公开(公告)号：US6063138A

公开(公告)日：2000-05-16

申请号：US765540

申请日：1997-02-19

Applicant: Mazen Hanna ,  Peter York

Inventor： Mazen Hanna ,  Peter York

IPC: A61K9/16 ,  B01J2/04 ,  B01J3/00 ,  B01D9/02

CPC classification number: A61K9/1688 ,  B01D11/0407 ,  B01D11/0411 ,  B01J2/04 ,  B01J3/008 ,  B01J3/02 ,  Y02P20/544

Abstract: The invention provides a method for forming particles of a substance, by co-introducing into a particle formation vessel, in which the temperature and pressure are controlled, of a supercritical fluid; a solution or suspension of the substance in a first vehicle; and a second vehicle which is both substantially miscible with the first vehicle and substantially soluble in the supercritical fluid, in such a way that dispersion of the solution or suspension and the second vehicle, and extraction of the vehicles, occur substantially simultaneously and substantially immediately on introduction of the fluids into the vessel, by the action of the supercritical fluid. Preferably the solution/suspension of the substance is introduced separately from the second vehicle, in such a way that contact between the solution/suspension and the second vehicle occurs either substantially simultaneously with, or immediately before, their dispersion by the supercritical fluid and extraction of the vehicles by the supercritical fluid. The method allows a high degree of control over the size, shape, crystalline form and other physico-chemical properties of the particulate product The invention also provides apparatus for carrying out such a method, using a coaxial nozzle to introduce the fluids into the particle formation vessel, and a particulate product made using the method or the apparatus.

Abstract translation: PCT No.PCT / GB95 / 01523 Sec。 371日期1997年2月19日 102（e）日期1997年2月19日PCT提交1995年6月30日PCT公布。 出版物WO96 / 00610 日本1996年1月11日本发明提供了一种通过将超临界流体共同引入其中控制温度和压力的颗粒形成容器中来形成物质颗粒的方法; 该物质在第一种载体中的溶液或悬浮液; 以及第二种载体，其基本上与第一种载体混溶并且基本上可溶于超临界流体，使得溶液或悬浮液和第二载体的分散和载体的萃取基本上同时且基本上立即出现在 通过超临界流体的作用将流体引入容器。 优选地，物质的溶液/悬浮液与第二载体分开引入，使得溶液/悬浮液和第二载体之间的接触基本上与超临界流体分散或同时或之前由超临界流体分散出来， 车辆由超临界流体。 该方法允许对颗粒产品的尺寸，形状，结晶形式和其它物理化学性质的高度控制。本发明还提供了用于执行这种方法的装置，其使用同轴喷嘴将流体引入颗粒形成 容器和使用该方法或装置制成的颗粒产品。

公开(公告)号：US6054103A

公开(公告)日：2000-04-25

申请号：US882707

申请日：1997-06-25

Applicant: Frederick S. Mandel

Inventor： Frederick S. Mandel

IPC: B01F7/00 ,  B01F7/24 ,  B01F15/00 ,  B01F15/06 ,  B01J3/00 ,  B01J19/20 ,  B01J19/26 ,  F28D1/06 ,  B01J8/10 ,  F28D21/00

CPC classification number: B01J19/26 ,  B01F15/065 ,  B01F7/246 ,  B01J19/20 ,  B01J3/008 ,  F28D1/06 ,  B01F15/00883 ,  B01F2003/0064 ,  B01F7/00441 ,  B01J2219/00029 ,  B01J2219/00054 ,  B01J2219/00069 ,  B01J2219/00083 ,  B01J2219/0009 ,  B01J2219/00135 ,  B01J2219/00162 ,  Y02P20/544

Abstract: A mixing vessel for a process using supercritical process media, the vessel including an agitator for mixing a batch of materials and a process media in a supercritical state in the vessel to produce a reaction mixture based on a selectable reaction process; and heat transfer system for controlling temperature of the reaction mixture, the heat transfer system comprising a liner that generally conforms to an interior surface geometry of the vessel, with the liner comprising a high thermal conductivity material; the liner comprising an interior heat transfer surface in thermal exchange with the reaction mixture, and a plurality of fluid channels; heat transfer fluid that circulates through the channels and in thermal exchange with the heat transfer surface; and a heat transfer fluid supply exterior the pressure vessel for circulating the heat transfer fluid through the channels.

Abstract translation: 一种用于使用超临界过程介质的方法的混合容器，所述容器包括用于混合一批材料的搅拌器和在所述容器中的超临界状态的处理介质，以基于可选择的反应过程产生反应混合物; 以及用于控制反应混合物的温度的传热系统，所述传热系统包括通常符合容器的内表面几何形状的衬套，衬垫包括高导热性材料; 所述衬里包括与所述反应混合物热交换的内部传热表面和多个流体通道; 传热流体通过通道循环并与传热表面热交换; 以及用于使传热流体循环通过通道的压力容器外部的传热流体供应源。

公开(公告)号：US6054057A

公开(公告)日：2000-04-25

申请号：US938899

申请日：1997-09-26

Applicant: David A. Hazlebeck ,  Kevin W. Downey ,  Michael H. Spritzer

Inventor： David A. Hazlebeck ,  Kevin W. Downey ,  Michael H. Spritzer

IPC: B09B3/00 ,  B01J3/00 ,  B01J3/04 ,  B01J8/00 ,  B01J19/02 ,  B01J19/24 ,  B01J19/26 ,  C02F1/02 ,  C02F1/72 ,  C02F1/74 ,  C02F11/08 ,  C02F1/68 ,  A61B1/30

CPC classification number: B01J3/046 ,  B01J19/02 ,  B01J19/26 ,  B01J3/008 ,  C02F11/086 ,  B01J2219/00103 ,  B01J2219/00155 ,  B01J2219/00159 ,  B01J2219/00162

Abstract: A system and method for treatment of a feed material includes a reactor chamber in a reactor vessel. The reactor vessel has a longitudinal axis which is vertically oriented so that gravitational forces act generally in a direction along the axis between a top and a bottom of the vessel. A feed material is introduced by a nozzle into the reactor chamber as a jet stream through the top end of the vessel. This jet stream causes back-mixing in the reactor chamber, contributing to rapid initiation of reaction and general down flow of material through the reactor chamber. The material in the reactor chamber can be quenched to dissolve sticky solids in the effluent before the effluent is discharged from the lower end of the vessel. Further, the reactor vessel can include a plug flow section to carry out additional reaction of the feed material.

Abstract translation: 用于处理进料的系统和方法包括在反应器容器中的反应室。 反应器容器具有垂直取向的纵向轴线，使得重力通常沿着容器顶部和底部之间的轴线的方向起作用。 通过喷嘴将进料材料作为喷射流通过容器的顶端引入反应器室。 该喷射流在反应器室中引起反混合，有助于反应室的快速启动和材料通过反应器室的一般向下流动。 在流出物从容器的下端排出之前，可以将反应器室中的材料淬火以溶解流出物中的粘性固体。 此外，反应器容器可以包括用于进行进料的附加反应的活塞流动部分。

公开(公告)号：US6025459A

公开(公告)日：2000-02-15

申请号：US800286

申请日：1997-02-12

Applicant: Joseph DeSimone ,  Ramone Givens ,  Yizeng Ni

Inventor： Joseph DeSimone ,  Ramone Givens ,  Yizeng Ni

IPC: B01J3/00 ,  C08G69/04 ,  C08G69/16 ,  C08G69/28 ,  C08G69/00

CPC classification number: C08G69/04 ,  B01J3/008 ,  C08G69/16 ,  C08G69/28 ,  Y02P20/544

Abstract: A method of forming a polyamide from a corresponding nylon salt material comprises providing a reaction mixture comprising a nylon salt and carbon dioxide; and then condensing the nylon salt in the carbon dioxide to form a polyamide and water. A method of forming a polyamide comprises providing a reaction mixture containing at least one lactam monomer and carbon dioxide; and then polymerizing the lactam monomer in the carbon dioxide to form a polyamide.

Abstract translation: 从相应的尼龙盐材料形成聚酰胺的方法包括提供包含尼龙盐和二氧化碳的反应混合物; 然后将尼龙盐在二氧化碳中冷凝形成聚酰胺和水。 形成聚酰胺的方法包括提供含有至少一种内酰胺单体和二氧化碳的反应混合物; 然后在二氧化碳中聚合内酰胺单体以形成聚酰胺。

公开(公告)号：US6001243A

公开(公告)日：1999-12-14

申请号：US133557

申请日：1998-08-13

Applicant: James M. Eller ,  Roy N. McBrayer, Jr. ,  Richard D. Peacock ,  John S. Barber ,  Walter H. Stanton ,  Fred Applegath ,  Gordon H. Lovett, deceased

Inventor： James M. Eller ,  Roy N. McBrayer, Jr. ,  Richard D. Peacock ,  John S. Barber ,  Walter H. Stanton ,  Fred Applegath ,  Gordon H. Lovett, deceased

IPC: B01J3/00 ,  B01J3/04 ,  B01J19/00 ,  B01J19/24 ,  C02F1/72 ,  C02F11/08

CPC classification number: C02F11/086 ,  B01J19/2435 ,  B01J3/00 ,  B01J3/008 ,  B01J3/044 ,  C02F1/72 ,  B01J2219/00051 ,  B01J2219/00058 ,  B01J2219/00103 ,  B01J2219/00105 ,  B01J2219/00162 ,  Y02P20/544

Abstract: Systems and methods for heating, reacting, and/or treating a stream containing oxidizable matter. Recycle reactor is used alone or in conjunction with plug-flow reactor. Density differences in the recycle reactor facilitate flow within the recycle reactor without substantial external heat exchange.

公开(公告)号：US5979306A

公开(公告)日：1999-11-09

申请号：US47402

申请日：1998-03-25

Applicant: Takao Fujikawa ,  Yutaka Narukawa ,  Itaru Masuoka ,  Takahiro Yuki ,  Yoshihiko Sakashita

Inventor： Takao Fujikawa ,  Yutaka Narukawa ,  Itaru Masuoka ,  Takahiro Yuki ,  Yoshihiko Sakashita

IPC: B01J3/00 ,  B01J3/03 ,  B01J3/04 ,  H01L21/314 ,  H01L21/324 ,  H01L21/768 ,  B30B15/34

CPC classification number: B01J3/008 ,  B01J3/03 ,  B01J3/04 ,  H01L21/314

Abstract: A heating pressure processing apparatus in which gas sealing property and safety can be ensured, and economic property can be improved in heating pressure processing of workpieces such as Si wafers sheet by sheet. A processing vessel 1 formed of vessel components 2, 3 is divided into at least two parts or more in the axial direction thereof and has a seal ring 9 provided in the divided parts of the vessel components 2, parts 3 in such a manner as to be replaceable. The vessel components 2, 3 have shaped parts forming a processing space 5 for a workpiece 4 when the divided parts are sealed through the seal ring 9, the vessel components 2, 3 also having cooling means 10 for the seal ring 9. A ram is provided 18 for pressing the vessel components 2, 3 in the axial direction of the vessel in order to ensure the sealing in the divided parts; and a gas introducing device 20 is provided for introducing a pressurized gas to the processing space 5 in order to process the workpiece.

Abstract translation: 能够确保气体密封性和安全性的加热压力处理装置，并且可以逐张地提高诸如Si晶片的工件的加热压力加工的经济性。 由容器部件2,3形成的处理容器1在其轴向上被分成至少两部分以上，并且具有设置在容器部件2，部件3的分割部分中的密封环9， 可更换 容器部件2,3具有成形部件，当分隔部件通过密封环9密封时，形成工件4的处理空间5，容器部件2,3也具有用于密封环9的冷却装置10。 设置用于在容器的轴向方向上按压容器部件2,3，以确保分割部分的密封; 并且设置有用于将加压气体引入处理空间5以便处理工件的气体引入装置20。

公开(公告)号：US5962711A

公开(公告)日：1999-10-05

申请号：US765622

申请日：1996-12-27

Applicant: Magnus Harrod ,  Poul M.o slashed.ller

Inventor： Magnus Harrod ,  Poul M.o slashed.ller

IPC: B01J3/00 ,  C01B15/029 ,  C07B35/02 ,  C07B41/02 ,  C07C29/149 ,  C11C3/12 ,  C07C51/36

CPC classification number: C11C3/12 ,  B01J3/008 ,  C01B15/029 ,  C07B35/02 ,  C07B41/02 ,  C07C29/149

Abstract: A typical traditional reactor for hydrogenation consists of a tank filled with a liquid and a gas and a small particle catalyst. The reaction is carried out at high pressures and high temperatures. Lack of gas on the catalyst surface limits the velocity of reaction. Much work has been done to increase the quantity of gas on the catalyst. It has not been possible to solve this problem effectively with the techniques of today. According to the invention an extra solvent is added to the reaction mixture. By bringing the whole mixture (solvent, substrate, hydrogen and reaction products) to super-critical or near-critical state, a substantially homogeneous mixture can be obtained. By this method it is possible to control the concentration of gas on the catalyst to the desired level. The velocity of reaction is thereby increased considerably. The hydrogenation reactions principally involved comprise hydrogenation of carbon-carbon double bonds (C.dbd.C) in lipids; hydrogenation of COOR to C--OH and HO--R to produce fatty alcohols; and direct hydrogenation of oxygen to hydrogen peroxide.

Abstract translation: PCT No.PCT / SE95 / 00824 Sec。 371日期1997年12月27日第 102（e）日期1997年12月27日PCT提交1995年7月3日PCT公布。 公开号WO96 / 01304 日期1996年1月18日典型的用于氢化的传统反应器由填充有液体和气体的罐和小颗粒催化剂组成。 反应在高压和高温下进行。 催化剂表面缺乏气体限制了反应速度。 已经做了大量工作来增加催化剂上的气体量。 今天的技术无法有效地解决这个问题。 根据本发明，向反应混合物中加入额外的溶剂。 通过将整个混合物（溶剂，底物，氢气和反应产物）引入超临界或接近临界状态，可获得基本均匀的混合物。 通过该方法，可以将催化剂上的气体浓度控制到所需的水平。 因此反应速度显着增加。 主要涉及的氢化反应包括脂质中碳 - 碳双键（C = C）的氢化; 将COOR氢化成C-OH和HO-R以产生脂肪醇; 并将氧气直接氢化成过氧化氢。

公开(公告)号：US5954267A

公开(公告)日：1999-09-21

申请号：US974854

申请日：1997-11-20

Applicant: Nakamichi Yamasaki ,  Tsuneaki Mochida ,  Akihiro Maeda ,  Takeshi Fukuda ,  Tsuyoshi Morimura

Inventor： Nakamichi Yamasaki ,  Tsuneaki Mochida ,  Akihiro Maeda ,  Takeshi Fukuda ,  Tsuyoshi Morimura

IPC: B01F5/18 ,  B01J3/00 ,  B01J3/02 ,  B01J19/26 ,  B05B7/16 ,  C01F7/02 ,  C01G1/02 ,  C30B7/10 ,  B05B1/24 ,  B05B15/00

CPC classification number: B05B7/16 ,  B01J19/26 ,  B01J3/008 ,  B01J3/02 ,  B01J2219/00094 ,  B01J2219/00105 ,  B01J2219/00108 ,  B01J2219/00119 ,  B01J2219/00155 ,  B01J2219/00162 ,  Y02P20/544

Abstract: A method for spraying starting material particles in a continuous hydrothermal reaction, comprising spraying an aqueous fluid pressurized and heated in excess of the saturated vapor temperature and a starting material slurry pressurized at ordinary temperature. A starting material slurry feed orifice is provided in a central portion of an aqueous fluid spray orifice to spray and mix the aqueous fluid and the staring material slurry. In order to avoid entry of heat into the starting material fluid from the aqueous fluid, a heat-insulating layer is provided between feed paths for the respective two fluids. According to the above method, the starting material slurry is sprayed particularly under subcritical to supercritical conditions beyond the saturated vapor temperature to form fine particles without agglomeration thereof, whereby a hydrothermal reaction can be continuously and efficiently effected.

Abstract translation: 一种用于在连续水热反应中喷射原料颗粒的方法，包括喷雾加压和加热超过饱和蒸汽温度的水溶液和在常温下加压的原料浆料。 在水性流体喷射孔的中心部分提供原料浆料进料孔，以喷射和混合含水流体和起始材料浆料。 为了避免从含水流体引入原料流体中的热量，在相应的两种流体的进料路径之间设置绝热层。 根据上述方法，将原料浆料特别是在亚临界状态下超过饱和蒸汽温度的超临界条件下喷涂，形成细小颗粒而不凝聚，由此可以连续有效地进行水热反应。

公开(公告)号：US5888050A

公开(公告)日：1999-03-30

申请号：US139230

申请日：1998-08-25

Applicant: Wayne Fitzgerald ,  Kenneth J. James ,  Brian J. Waibel

Inventor： Wayne Fitzgerald ,  Kenneth J. James ,  Brian J. Waibel

IPC: B01J3/00 ,  F04B19/06 ,  F04B37/18 ,  F04B49/06 ,  F04B49/08 ,  F04B49/00

CPC classification number: B01J3/008 ,  F04B19/06 ,  F04B37/18 ,  F04B49/065 ,  F04B49/08 ,  F04B2015/0818 ,  F04B2203/10 ,  F04B2205/05

Abstract: A precision high-pressure control assembly for supercritical fluids comprises a continuous flow system having a pressure control loop which includes a source of fluid communicating with a piston driven pump. A pressure sensor monitors the pressure of the supercritical fluid in the outlet line of the pump. A pressure controller has an input for receiving a signal relating to the pressure sent by the pressure sensor and the pressure controller yields an electronic output signal to an electropneumatic regulator. A source of air communicates with the electropneumatic regulator to provide pressurized regulated driver air directed to the pump. The electropneumatic regulator controls the regulated driver air pressure of the pump in accordance with the signal received from the pressure controller. The piston head of the pump is in a cryogenic chamber to minimize flash and cavitation.

Abstract translation: 用于超临界流体的精密高压控制组件包括具有压力控制回路的连续流动系统，压力控制回路包括与活塞驱动泵连通的流体源。 压力传感器监测泵的出口管线中超临界流体的压力。 压力控制器具有用于接收与由压力传感器发送的压力有关的信号的输入端，压力控制器产生电气输出信号到电动气动调节器。 空气源与电动气动调节器连通，以向泵提供加压调节的驱动器空气。 电动气动调节器根据从压力控制器接收的信号控制泵的调节驱动器气压。 泵的活塞头处于低温室，以使闪电和气蚀最小化。

公开(公告)号：US5804066A

公开(公告)日：1998-09-08

申请号：US598938

申请日：1996-02-08

Applicant: H. Harry Mueggenburg ,  Donald C. Rousar ,  Marvin F. Young

Inventor： H. Harry Mueggenburg ,  Donald C. Rousar ,  Marvin F. Young

IPC: B01J3/00 ,  B01J4/00 ,  B01J19/00 ,  B01J19/26 ,  C02F11/08 ,  C02F1/72

CPC classification number: C02F11/086 ,  B01J19/26 ,  B01J3/00 ,  B01J3/008 ,  B01J4/001 ,  B01J2219/00063 ,  B01J2219/00119 ,  B01J2219/00121 ,  B01J2219/00159 ,  B01J2219/00164 ,  Y02P20/544

Abstract: Fuel, oxidant and reactant for a supercritical water oxidation reactor are fed through an injector in which the flow are arranged such that the oxidant feed surrounds the fuel feed and the shields the fuel feed from the reactant feed. Excessive reactant temperature is thus avoided, and the reaction can proceed in a highly efficient manner.

Abstract translation: 用于超临界水氧化反应器的燃料，氧化剂和反应物通过喷射器进料，其中流体被布置成使得氧化剂进料围绕燃料进料并屏蔽来自反应物进料的燃料进料。 因此避免反应物温度过高，并且反应可以以高效的方式进行。