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公开(公告)号：US06323991B2
公开(公告)日：2001-11-27
申请号：US09766683
申请日：2001-01-17
Applicant: Francesco Cisternino , Andrea De Marchi , Raffaele Girardi , Stefania Roemisch
Inventor： Francesco Cisternino , Andrea De Marchi , Raffaele Girardi , Stefania Roemisch
IPC: G02F135
CPC classification number: H04L7/0075 , H04B10/505 , H04B10/5053 , H04B10/50577 , H04J14/08
Abstract: The circuit includes an electro-optical mixer, such as an electro-optical Mach-Zehnder modulator, with non-linear behavior. The modulator receives as input an optical signal (Pin) at the frequency to be divided, in addition to an electric signal (e3) at a given frequency, usually corresponding to the frequency deriving from such division. The output optical signal (Pout) from modulator exhibits a modulation spectrum containing the frequency difference between the frequency to be divided and at least one harmonic of the frequency of the above electric signal. After having been converted into an electric signal (e1), the output signal of the mixer is subjected to a filtering action to extract the above frequency difference component. This latter one is then used both as electrical signal (e3) for the mixing, and as output signal from the divider (e2). The preferred application is to OTDM systems, to extract a synchronism signal as tributary signal frequency.
Abstract translation: 该电路包括具有非线性特性的电光混频器，例如电光马赫 - 曾德尔调制器。 除了通常对应于从这种划分得到的频率的给定频率的电信号（e3）之外，调制器还以待分频的频率接收光信号（Pin）。 来自调制器的输出光信号（Pout）表现出包含要分频的频率与上述电信号的频率的至少一个谐波之间的频率差的调制频谱。 在转换成电信号（e1）之后，对混频器的输出信号进行滤波动作，以提取上述频率差分量。 然后将后者用作混合的电信号（e3），以及来自分频器（e2）的输出信号。 优选的应用是向OTDM系统提取同步信号作为辅助信号频率。
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2.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4671657A
公开(公告)日：1987-06-09
申请号：US767164
申请日：1985-08-19
Applicant: Riccardo Calvani , Renato Caponi , Francesco Cisternino
Inventor： Riccardo Calvani , Renato Caponi , Francesco Cisternino
Abstract: Method and device for realtime measurement of the state of polarization at a quasi-monochromatic light beam. Two quasi-monochromatic radiations with slightly different optical frequencies are generated. A radiation is converted into a 45.degree. linearly polarized radiation, while the other presents the polarization state imposed by a body under test. In each radiation, horizontal and vertical polarization components are separated, and then recombined into two different beams comprising radiations at both frequencies, respectively polarized in the same plane. Beatings between the two components of each beam are originated and from the two electrical signals in the radiofrequency range thus obtained the information is extracted on the relative phase and the amplitude of the two components of the radiation with polarization imposed by the body under test.
Abstract translation: 用于实时测量准单色光束的偏振态的方法和装置。 产生具有稍微不同光频率的两个准单色辐射。 辐射被转换为45°线性偏振辐射，而另一种则呈现由被测体引起的极化状态。 在每个辐射中，水平和垂直偏振分量被分离，然后再组合成两个不同的波束，两个不同的波束包括两个频率的辐射，分别在同一平面上极化。 在每个光束的两个分量之间发生跳动，并且从这样获得的射频范围内的两个电信号中，信息被提取在被被测体施加的极化的辐射的相对相位和振幅上。
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3.发明授权公开(公告)号：US06661549B1
公开(公告)日：2003-12-09
申请号：US09443083
申请日：1999-11-18
Applicant: Riccardo Calvani , Francesco Cisternino , Raffaele Girardi , Emilio Riccardi
Inventor： Riccardo Calvani , Francesco Cisternino , Raffaele Girardi , Emilio Riccardi
IPC: H04J1408
CPC classification number: H04J14/08
Abstract: This invention concerns a method of and a device for optical demultiplexing that are based on the four wave mixing between the signals to be demultiplexed and pump signals. The two signals are fed into a polarization maintaining fiber (14), which divides them into two components with orthogonal polarization, separated in time; and the four wave mixing is performed separately on the two components, thereby originating two separate signals that are polarization-rotated and re-combined. (FIG. 1).
Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种基于要解复用的信号和泵浦信号之间的四波混频的光解复用的方法和装置。 这两个信号被馈送到偏振保持光纤（14）中，它们将它们分成具有正交极化的两个分量，并在时间上分离; 并且在两个分量上分别执行四个波混频，从而产生被偏振旋转和重新组合的两个分离的信号。 （图。1）。
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4.发明授权Optical-fiber transmission system with polarization modulation and heterodyne coherent detection 失效具有偏振调制和外差相干检测的光纤传输系统
公开(公告)号：US4817206A
公开(公告)日：1989-03-28
申请号：US35623
申请日：1987-04-03
Applicant: Riccardo Calvani , Renato Caponi , Francesco Cisternino
Inventor： Riccardo Calvani , Renato Caponi , Francesco Cisternino
IPC: H04B10/00 , G02F2/00 , H04B10/02 , H04B10/04 , H04B10/06 , H04B10/135 , H04B10/142 , H04B10/152 , H04B10/18 , H04B9/00
CPC classification number: H04B10/532
Abstract: Optical-fiber transmission system with heterodyne coherent detection in which, at the transmitting side, the polarization of an optical carrier is modulated, and at the receiving side the beam resulting from a combination of the modulated beam and a beam emitted from a local oscillator is split into two orthogonally-polarized components. The two optical signals are detected and sent to an electronic mixer which receives the two components and carries out a synchronous demodulation eliminating the effects of the linewidth of the source and of the local oscillator.
Abstract translation: 具有外差相干检测的光纤传输系统，其中在发射侧的光载波的极化被调制，并且在接收侧，由调制波束和从本地振荡器发射的波束的组合产生的波束是 分成两个正交极化分量。 两个光信号被检测并发送到接收两个部件并进行同步解调的电子混频器，消除了源和本地振荡器的线宽的影响。
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Patent Agency Ranking
公开(公告)号：US5548603A
公开(公告)日：1996-08-20
申请号：US362153
申请日：1994-12-22
Applicant: Riccardo Calvani , Renato Caponi , Francesco Cisternino , Diego Roccato
Inventor： Riccardo Calvani , Renato Caponi , Francesco Cisternino , Diego Roccato
CPC classification number: H01S5/0014 , H01S5/06216 , H01S2301/08 , H01S5/0612 , H01S5/1039
Abstract: Ultra-short transform-limited optical pulses, to be utilized for high bit-rate transmission systems, are obtained through direct modulation of a semiconductor laser by pulses of such duration as to excite only the first peak of the relaxation oscillations of the cavity of laser, tuned to such a length that the pulse portions that overlap inside the cavity interfere constructively. The pulses emitted by the laser then pass upon a fiber with high negative dispersion to compensate for the phase effect due to the chirp.
Abstract translation: 用于高比特率传输系统的超短变换限制光脉冲通过半导体激光器的脉冲直接调制获得，脉冲持续时间仅仅激发激光腔的弛豫振荡的第一个峰值 调谐到这样的长度，使得在空腔内重叠的脉冲部分有效地干涉。 激光发射的脉冲然后通过具有高负色散的光纤以补偿由于啁啾引起的相位效应。
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6.发明授权Method of measuring polarization and birefringence in single-mode optical fibers 失效在单模光纤中测量偏振和双折射的方法
公开(公告)号：US4866266A
公开(公告)日：1989-09-12
申请号：US191205
申请日：1988-05-06
Applicant: Riccardo Calvani , Renato Caponi , Francesco Cisternino , Gianni Coppa
Inventor： Riccardo Calvani , Renato Caponi , Francesco Cisternino , Gianni Coppa
CPC classification number: G01M11/35
Abstract: A constant force perpendicular to the fiber axis is applied to the fiber so as to cause a power coupling from the fundamental mode, which is guided, to a secondary mode which is irradiated, and the intensity of the scattered radiation associated with that secondary mode is measured. Such intensity depends on the local state of polarization. By dispacing the force application point step by step along the fiber axis and by measuring for each point the intensity of the scattered radiation, beat length is obtained as the distance between two consecutive points where the scattered radiation has the same intensity.
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公开(公告)号：US06204956B1
公开(公告)日：2001-03-20
申请号：US09199144
申请日：1998-11-24
Applicant: Francesco Cisternino , Andrea De Marchi , Raffaele Girardi , Stefania Roemisch
Inventor： Francesco Cisternino , Andrea De Marchi , Raffaele Girardi , Stefania Roemisch
IPC: G02F135
CPC classification number: H04L7/0075 , H04B10/505 , H04B10/5053 , H04B10/50577 , H04J14/08
Abstract: The circuit includes an electro-optical mixer, such as an electro-optical Mach-Zehnder modulator (2), with non-linear behaviour. The modulator (2) receives as input an optical signal (Pin) at the frequency to be divided, in addition to an electric signal (e3) at a given frequency, usually corresponding to the frequency deriving from such division. The output optical signal (Pout) from modulator (2) exhibits a modulation spectrum containing the frequency difference between the frequency to be divided and at least one harmonic of the frequency of the above electric signal. After having been converted into an electric signal (e1), the output signal of the mixer is subjected to a filtering action (8) to extract the above frequency difference component. This latter one is then used both as electrical signal (e3) for the mixing, and as output signal from the divider (e2). The preferred application is to OTDM systems, to extract a synchronism signal at tributary signal frequency.
Abstract translation: 该电路包括具有非线性特性的电光混频器，例如电光马赫 - 曾德调制器（2）。 除了通常对应于从这种划分得到的频率的给定频率的电信号（e3）之外，调制器（2）还接收待分频频率的光信号（Pin）。 来自调制器（2）的输出光信号（Pout）表现出包含要分频的频率与上述电信号的频率的至少一个谐波之间的频率差的调制频谱。 在转换成电信号（e1）之后，对混频器的输出信号进行滤波动作（8），以提取上述频率差分量。 然后将后者用作混合的电信号（e3），以及来自分频器（e2）的输出信号。 优选的应用是向OTDM系统提取支路信号频率的同步信号。
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8.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4832492A
公开(公告)日：1989-05-23
申请号：US81485
申请日：1987-08-04
Applicant: Riccardo Calvani , Renato Caponi , Francesco Cisternino
Inventor： Riccardo Calvani , Renato Caponi , Francesco Cisternino
CPC classification number: H04B10/07 , G01J4/00 , G01J9/04 , G01N21/211
Abstract: The interferometer makes use of an acousto-optic device to perform a frequency shift of the beam sent along one of the interferometer branches, so as to allow the determination of the state of polarization by heterodyne radiofrequency detection. The acousto-optic device can be inserted downstream of the device for splitting the beam emitted by the source into the two beams sent along the two interferometer branches, or it can also act as the beam splitter.
Abstract translation: 干涉仪使用声光装置来执行沿着干涉仪分支之一发送的光束的频移，从而允许通过外差射频检测来确定偏振状态。 声光器件可以插入器件的下游，用于将由源发射的光束分成沿着两个干涉仪分支发送的两个光束，或者也可以用作分束器。
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公开(公告)号：US4676597A
公开(公告)日：1987-06-30
申请号：US688296
申请日：1985-01-02
Applicant: Francesco Cisternino
Inventor： Francesco Cisternino
CPC classification number: G01J3/18 , G01J3/2823
Abstract: The monochromator presents, in the plane of the slit (5), a mirror (6) which reflects the radiations comprised within the spectrum portion selected by the slit (5) towards the grating (3) dispersing a non-monochromatic beam. The radiations reflected recombine into a single, substantially monochromatic beam on the grating (3), and a suitable optical system (7,8) focuses such a beam forming the substantially monochromatic image of the source (1).
Abstract translation: 单色仪在狭缝（5）的平面中呈现反射镜（6），反射镜（6）将包含在由狭缝（5）选择的光谱部分内的辐射朝向分散非单色光束的光栅（3）反射。 反射的辐射重新组合到光栅（3）上的单个基本单色光束中，并且合适的光学系统（7,8）聚焦形成光源（1）的基本单色图像的这种光束。
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