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    Photosensitive redox solutions
    11.
    发明授权
    Photosensitive redox solutions 失效
    光敏氧化还原溶液

    公开(公告)号：US4173521A

    公开(公告)日：1979-11-06

    申请号：US196804

    申请日：1971-11-08

    Applicant: Robert C. Wade

    Inventor： Robert C. Wade

    IPC: C07F5/04 ,  D06L4/30 ,  D06M11/20 ,  D06M11/82 ,  D06M13/184 ,  D06M13/192 ,  D06M13/342 ,  D06M13/503 ,  D06M13/51 ,  D06M15/333 ,  D06P1/22 ,  G03C1/705 ,  G03C1/73 ,  B01J1/10 ,  B01J31/12

    CPC classification number: C07F5/04 ,  D06L3/10 ,  D06M11/20 ,  D06M11/82 ,  D06M13/184 ,  D06M13/192 ,  D06M13/342 ,  D06M13/503 ,  D06M13/51 ,  D06M15/333 ,  D06P1/221 ,  G03C1/705 ,  G03C1/73 ,  Y10S204/909 ,  Y10S502/522

    Abstract: The invention provides aqueous solutions of (1) the reaction product of anhydrous trimethyl borate with titanium tetrachloride and (2) polyvinyl alcohol, preferably not exceeding about 0.5 weight percent of each. These solutions have a pH of about 1 but when ammonium hydroxide is added the pH may be raised to about 10 without precipitation of titanium or gelation of the polyvinyl alcohol.When the pH of the above solutions is adjusted to between about 2 and about 10, the solutions are photosensitive. When these solutions are in a confined zone, sunlight or actinic radiation in the range between ultraviolet light and the lower wavelengths of the visible spectrum causes oxygen from the air above the solutions to be consumed until it is all gone. Then, reduction of the colorless dissolved Ti(IV) compound to the dark blue Ti(III) state occurs without precipitation of the Ti(III) product or reoxidation to Ti(IV). The blue Ti(III) solution is quickly reoxidized by reexposure to air. Similar photosensitive solutions are formed with polyvinyl alcohol and other Ti(IV) compounds, such as (1) the tetravalent titanium compound conforming substantially to the formula Cl.sub.2 Ti(OR).sub.2 where R is H, CH.sub.3, C.sub.2, H.sub.5, C.sub.3 H.sub.7 or C.sub.4 H.sub.9 ; (2) titanyl sulfate, and (3) titanyl chloride. The polyvinyl alcohol may be replaced by other complexing agents, such as N-hydroxyethylenediaminetriacetic acid, diethanolglycine, glucoheptanoic acid, arabonic acid, glusonic acid, galactonic acid, saccharic acid, mucic acid, and the sodium and ammonium salts of these compounds.

    Abstract translation: 本发明提供（1）无水三甲基硼酸盐与四氯化钛的反应产物和（2）聚乙烯醇的水溶液，优选不超过其重量的约0.5％重量。 这些溶液的pH值约为1，但当添加氢氧化铵时，可以将pH升高至约10，而不会沉淀钛或聚乙烯醇的凝胶化。 当将上述溶液的pH调节至约2至约10时，溶液是光敏的。 当这些溶液处于限制区域时，紫外光和可见光谱的较低波长范围内的太阳光或光化辐射会使来自溶液上方的空气的氧气被消耗，直到其全部消失。 然后，将无色溶解的Ti（IV）化合物还原成深蓝色Ti（III）状态，而不会使Ti（III）产物沉淀或再次氧化成Ti（IV）。 蓝色Ti（III）溶液通过再次暴露于空气中迅速再氧化。 类似的感光溶液由聚乙烯醇和其它Ti（IV）化合物形成，例如（1）基本上符合式Cl2Ti（OR）2的四价钛化合物，其中R是H，CH 3，C 2，H 5，C 3 H 7或C 4 H 9; （2）硫酸氧钛，和（3）二氯氧化钛。 聚乙烯醇可以被其它络合剂如N-羟基乙二胺三乙酸，二乙醇甘氨酸，葡庚糖酸，阿拉伯糖酸，糠酸，半乳糖酸，糖酸，粘酸，以及这些化合物的钠盐和铵盐代替。

    Laser photochemical separation of hydrogen isotopes
    12.
    发明授权
    Laser photochemical separation of hydrogen isotopes 失效
    激光光化学分离氢同位素

    公开(公告)号：US4171251A

    公开(公告)日：1979-10-16

    申请号：US856720

    申请日：1977-12-01

    Applicant: Michael C. Fowler

    Inventor： Michael C. Fowler

    IPC: B01D59/34 ,  C01B4/00 ,  C01B5/02 ,  B01J1/10

    CPC classification number: B01D59/34 ,  C01B4/00 ,  C01B5/02

    Abstract: A method of separating isotopes of hydrogen utilizing isotopically selective photodissociation of organic acid is disclosed. Specifically acetic or formic acid containing compounds of deuterated and hydrogenated acid is irradiated by radiation having a wavelength in the infrared spectrum between 9.2 to 10.8 microns to produce deuterium hydroxide and deuterium hydride respectively. Maintaining the acid at an elevated temperature significantly improves the yield of isotope separation.

    Abstract translation: 公开了利用有机酸的同位素选择性光解作用分离氢的同位素的方法。 具体地说，含氘代和氢化酸的含有乙酸或甲酸的化合物的辐射是在红外光谱波长为9.2至10.8微米的辐射下分别产生氢氧化氘和氢氧化氘。 在升高的温度下保持酸显着提高了同位素分离的产率。

    Method of energizing a material
    13.
    发明授权
    Method of energizing a material 失效
    激励材料的方法

    公开(公告)号：US4161436A

    公开(公告)日：1979-07-17

    申请号：US840050

    申请日：1977-10-06

    Applicant: Gordon Gould

    Inventor： Gordon Gould

    IPC: B01J19/12 ,  H01S3/091 ,  B01J1/10

    CPC classification number: H01S3/091 ,  B01J19/121

    Abstract: This application discloses light amplifier apparatus and uses for the same. A light amplifier apparatus is disclosed in which population inversion is created by optical pumping. Another light amplifier apparatus is disclosed in which population inversion is produced by collisions with other particles. Uses for light amplifiers are taught including heating of material which includes evaporation of the same, distance measuring, communication systems, television, and certain industrial applications. This application also teaches the use of optical elements at Brewster's angle for the purpose of polarization and reducing losses in passing a light beam along a path.

    Abstract translation: 本申请公开了一种光放大器装置及其用途。 公开了一种光放大装置，其中通过光泵浦产生群体反转。 公开了另一种光放大器装置，其中通过与其它颗粒碰撞来产生群体反转。 教导了用于光放大器的用途，包括加热包括其蒸发，测距，通信系统，电视和某些工业应用的材料。 该应用还教导了以布鲁斯特角为基础的光学元件的使用，以减少偏振，并减少沿光路沿着路径的损失。

    Isotope separation process
    14.
    发明授权
    Isotope separation process 失效
    同位素分离过程

    公开(公告)号：US4158615A

    公开(公告)日：1979-06-19

    申请号：US796031

    申请日：1977-05-11

    Applicant: Richard K. Lyon

    Inventor： Richard K. Lyon

    IPC: B01D59/34 ,  G02B27/00 ,  B01J1/10

    CPC classification number: B01D59/34

    Abstract: The instant invention relates to a process for separating a material into two or more parts in each of which the abundances of the isotopes of a given element differ from the abundances of the isotopes of the same material in said material. More particularly, the invention relates to a method for the isotopically selective excitation of gas phase molecules by multiple infrared photon absorption after which more of the excited molecules than nonexcited molecules are converted to a chemically different form which may be separated by means known in the art. This invention is useful for, but not limited to, the separation of the principal isotopes of uranium.

    Abstract translation: 本发明涉及将材料分离成两个或更多个部分的方法，其中每个部分中给定元素的同位素的丰度与所述材料中相同材料的同位素的丰度不同。 更具体地说，本发明涉及通过多重红外光子吸收对气相分子进行同位素选择性激发的方法，其中比非激发分子更多的激发分子被转化成化学上不同的形式，其可以通过本领域已知的方法分离 。 本发明对于但不限于分离铀的主要同位素是有用的。

    Polythiol accelerated radiation crosslinking of olefinically unsaturated polymers
    16.
    发明授权
    Polythiol accelerated radiation crosslinking of olefinically unsaturated polymers 失效
    聚硫醇加速烯属不饱和聚合物的辐射交联

    公开(公告)号：US4144154A

    公开(公告)日：1979-03-13

    申请号：US913821

    申请日：1978-06-08

    Applicant: Robert L. Zapp ,  Alexis A. Oswald

    Inventor： Robert L. Zapp ,  Alexis A. Oswald

    IPC: B29C35/08 ,  B29C71/04 ,  C08G75/04 ,  C08G75/14 ,  C08K5/372 ,  B01J1/10 ,  B01J1/12

    CPC classification number: C08K5/372 ,  B29C71/04 ,  C08G75/045 ,  C08G75/14 ,  C08K5/09 ,  C08K5/37 ,  B29C35/0866 ,  B29K2021/00

    Abstract: Improved radiation vulcanization of elastomers is accomplished by incorporating into the elastomer composition a polythiol, bivalent metal oxide and an aliphatic acid. The polythiol is preferably a hydrocarbon thioether thiol and is normally liquid at room temperature with a molecular weight of at least 150, said metal oxide is preferably zinc oxide and said acid is preferably stearic acid; alternatively, the reaction product of said metal oxide and acid can be used e.g., zinc stearate at appropriately increased concentration.

    Abstract translation: 通过将高硫醇，二价金属氧化物和脂肪酸掺入到弹性体组合物中来实现弹性体的改进的辐射硫化。 多硫醇优选为烃硫醚硫醇，并且在室温下通常为液体，分子量至少为150，所述金属氧化物优选为氧化锌，所述酸优选为硬脂酸; 或者，所述金属氧化物和酸的反应产物可以例如以适当增加的浓度使用例如硬脂酸锌。

    Method for obtaining carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and for production of fuels
    17.
    发明授权
    Method for obtaining carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and for production of fuels 失效
    从大气中获得二氧化碳和生产燃料的方法

    公开(公告)号：US4140602A

    公开(公告)日：1979-02-20

    申请号：US671945

    申请日：1976-03-30

    Applicant: John G. Lewis ,  Alfred J. Martin

    Inventor： John G. Lewis ,  Alfred J. Martin

    IPC: C01B3/04 ,  C07C29/00 ,  C07C29/149 ,  C10L3/06 ,  B01J1/10 ,  C01F5/24 ,  C07C5/02 ,  C07C29/16

    CPC classification number: C07C29/149 ,  C01B3/042 ,  C07C29/00 ,  C07C29/136 ,  C10L3/06 ,  Y02E60/364 ,  Y10S585/943

    Abstract: The invention disclosed provides a new improved chemical method for combustible fuel production by converting carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to a carbonate following which the recovered carbonate is combined with hydrogen gas to produce combustible fuels e.g. methane and methanol. The present method provides means for fuel generation and may advantageously use heat and radiation energy derived from nuclear reactors.This application implies certain environmental advantages, in that burning of fuels containing carbon derived only from atmospheric CO.sub.2 would not add to the CO.sub.2 content of the atmosphere. Recycling of lime as CaO or Ca(OH).sub.2 would eliminate the problem of disposing of those materials as encountered by others teaching use of carbonates but not using such a closed cycle.

    Abstract translation: 所公开的发明提供了一种通过将大气中的二氧化碳转化为碳酸盐的可燃燃料生产的新的改进的化学方法，随后将回收的碳酸盐与氢气结合以产生可燃燃料，例如， 甲烷和甲醇。 本方法提供用于燃料产生的装置，并且可以有利地使用从核反应堆获得的热和辐射能量。

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