Formula I to one another or two positions selected from R7-R14 in Formula II to one another; or v. a phenyl group substituted with a halogen atom, an aliphatic group or halogenated aliphatic group and none of R1-R6 and none of R7-R14 being a sulphonate group or COOR15, where R15 represents H, C1-C20 alkyl, C2-C20 alkenyl, C2-C20 alkynyl, C3-C15 cycloalkyl or aryl.
Abstract:
The present invention provides highly fluorescent markers, made from a reactive polymer and an isocyanate, that fluoresce in the ultraviolet or near infrared region without being visible to the human eye at low concentrations in the fluid or article being marked. The molecular weight and fluorescence emission wavelength of these highly fluorescent marker compounds can be adjusted to provide a multitude of markers with unique fluorescence signatures.