公开(公告)号：US4925305A

公开(公告)日：1990-05-15

申请号：US278564

申请日：1988-12-01

Applicant: Ronald R. Erickson

Inventor： Ronald R. Erickson

IPC: G01J3/18 ,  G01N21/47

CPC classification number: G01N21/4785 ,  G01J3/18 ,  G01J3/1838 ,  G01N21/4788 ,  Y10S250/91

Abstract: A humidity measuring device and standard is disclosed. Humidity is measured by comparing the reflectivity and selected wavelengths of light of a grain sample to the reflectivity of a standard of known humidity in order to ascertain humidity. A holographically generated reflecting standard with a sculptured wavelength and amplitude filtering element is utilized.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种湿度测量装置和标准。 通过将颗粒样品的反射率和选定波长的比例与已知湿度标准的反射率进行比较来测定湿度，以确定湿度。 利用具有雕刻波长和幅度滤波元件的全息产生的反射标准。

公开(公告)号：US4844617A

公开(公告)日：1989-07-04

申请号：US146046

申请日：1988-01-20

Applicant: Herman F. Kelderman ,  Michael E. Fein ,  Alan E. Loh ,  Arnold Adams ,  Armand P. Neukermans

Inventor： Herman F. Kelderman ,  Michael E. Fein ,  Alan E. Loh ,  Arnold Adams ,  Armand P. Neukermans

IPC: G01B9/04 ,  G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/18 ,  G01J3/28 ,  G02B21/00

CPC classification number: G01B9/04 ,  G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/0229 ,  G01J3/0243 ,  G01J3/0248 ,  G02B21/006 ,  G01J3/18 ,  G01J3/2803

Abstract: A confocal measuring microscope including a spectrometer and autofocus system sharing common optical elements in which the intensity of light entering the spectrometer from a particular spot on a workpiece is used to determine a focus condition for the same spot. The microscope includes at least one light source, an illumination field stop, and a microscope objective that images the stop onto a workpiece supported by a movable platform. The objective also forms an image of the illuminated portion of the object. An aperture in a second stop and intersecting the image plane passes light from part of the image to the spectrometer, while viewing optics are used to view the image. In one embodiment, a detector is placed at the zero order position, while in another embodiment a laser is placed at the zero order position. In the later embodiment an integrator circuit connected to the detector array replaces the zero order detector for measuring the total intensity of light entering the spectrometer. A best focus condition occurs when the total intensity is a maximum for a positive confocal configuration, i.e. where source and detector are on opposite sides of their respective field stops from said workpiece, and a minimum for a negative confocal configuration, i.e. where the source and workpiece are on the same side of a reflective illumination field stop with aperture. The movable platform may be scanned axially to achieve and maintain object focus as the object is scanned transversely.

Abstract translation: 共焦测量显微镜包括分光光度计和自动聚焦系统，共享共同的光学元件，其中使用从工件上的特定光点进入光谱仪的光的强度来确定同一光斑的聚焦条件。 显微镜包括至少一个光源，照明场停止器和将停止点图像到由可移动平台支撑的工件上的显微镜物镜。 该目的也形成对象的被照亮部分的图像。 在第二个停止点和与图像平面相交的孔将光从图像的一部分传递到光谱仪，而观察光学元件用于观看图像。 在一个实施例中，检测器被放置在零级位置，而在另一个实施例中，激光被放置在零级位置。 在后面的实施例中，连接到检测器阵列的积分器电路取代了用于测量进入光谱仪的光的总强度的零级检测器。 当总强度为正共焦配置的最大值时，即源和检测器位于其与所述工件相应的场停止位置的相对侧上，并且对于共焦焦配置为最小，即源和 工件位于具有孔径的反射照明场停止的同一侧。 当物体被横向扫描时，可移动平台可被轴向地扫描以实现和维持物体焦点。

公开(公告)号：US4830493A

公开(公告)日：1989-05-16

申请号：US115023

申请日：1987-10-29

Applicant: Robert Giebeler

Inventor： Robert Giebeler

IPC: G01J3/18 ,  G01N15/04 ,  G01N21/31

CPC classification number: G01N15/042 ,  G01J3/18 ,  G01J2003/1857 ,  G01N2015/045

Abstract: A centrifuge sample is optically scanned during centrifuging. The sample, placed in a centrifuge rotor having a cell with top and bottom windows, is spun until stratification and discrete layering occurs within the sample. Such layering occurs on layers that are precisely normal to the radius of the centrifuge at the point of sample and parallel to the spin axis of the centrifuge. A slit scanner having a slit normal to the sample plane transverse the width of the sample below the cell to detect with precision the precise location of the strata in the cell. A light source is reflected by a toroidal mirror having two radius of curvature. One radius of curvature is selected to collimate rays of light parallel to the layer of the sample. The mirror is ruled with respect to the other radius of curvature to chromatically classify light to preselect band width. Rotation of the mirror preserved collimation but enables selected scanning light frequency.

Abstract translation: 在离心过程中对离心机样品进行光学扫描。 放置在具有顶部和底部窗口的电池的离心机转子中的样品被旋转直到分层，并且在样品内发生离散的层叠。 这种层叠发生在精确垂直于样品点处离心机半径并平行于离心机旋转轴线的层上。 狭缝扫描器具有垂直于样品平面的狭缝，横向于细胞下方的样品的宽度，以精确地检测细胞中地层的精确位置。 光源由具有两个曲率半径的环形镜反射。 选择一个曲率半径来准直平行于样品层的光线。 相对于另一个曲率半径将镜子划分为对光进行色度分类以预选带宽。 镜的旋转保留准直，但能够选择扫描光频率。

公开(公告)号：US4718764A

公开(公告)日：1988-01-12

申请号：US822511

申请日：1986-01-27

Applicant: David Fink

Inventor： David Fink

IPC: G01J3/12 ,  G01J3/14 ,  G01J3/18 ,  G01J3/36 ,  G01N21/27 ,  H01S3/00

CPC classification number: H01S3/005 ,  G01J3/12 ,  G01J2003/1282 ,  G01J2003/1286 ,  G01J3/14 ,  G01J3/18

Abstract: An optical receiver system operative to allow a set of fixed positioned detectors in the same Dewar to be optically directed to concurrently sense any subset of a known set of spectral lines. The system also has a transmitter mode that allows a group of radiation sources having a subset of a possible set of spectral lines to be relatively optically overlapped at the transmitter aperture.

Abstract translation: 一种光学接收器系统，其操作以允许同一杜瓦中的一组固定定位的检测器被光学指导以同时感测已知的一组光谱线的任何子集。 该系统还具有发射机模式，其允许具有可能的一组谱线的子集的一组辐射源在发射器孔径处相对光学重叠。

公开(公告)号：US4697924A

公开(公告)日：1987-10-06

申请号：US718124

申请日：1985-03-29

Applicant: Osamu Akiyama

Inventor： Osamu Akiyama

IPC: G01J3/12 ,  G01J3/18

CPC classification number: G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/0229 ,  G01J3/0235 ,  G01J3/18 ,  G01J2003/1814

Abstract: A monochromator, capable of functioning as either a single monochromator or a double monochromator by positioning of either reflective means or dispersion means in the optical path. Both the reflective means and the dispersion means are placed on a rotary bed which may be rotated by rotary drive means so that one of the above-mentioned optical means may be placed in the optical path, whereby the monochromator functions optimally, depending on the object to be measured.

Abstract translation: 一种单色器，其能够通过将光学路径中的任一种反射装置或色散装置定位成单个单色器或双色单色器。 反射装置和分散装置都被放置在可以通过旋转驱动装置旋转的旋转床上，使得上述光学装置中的一个可以被放置在光路中，由此单色器根据物体最佳地起作用 待测。

公开(公告)号：US4676597A

公开(公告)日：1987-06-30

申请号：US688296

申请日：1985-01-02

Applicant: Francesco Cisternino

Inventor： Francesco Cisternino

IPC: G01J3/12 ,  G01J3/18 ,  G01J3/28 ,  G02B5/04

CPC classification number: G01J3/18 ,  G01J3/2823

Abstract: The monochromator presents, in the plane of the slit (5), a mirror (6) which reflects the radiations comprised within the spectrum portion selected by the slit (5) towards the grating (3) dispersing a non-monochromatic beam. The radiations reflected recombine into a single, substantially monochromatic beam on the grating (3), and a suitable optical system (7,8) focuses such a beam forming the substantially monochromatic image of the source (1).

Abstract translation: 单色仪在狭缝（5）的平面中呈现反射镜（6），反射镜（6）将包含在由狭缝（5）选择的光谱部分内的辐射朝向分散非单色光束的光栅（3）反射。 反射的辐射重新组合到光栅（3）上的单个基本单色光束中，并且合适的光学系统（7,8）聚焦形成光源（1）的基本单色图像的这种光束。

公开(公告)号：US4575243A

公开(公告)日：1986-03-11

申请号：US502990

申请日：1983-06-10

Applicant: Wolfgang Witte

Inventor： Wolfgang Witte

IPC: G01J3/12 ,  G01J3/18

CPC classification number: G01J3/18 ,  G01J3/0208 ,  G01J3/0229

Abstract: A monochromator comprises a first and a second concave grating. An entrance slit is imaged by the concave grating in the plane as a spectrum. A disc comprises a spiral slot. A section of the slot forms an intermediate slit periodically sweeping transversely across the spectrum. A concave mirror images the fanning point of the concave grating. Thereby the fanned beams are recombined to a single beam. An exit slit is located in an image plane in which an image of the entrance slit is generated. The spectrum can be scanned quickly and cyclically without the gratings having to be rotated. There is also the effect of a double monochromator. Another embodiment comprises two concave mirrors to generate the image.

Abstract translation: 单色器包括第一和第二凹光栅。 入射狭缝通过平面内的凹形光栅作为光谱成像。 盘包括螺旋槽。 槽的一部分形成横向横穿光谱周期扫描的中间狭缝。 凹面镜成像凹面光栅的扇形点。 因此，扇形光束被重新组合成单​​个光束。 出口狭缝位于其中产生入口狭缝的图像的图像平面中。 可以快速和周期地扫描光谱，而不必旋转光栅。 还有一个双色仪的效果。 另一个实施例包括两个凹面镜以产生图像。

公开(公告)号：US4568187A

公开(公告)日：1986-02-04

申请号：US504437

申请日：1983-06-15

Applicant: Toshiaki Kita ,  Tatsuo Harada

Inventor： Toshiaki Kita ,  Tatsuo Harada

IPC: G01J3/18 ,  G01J3/20

CPC classification number: G01J3/18

Abstract: In a concave grating spectrometer for creating a spectral image by dispersing a light to be measured according to the wavelength, an arrangement comprising a concave grating with varied spacing and/or curved grooves formed on a concave spherical surface, and an entrance slit located at such a position on a vertical focal line passing through the center of curvature of the spherical surface, that the sum of the square of the difference between horizontal and vertical focal lengths at each wavelength in the wavelength range takes a minimum value. The light to be measured projected through the entrance slit is dispersed by the concave grating according to the wavelength and an image is focused on the vertical focal line passing through the center of curvature of the spherical grating.

Abstract translation: 在凹面光栅光谱仪中，用于通过根据波长分散待测量的光来产生光谱图像，包括形成在凹球面上的具有不同间隔和/或弯曲凹槽的凹形光栅的布置，以及位于其上的入口狭缝 在通过球面的曲率中心的垂直焦线上的位置，在波长范围内的每个波长处的水平和垂直焦距之间的差的平方和之和为最小值。 通过入口狭缝投射的被测光通过凹面光栅根据波长分散，并且图像聚焦在穿过球形光栅的曲率中心的垂直焦线上。

公开(公告)号：US4492466A

公开(公告)日：1985-01-08

申请号：US393078

申请日：1982-06-28

Applicant: David E. Aspnes

Inventor： David E. Aspnes

IPC: G01J3/18

CPC classification number: G01J3/18

Abstract: A tunable monochromator having variable groove spacing whereby each wavelength is diffracted to the same point and which is tuned by translating the grating parallel to a rotational symmetry axis is disclosed.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种具有可变凹槽间隔的可调单色仪，其中每个波长被衍射到同一点，并且通过将光栅平行于旋转对称轴平移来进行调谐。

公开(公告)号：US4455087A

公开(公告)日：1984-06-19

申请号：US251143

申请日：1981-04-06

Applicant: Charly D. Allemand ,  David L. Brewer

Inventor： Charly D. Allemand ,  David L. Brewer

IPC: G01J3/18

CPC classification number: G01J3/18

Abstract: A monochromatic imaging apparatus comprising a pair of similar diffraction gratings, a pair of focusing lenses, a pair of collimating lenses, an entrance slit, an exit slit and an intermediate slit, and means for concurrently moving the two gratings; wherein a polychromatic source image is placed at the entrance slit, and a collimating lens collimates the light rays from the source image and projects the collimated rays onto the first diffraction grating thereby to disperse the rays. The dispersed rays are then focused by the first focusing lens onto the intermediate slit, and then collimated by the second collimating lens onto the second diffraction grating which thereupon recombines the dispersed light. The recombined rays are then focused by the second focusing lens onto the exit slit. The two gratings may be concurrently moved in opposite or similar directions about an axis in the grating ruling plane and at the centers thereof, and at similar angles, so that the angle of incidence at the first grating is equal to the angle of diffraction at the second grating. In this manner, a monochromatic image of the polychromatic source image will appear at the exit slit and be of a selected band of wavelengths of the visible or other spectrum dependent upon the angular position of the two gratings from zero order of diffraction.

Abstract translation: 一种单色成像装置，包括一对相似的衍射光栅，一对聚焦透镜，一对准直透镜，入射狭缝，出射狭缝和中间狭缝，以及用于同时移动两个光栅的装置; 其中多色源图像被放置在入口狭缝处，并且准直透镜准直来自源图像的光线并将准直光线投射到第一衍射光栅上，从而分散光线。 然后将分散的光线由第一聚焦透镜聚焦到中间狭缝上，然后由第二准直透镜准直到第二衍射光栅上，随后重新分散光。 然后，重新组合的光线被第二聚焦透镜聚焦到出射狭缝上。 两个光栅可以沿着光栅尺平面中的轴线及其中心处以相似或相似的方向同时移动，并且以相似的角度移动，使得第一光栅处的入射角等于衍射角 第二光栅。 以这种方式，多色源图像的单色图像将出现在出射狭缝处，并且根据来自零级衍射的两个光栅的角位置，具有可见光或其它光谱的选定波段的波长。